北方寒区焚烧发电厂垃圾发酵渗滤液中有机物变化规律

陈正瑞; 张适; 尹琳琳; 张军; 董建锴; 金涛; 周红; 瞿鹏; 冯佳子; 王树涛

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202303013

北方寒区焚烧发电厂垃圾发酵渗滤液中有机物变化规律

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202303013

陈正瑞¹,
张适²,
尹琳琳¹,
张军^1, ,,
董建锴²,
金涛³,
周红³,
瞿鹏³,
冯佳子³,
王树涛¹

1. 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院, 哈尔滨 150090;
2. 哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院, 哈尔滨 150090;
3. 中国电建集团核电工程有限公司, 济南 250102

基金项目:

北镇中电环保发电项目(17-F1921)

国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100300)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈正瑞(1999-),男,在读硕士,主要研究方向为固体废弃物处理与资源化技术。2512396016@qq.com

通讯作者:
张军(1983-),男,副教授,主要研究方向为有机固废深度处理与资源回收。hitsunyboy@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-01

PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MATTER IN ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION LEACHATE FROM A DOMESTIC WASTE INCINERATION POWER PLANT IN THE COLD REGION IN NORTHERN CHINA

1. School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
2. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
3. China Power Construction Group Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan 250102, China

摘要

摘要: 北方寒冷地区冬季冰冻垃圾不易脱水,严重影响焚烧发电厂入炉垃圾的焚烧效率,已成为影响寒区垃圾焚烧发电行业发展的难题。主要围绕寒区焚烧发电厂中储坑垃圾在0~10 d发酵周期内,垃圾厌氧发酵渗滤液COD、TOC、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP等指标随发酵温度(10,20,30℃)的变化规律开展研究。结果表明:10℃下,渗滤液中COD、TOC、TN、NH₄⁺-N的浓度在0~4 d内均呈快速下降趋势,TP浓度在第6天下降到最低值。随后6~10 d各指标含量逐步升高,COD、TN、NH₄⁺-N、TP在第10天达到最大值。而在20,30℃下,COD、TOC、NH₄⁺-N、TP浓度在0~3 d逐渐下降,3~7 d内各指标逐渐升高,在7~10 d内浓度逐渐下降。分析认为,发酵初期渗滤液中各指标浓度降低主要是由于垃圾中水分的析出,而发酵中期垃圾固体中大分子有机物被降解为小分子有机物并转移到渗滤液中,导致渗滤液各指标上升。在发酵后期,微生物对渗滤液中C、N、P的利用是指标浓度下降的主要原因。此外,垃圾在发酵温度高于20℃,发酵时间超过3~4 d时,垃圾中大分子纤维链断裂,有机物大量降解进入渗滤液中导致垃圾热值降低,最终影响了垃圾焚烧效果。综合考虑垃圾发酵渗滤液有机物变化、垃圾热值及储坑池容等因素,确定寒冷地区垃圾在储坑中的发酵温度和时间控制在10~20℃,堆酵3~6 d为宜。该研究结果可为深入研究寒区冰冻垃圾焚烧效率影响因素提供数据参考。
- 北方寒区 /
- 垃圾焚烧 /
- 厌氧发酵 /
- 渗滤液有机物
Abstract: The frozen garbage in the waste incineration plant of northern China is usually difficult to dehydrate in winter, which seriously affects the efficiency of waste incineration, and has become a bottleneck problem limiting the development of the waste incineration industry. This study focused on the changes of COD, TOC, NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP in the leachate during anaerobic fermentation of garbage waste under the fermentation temperature of 10 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ in the waste storage pit of incineration plant for 10 days. The results showed that at 10 ℃, the concentrations of COD, TOC, TN and NH₄⁺-N in leachate all decreased rapidly within 4 days, and the TP concentration decreased to the minimum value on day 6th. Then the organic indexes gradually increased later and reached the maximum on day 10th. At 20 ℃ and 30 ℃, COD, TOC, NH₄⁺-N and TP concentration decreased gradually in first three days, then increased gradually in the 3rd to 7th day, and decreased gradually in the 7th to 10th day. It was found that the decrease of organic concentration in the leachate at the initial stage was mainly due to the moisture precipitation in the garbage. In the middle stage, macromolecular organic matter in the garbage was degraded into smaller molecular matter and transferred into leachate, and organic matter concentration in leachate increased. In the later stage, the utilization of C, N and P in leachate by microorganisms was the main reason for the decline of each parameter. In addition, when the fermentation temperature of garbage was higher than 20 ℃, and the fermentation time was longer than 3 to 4 days, the macromolecular fiber chain in the garbage was broken, and a large amount of organic matter was degraded and entered the leachate, leading to the decrease of garbage calorific value, affecting the garbage incineration effect. Finally, after comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, such as the change of organic matter in fermentation leachate, the calorific value of waste and the capacity of waste storage pits, it was confirmed that the garbage fermentation temperature and time in storage pit in cold areas should be controlled at 10 to 20 ℃ for 3 to 6 days. The research can provide reference for further research on influencing factors of frozen waste incineration efficiency in cold regions in China.
- cold region /
- waste incineration /
- anaerobic fermentation /
- organic matter in leachate

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参考文献(15)

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