Abstract: Bioremediation has been developed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for the removal of metals from sediments，especially the bioleaching． This paper reviewed the progress of bioleaching for remediation of heavy metals polluted sediment according to the latest literatures． It also introduced the research achievements in the removal of heavy metals by bioleaching over the past 10 years，especially the main factors affecting the efficiency of the heavy metal removal from sediments，such as pH，oxidation reduction potential ( OＲP) and organic matter，etc． In addition，the future application of this technology in remediation of metal-contaminated sediments was prospected．