山西省四城市冬季PM<sub>2.5</sub>中碳质组分特征及来源分析

王成; 曹靖原; 段小琳; 陈浩; 闫雨龙; 彭林

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202106017

山西省四城市冬季PM_2.5中碳质组分特征及来源分析

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202106017

王成^1,2,
曹靖原^1,2,
段小琳¹,
陈浩¹,
闫雨龙¹,
彭林^1, ,

1. 华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院资源环境系统优化教育部重点实验室, 北京 102206;
2. 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院, 北京 102206

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0214200）；国家自然科学基金项目（21976053）；大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目（DQGG-05-13）

详细信息

作者简介:
王成(1991-),男,博士,主要研究方向为颗粒物来源解析及空气污染防治。wangchenghuanjing@163.com

通讯作者:
彭林(1966-),女,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为环境中有机物来源与空气颗粒物来源解析。penglin6611@163.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 197
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-18

CHARACTERISTICS AND SOURCES ANALYSIS OF CARBONACEOUS COMPONENTS IN PM_2.5 IN WINTER IN FOUR CITIES OF SHANXI PROVINCE

1. Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
2. School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究山西省太原、阳泉、长治和晋城冬季PM_2.5中碳质组分的污染特征和来源，于2017-11-15—12-31同步采集了冬季PM_2.5样品，采用热/光分析法分析了样品中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）组分含量，使用最小相关系数法估算了二次有机碳（SOC）浓度，并利用相关分析及正定矩阵因子分析法（PMF）研究了各城市PM_2.5中碳质组分的来源。结果表明：采样期间各城市OC、EC的平均浓度分别为（13.5±5.7），（8.0±4.4）μg/m³，均呈阳泉（（17.3±4.5），（13.6±3.0）μg/m³）>太原（（16.5±7.0），（7.8±4.2）μg/m³）>长治（（12.8±4.0），（7.7±2.8）μg/m³）>晋城（（8.3±2.9），（2.9±1.3）μg/m³）的空间分布特点。各城市OC、EC与气态污染物SO₂、NO₂和CO均显著相关，表明燃煤源和机动车尾气对碳质组分的影响较大。OC和SOC与相对湿度均呈显著正相关，各城市SOC在OC的占比排序为太原（48%）>长治（45%）>晋城（36%）>阳泉（34%），与相对湿度一致，说明各城市冬季SOC的形成可能主要来自液相反应。PMF解析结果显示：各城市冬季PM_2.5中碳质组分主要来源于燃煤源（24.2%~30.4%）、汽油车尾气（21.0%~30.9%）、柴油车尾气（16.1%~24.3%）和扬尘源（17.2%~20.5%），其中燃煤源对长治冬季PM_2.5中碳质组分的贡献（30.4%）高于其他3个城市，汽油车尾气对太原的贡献（30.9%）高于其他城市，而柴油车尾气（24.3%）和扬尘（20.5%）对阳泉的贡献均高于其他城市。
- PM_2.5 /
- 有机碳 /
- 元素碳 /
- 二次有机碳 /
- 来源解析
Abstract: Taiyuan, Yangquan, Changzhi, and Jincheng are four cities in Shanxi province in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas. To study the characteristics and sources of the carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 in winter, PM_2.5 samples were collected simultaneously from November 15 to December 31, 2017, and then the organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) component contents of the samples were analyzed following the thermal/optical reflection protocol. The concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC) was estimated using the minimum phase relation number method(MRS), and the source of carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 was conducted using correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization(PMF). The average concentrations of OC and EC were(13.5±5.7) μg/m³ and(8.0±4.4) μg/m³ for each city during the sampling period, showing the spatial distribution order of Yangquan((17.3±4.5),(13.6±3.0) μg/m³)>Taiyuan((16.5±7.0),(7.8±4.2) μg/m³)> Changzhi((12.8±4.0),(7.7±2.8) μg/m³) >Jincheng((8.3±2.9),(2.9±1.3) μg/m³). OC and EC were significantly correlated with gaseous pollutants SO₂, NO₂ and CO in each city, indicating that coal-combustion and motor vehicle exhaust had a greater influence on the carbonaceous components. Both OC and SOC were significantly and positively correlated with relative humidity, and the ranking of SOC/OC was Taiyuan(48%)>Changzhi(45%)>Jincheng(36%)>Yangquan(34%), which was consistent with relative humidity in each city, indicating that the formation of SOC in winter in each city might mainly come from liquid phase reactions. The results of PMF analysis showed that carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 in winter in each city mainly originated from coal-combustion sources(24.2%~30.4%), gasoline vehicle exhaust(21.0%~30.9%), diesel vehicle exhaust(16.1%~24.3%), and dust sources(17.2%~20.5%). The contribution of coal-combustion to carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 in winter was higher in Changzhi(30.4%) than in the other three cities, gasoline vehicle exhaust was higher in Taiyuan(30.9%) than in the other cities, while diesel vehicle exhaust(24.3%) and dust sources(20.5%) were both higher in Yangquan than in the other cities.
- PM_2.5 /
- organic carborn (OC) /
- elemental carbon (EC) /
- secondary organic carbon /
- source apportionment

HTML全文

参考文献(35)

[1]	PACHAURI T,SINGLA V,SATSANGI A,et al.Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols with special reference to episodic events at Agra,India[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,128:98-110.
[2]	李冬,陈建华,张凯,等.保定市春季道路扬尘颗粒物中碳组分特征及来源分析[J].环境污染与防治,2020,42(10):1293-1297.
[3]	姜建芳,侯丽丽,齐梦溪,等.天津市采暖季PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源分析[J].生态环境学报,2020,29(6):1181-1188.
[4]	徐建伟,王晓丽,于高峰,等.冬季PM_2.5中碳质组分与水溶性离子特征分析[J].环境工程,2018,36(8):98-101 ,112.
[5]	李恒庆,丁椿,潘光,等.济南市居住区采暖季大气PM_2.5中碳组分构成及变化分析[J].生态环境学报,2019,28(9):1810-1817.
[6]	张菊,林瑜,乔玉红,等.成都市西南郊区夏秋季PM_2.5碳组分化学特征[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):100-104.
[7]	丁峰朱,志锋陆,晓波,等.2014-2018年南京PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2020,36(2):165-172.
[8]	董贵明,唐贵谦,张军科,等.北京南部城区PM_2.5中碳质组分特征[J].环境科学,2020,1(14):1-14.
[9]	郭安可,郭照冰,张海潇,等.南京北郊冬季PM_2.5中水溶性离子以及碳质组分特征分析[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):248-256.
[10]	程渊,刘保双,毕晓辉,等.天津市区夏冬季环境空气PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(9):3394-3405.
[11]	JI D,YAN Y,WANG Z,et al.Two-year continuous measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in urban Beijing,China:Temporal variations,characteristics and source analyses[J].Chemosphere,2018,200:191-200.
[12]	张家营,刘保双,毕晓辉,等.菏泽市冬季大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中碳组分来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(11):1670-1679.
[13]	薛凡利,牛红亚,武振晓,等.邯郸市PM_2.5中碳组分的污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2020,40(5):1885-1894.
[14]	田鹏山,曹军骥,韩永明,等.关中地区冬季PM_2.5中碳气溶胶的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):427-433.
[15]	山西省生态环境厅.2017年山西省环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-7-5 ].https://sthjt.shanxi.gov.cn/html/hjzkgb/20180705/61340.html.
[16]	环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.环境空气质量标准:GB 3095-2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[17]	张大宇,刘效峰,彭林,等.太原市PM_2.5中含碳气溶胶特征分析[J].环境化学,2019,38(12):2719-2727.
[18]	王成,闫雨龙,谢凯,等.阳泉市秋冬季PM_2.5化学组分及来源分析[J].环境科学,2020,41(3):1036-1044.
[19]	段小琳,闫雨龙,邓萌杰,等.长治市冬季典型大气重污染过程特征分析[J].环境化学,2020,39(12):3327-3335.
[20]	中国环境监测总站.全国城市空气质量实时发布平台[EB/OL].http://113.108.142.147:20035/emcpublish/.
[21]	BROWN S G,EBERLY S,PAATERO P,et al.Methods for estimating uncertainty in PMF solutions:examples with ambient air and water quality data and guidance on reporting PMF results[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,518/519:626-635.
[22]	吴琳,沈建东,冯银厂,等.杭州市灰霾与非灰霾日不同粒径大气颗粒物来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(4):373-381.
[23]	张承中,马文静,李勇,等.西安市夏末秋初PM_2.5中碳组分分析[J].环境工程,2015,33(5):95-99.
[24]	胡起超,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.厦门市冬季大气PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J].地球与环境,2016,44(3):336-341.
[25]	刘泽珺,吴建会,张裕芬,等.菏泽市PM_2.5碳组分季节变化特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):4943-4950.
[26]	纪尚平,王丽涛,赵乐,等.邯郸市PM_2.5中碳组分的浓度,来源及其变化[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(9):37-44.
[27]	TURPIN B J,HUNTZICKER J J.Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):3527-3544.
[28]	WU C,YU J.Determination of Primary combustion source organic carbon-to-elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio using ambient OC and EC measurements:secondary OC-EC correlation minimization method[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16:5453-5465.
[29]	LIU H,WU B,LIU S,et al.A regional high-resolution emission inventory of primary air pollutants in 2012 for Beijing and the surrounding five provinces of North China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,181:20-33.
[30]	曾兆荷,张海潇,赵云卿,等.南京北郊冬夏季大气PM_2.5中水溶性有机碳的研究[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(11):3659-3667.
[31]	CAO J J,WU F,CHOW J C,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2005,5(11):3127-3137.
[32]	XU H,CAO J,CHOW J C,et al.Inter-annual variability of wintertime PM_2.5 chemical composition in Xi'an,China:evidences of changing source emissions[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,545/546:546-555.
[33]	LI X,WANG S,DUAN L,et al.Particulate and Trace Gas Emissions from Open Burning of Wheat Straw and Corn Stover in China[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2007,41:6052-6058.
[34]	CHOW J,WATSON J,KUHNS H,et al.Source profiles for industrial,mobile,and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational study[J].Chemosphere,2004,54:185-208.
[35]	LIU B S,ZHANG J Y,WANG L,et al.Characteristics and sources of the fine carbonaceous aerosols in Haikou,China[J].Atmospheric Research,2018,199:103-112.