Abstract: This study aimed at the designed experiment of bacterial community succession in the fermentation process of domestic waste in winter in severe cold areas, and explored the changes in organic matter content and temperature response characteristics of bacterial community succession law, under different temperatures (0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 ℃). The results showed that organic matter content in leachate decreased first and then increased at 0~40 ℃. The higher the temperature, the higher the initial COD value of the organic matter in leachate on the 3rd day; the decrease range increased from the 3rd to 6th day, and the recovery and increase range also increased from the 6th to 10th day. Through microbial sequencing, it was found that firmicutes was the dominant phyla, accounting for 64.41% to 99.74% of the total, and lactobacillus is the dominant specie, accounting for 13.18% to 96.95%. Under a fermentation temperature of 0 ℃, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased rapidly, and Weissella became the dominant specie. But under other temperatures, the abundance of lactobacillus all exceeded 68.92%. The results showed that the type and quantity of bacteria in garbage samples were significantly affected by fermentation temperature. The quantity of Lactobacillus showed an upward trend at 15 ℃ and above, with the largest increase range at 30 ℃. At the same time, the increase of lactobacillus also enhanced the degradation of organic matter and significantly inhibited other bacteria, enhancing the degradation of organic compounds. For facilitating waste incineration into the incinerator, combined with the energy consumption of waste thawing, it was recommended to set the temperature of waste storage pool at 15 to 20 ℃.