Abstract: A total of 222 surface water samples from the upstream water system of Guanting Reservoir and Miyun Reservoir were collected at the same point in both plain and the abundant water periods. The contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and total phosphorus in raw water and the suspended solids were measured respectively. The distribution and pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus were discussed and evaluated with reference to the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838-2002). The results showed that:1) the surface water in the study area was in eutrophication state, the nitrogen and phosphorus content in Yongding River system was relatively higher, and the high value points were mainly distributed in the cross section of the main stream of the Yanghe River; 2) the appearance of the high value point of nitrogen and phosphorus in the main stream of the main river was closely related to the discharge of urban wastewater in the upper reaches of the river, and the treatment of urban wastewater should be strengthened; 3) the samples of 78.26% total nitrogen (in abundont water period) and 91.59% (in plain water period) were inferior to class Ⅲ. Except for the upper reaches of the Yanghe River, the upper reaches of the Sanggan River and the Tang River systems, the total nitrogen in most of the sample sites of the other water systems was inferior to classⅤ. However, most of the samples of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were defined to meet the standard limit, so it was suggested that the control of nitrate should be strengthened when setting the standard; 4) the samples of total phosphorus 33.04% (in abundant water period) and 14.02% (in plain water period) didn't meet the requirements of category Ⅲ, and mainly distributed in the middle section of the Yanghe River, Huliu River and the middle section of the tidal river waters. According to the present situation of surface water environmental quality, some suggestions for future work were put forward.