农村河道微生态系统构建及原位修复底泥

王亦铭; 丁露; 徐佳莹; 石雷; 刘一帆; 梁文伯; 杨小丽

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202211008

农村河道微生态系统构建及原位修复底泥

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202211008

东南大学土木工程学院, 南京 211189

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2019YFD1100205）

详细信息

作者简介:
王亦铭(1997-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为水环境生态修复。18950666033@163.com

通讯作者:
杨小丽(1977-),女,博士,教授。主要研究方向为水环境生态修复。yangxiaoli@seu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-22
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-24

CONSTRUCTION OF MICRO-ECOSYSTEM IN RURAL RIVERS AND IN-SITU REMEDIATION ON THE SEDIMENT

School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

摘要

摘要: 我国农村河道底泥氮磷元素蓄积严重，物化修复技术存在污染物去除不彻底、易破坏水生生态系统等问题。采用生物生态修复技术不仅能抑制底泥污染释放，还能恢复水生生态系统，强化水体自净功能。构建了由"玉米秸秆生物炭固定化脱氮菌-苦草/伊乐藻-中华田园螺"组合的泥水界面复合微生态系统，并探究了该系统对底泥和上覆水中污染物的去除效果及对底泥微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明：复合微生态系统能有效降低底泥中的氮磷污染，运行62 d后底泥OM、TN和TP去除率分别为85.41%、77.40%和54.98%，可将OM、TN、TP严重污染水平的底泥分别修复至轻度污染、中度污染和清洁水平；同时微生态系统对上覆水氮素具有较好的去除效果，上覆水NH₄⁺-N、TN浓度均达到GB 3838—2018《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水标准。微生态系统的构建提高了河道底泥系统中的生物多样性，底泥污染的Chloroflexi （绿弯菌门）相对丰度降低，具有降解污染物能力的Proteobacteria （变形菌门）相对丰度提高。
- 微生态系统 /
- 农村河道 /
- 玉米秸秆生物炭 /
- 底泥原位修复 /
- 上覆水 /
- 水质
Abstract: The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in rural river sediments in China is serious, and the existing physical and chemical remediation technology has some problems, such as incomplete removal of pollutants and easy destruction of the aquatic ecosystem. The adoption of biological ecological remediation technology can not only inhibit the release of sediment pollution, but also restore the aquatic ecosystem and strengthen the self-purification function of water bodies. In this paper, a sediment-water interface micro-ecosystem with corn straw biochar immobilizing denitrification bacteria, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii-snail was constructed, and the removal effect of pollutants in sediment and overlying water, and the effect on the microbial community structure of sediment were investigated. The results showed that the composite micro-ecosystem could effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from the sediment. After 62 days of operation, the removal efficiencies of TN and TP from the sediment were 77.40% and 54.98%, respectively. The sediment with severe pollution level of TN, TP, and organic matters could be restored to the level of mild, moderate and clean, respectively. At the same time, the micro-ecosystem had a good removal effect on nitrogen in overlying water, and the concentration of NH₄⁺-N and TN in overlying water reached the class Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. The construction of the micro-ecosystem improved the biodiversity of the river sediment system, and the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which indicates the pollution of sediment, got decreased, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, which is capable of degrading pollutants, got increased.
- microecosystem /
- rural river /
- straw-based biochar /
- in-situ remediation /
- overlying water /
- water quality

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