Abstract: The experimental sludge, which was taken from a sewage treatment plant, was domesticated into anaerobic activated sludge with phosphate reduction function through cultivation. By adjusting different phosphorus sources (soybean lecithin, bone meal, sodium hexametaphosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hypophosphite and sodium phosphite), nitrogen source (ammonium chloride, peptone) and N/P ratio, the gas production efficiency of phosphine and removal rate of phosphate were measured in this research. The results showed that both the phosphorus source and nitrogen source used in this experiment could produce phosphine gas in the phosphate reduction system (PRS), which indicated that the PRS had a good adaptability to various nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. In addition, the inorganic phosphorous sodium as the single phosphorus source, had the largest gas production and the organic phosphorus represented by soybean lecithin produced the least amount of gas. The addition of bone meal and sodium hypophosphite could promote the increase of gas production in PRS. What's more, the inorganic nitrogen ammonium chloride as a nitrogen source, had a large gas production with the optimum ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of 4:1, while the ratio was also 4:1 when peptone was used as nitrogen source. The mixing of these two nitrogen sources could promote the production of phosphine.