Abstract: Perfluorinated organic compounds，a kind of anthropogenic pollutants，are widely used in chemical production． A large number of perfluorinated organic compounds have entered into surface water environment，and are detected in major rivers，lakes and seas at home and abroad． Human exposure pathways to perfluorinated organic compounds include drinking water，food and air-dust inhalation． In the paper，the sources，current pollution status，human exposure pathways and potential hazards of perfluorinated organic compounds in surface water were reviewed． It was expected to provide some references for environmental monitoring and biosafety studies．