全过程管理视角的上海市垃圾分类回顾与展望

张涛; 白冬锐; 孙煜璨; 郭含文; 杨婷; 陈坦; 王洪涛

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202203026

全过程管理视角的上海市垃圾分类回顾与展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202203026

张涛¹,
白冬锐¹,
孙煜璨¹,
郭含文^2,3,
杨婷¹,
陈坦^1, ,,
王洪涛²

1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081;
2. 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084;
3. 中国城市建设研究院有限公司, 北京 100120

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903000

2019YFC1906000)

中央民族大学校级青年教师科研能力提升计划项目(2021QNPY82)

中央民族大学校级交叉学科研究专项(2020MDJC18)

详细信息

作者简介:
张涛(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固体废物处理与处置。zt6260muc@163.com

通讯作者:
陈坦(1986-),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为固体废物处理与处置。chentan05@tsinghua.org.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 276
- HTML全文浏览量: 61
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-07

REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION IN SHANGHAI FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Environment School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. China Urban Construction Design&Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100120, China

摘要

摘要: 为掌握分类投放全面推广对城市生活垃圾全过程管理的影响,系统回顾了上海生活垃圾分类的推行历程,从生命周期角度预测了不同分类水平下上海生活垃圾处理与处置的环境效应。上海垃圾分类经历了试点、推广、调整、强制推广4个阶段,指导思路从资源化主导转变为"减量化、资源化、无害化"并行,减量效果从调整阶段开始逐渐显现,其他垃圾热值提高。在模拟的8种场景中,当湿垃圾、可回收物、其他垃圾混合投放并处置时,总环境影响潜值最高,达到1.22×10^-13 PET₂₀₀₀/t;湿垃圾、可回收物、其他垃圾分出量占比分别为30%、20%和50%时(上海市生活垃圾厌氧消化、焚烧和回收的最大处理能力分别占总处理能力的25%、60%和15%),可实现原生垃圾零填埋,并获得最佳环境效益,环境影响潜值降为8.13×10^-14 PET₂₀₀₀/t。从生活垃圾全过程管理角度看,分类投放是前提条件,配套适当的处理处置设施才能更好地显现环境效益优势。
- 生活垃圾分类 /
- 上海 /
- 全过程管理 /
- 环境影响潜值
Abstract: In order to assess the impact of mandatory municipal solid waste (MSW) classification on urban MSW integrated management, the implementation process of Shanghai MSW classification was reviewed, and the environmental effects of Shanghai's MSW integrated management under different classification levels were predicted, with the idea of life cycle assessment. Shanghai's MSW classification has gone through four stages, including pilot, promotion, adjustment and compulsory promotion. The guiding idea has changed from Recycling to Reduction, Recycling and Harmless. The effect of reduction gradually emerges from the adjustment stage, and the calorific value of residual waste increases. In the 8 simulated scenarios, when wet waste, recyclable waste and residual waste were mixed into and disposed of, the total environmental impact potential value was the highest, reaching 1.22×10^-13 PET₂₀₀₀/t. When the proportion of wet waste, recyclables and residual waste was respectively 30%, 20% and 50% (the maximum treatment capacity of anaerobic digestion, incineration and recycling of MSW in Shanghai accounted for 25%, 60%, 15% of the total treatment capacity), none of the native MSW was directly disposed by landfilling, and the environmental effect could be optimized with 8.13×10^-14 PET₂₀₀₀/t. From the perspective of whole-process management of MSW, classified delivery is a prerequisite, and supporting appropriate treatment and disposal facilities can better show its advantages of environmental benefit.
- municipal solid waste classification /
- Shanghai /
- integrated management /
- environmental impact potential

HTML全文

参考文献(24)

[1]	ARANTES V, ZOU C, CHE Y. Coping with waste:a government-NGO collaborative governance approach in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020, 259:109653.
[2]	NIE Y Y, WU Y J, ZHAO J B, et al. Is the finer the better for municipal solid waste (MSW) classification in view of recyclable constituents?:a comprehensive social, economic and environmental analysis[J]. Waste Management, 2018, 79:472-480.
[3]	TAI J, ZHANG W Q, CHE Y, et al. Municipal solid waste source-separated collection in China:a comparative analysis[J]. Waste Management, 2011, 31(8):1673-1682.
[4]	闫秋鹤,王洪涛,刘彦廷.应用含水率评价厨余垃圾和其他垃圾的分类效果和垃圾的能源利用效率:以张家港市为例[J].环境工程, 2021, 39(2):105-109 , 159.
[5]	马长永.垃圾热值及成分变化对焚烧炉的影响[J].环境工程, 2009, 27(6):102-104.
[6]	瞿兆舟,生活垃圾焚烧炉炉膛设计分析[J].环境卫生工程, 2016, 24(4):61-63 , 66.
[7]	ZHOU H, MENG A H, LONG Y Q. An overview of characteristics of municipal solid waste fuel in China:physical, chemical composition and heating value[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 36:107-122.
[8]	金宜英,邴君妍,罗恩华,等.基于分类趋势下的我国生活垃圾处理技术展望[J].环境工程, 2019, 37(9):149-153 , 130.
[9]	仲颖.全力打造上海"垃圾分类新时尚"——写在《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》实施一周年之际[J].上海人大月刊, 2020(7):25-27.
[10]	奚慧.上海市生活垃圾全程分类体系建设现状分析及对策建议[J].环境卫生工程, 2020, 28(3):80-85.
[11]	XIAO S J, DONG H J, GENG Y, et al. Policy impacts on municipal solid waste management in Shanghai:a system dynamics model analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 262:121366.
[12]	刘意立,刘建国,蔡博峰.生命周期评价方法在生活垃圾填埋中的应用与问题分析[J].环境工程, 2016, 34(2):19-22.
[13]	郑秀君,胡彬.我国生命周期评价(LCA)文献综述及国外最新研究进展[J].科技进步与对策, 2013, 30(6):155-160.
[14]	董晓丹,夏苏湘,李晓勇.上海市松江区生活垃圾物理组分特征调查分析[J].环境卫生工程, 2015(5):26-28.
[15]	梁镇江,袁剑刚,张伟,等. 2种生活垃圾资源化处理技术的环境影响分析——基于生命周期评价法[J].环境卫生工程, 2019, 27(2):8-14.
[16]	王希超,丁世刚,吕艳菲.基于全生命周期对垃圾焚烧技术的评价[J].能源与环境, 2016(1):76-78.
[17]	ZHOU Z Z, TANG J D, DONG J, et al. Environmental performance evolution of municipal solid waste management by life cycle assessment in Hangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 227:23-33.
[18]	KULCZYCKA J, LELEK L, LEWANDOWSKA A, et al. Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management-comparison of results using different LCA models[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2015, 24(1):125-140.
[19]	CML-IE, Leiden University. CML-IA characterisation factors[DB/OL].[2018-08-07]. http://cml.leiden.edu/software/date-cmlia.html.
[20]	杨建新,王如松,刘晶茹.中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究[J].环境科学学报, 2001, 21(2):234-237.
[21]	LIU J, MA X Q. The analysis on energy and environmental impacts of microalgae-based fuel methanol in China[J]. Energy Policy, 2009, 37(4):1479-1488.
[22]	施振国,李经中,傅元笙,等.上海市生活垃圾管理立法研究(总报告)[R]. 1999年政府法制研究.上海市行政法制研究所, 1999:251-276.
[23]	杨永乐,乐毅全.对上海垃圾资源化利用若干产业政策探讨[J].环境卫生工程, 2001,9(3):145-152.
[24]	赵喆超.如何实行生活垃圾分类——回顾上海市生活垃圾分类实施方法[J].中国市场, 2019(6):27-29.[25] 吴双金.上海市社区生活垃圾分类激励机制实效探索[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2016.[26] 杜瑾.上海城市居民生活垃圾分类的协同治理机制研究[D].上海:上海师范大学, 2020.[27] 姚婴,丁灵童,唐家富.上海城市生活废弃物资源化利用市场研究[J].环境卫生工程, 2000,8(4):175-177.[28] 王羽,陆雍森.居民生活垃圾分类收集的推动因素[J].环境卫生工程, 2001,9(4):191-193.[29] 沈佳璐.上海城市生活垃圾处置对策研究及其评价[D].上海:东华大学, 2006.[30] 冯肃伟,朱天恩.上海居民生活垃圾收集系统的变化和发展[J].上海建设科技, 1998(2):3-5.[31] 贾悦,董晓丹,夏苏湘,等.上海市分类垃圾理化特性分析及处置方式探讨[J].绿色科技, 2013(8):236-238, 244.[32] 蔡新华.上海垃圾分类标准五次"变脸"新标准将分四类[J].能源研究与利用, 2014(2):53-55.[33] ZHOU M H, SHEN S L, XU Y S, et al. New policy and implementation of municipal solid waste classification in Shanghai, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(17):3099.[34] 罗楠.上海生活垃圾分类治理模式探索[J].城乡建设, 2019(8):16-19.[35] 陈红敏.上海城市生活垃圾分类管理难点与对策[J].科学发展, 2018(1):79-86.[36 ] TONG Y Q, LIU J F, LIU S Z. China is implementing "Garbage Classification" action[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 259:113707.[37] CHI Y, DONG J, TANG Y J, et al. Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste source-separated collection and integrated waste management systems in Hangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2015,17(4):695-706.[38] DONG H J, GENG Y, YU X M, et al. Uncovering energy saving and carbon reduction potential from recycling wastes:a case of Shanghai in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 205:27-35.