汞污染场地特征识别与健康风险研究

赵彬; 彭天玥; 张昊; 王刘炜; 宗汶静; 侯德义

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202304028

汞污染场地特征识别与健康风险研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202304028

赵彬^1,2,
彭天玥³,
张昊⁴,
王刘炜¹,
宗汶静¹,
侯德义^1, ,

1. 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084;
2. 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所, 广州 510650;
3. 中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局, 广州 510075;
4. 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012

基金项目:

广东省科学院发展专项资金(2022GDASZH-2022010105)

国家自然科学基金项目(42077118)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵彬(1991-),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事污染场地风险评价与绿色管控技术研发。zhaobinbeikeda@163.com

通讯作者:
侯德义(1980-),男,教授,博士,博导,主要从事污染土壤和地下水的绿色及可持续修复研究。houdeyi@tsinghua.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-01

CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY CONTAMINATED SITES

1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
3. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China;
4. Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China

摘要

摘要: 汞污染场地特征识别与风险管控是《关于汞的水俣公约》中重要的履约计划。围绕当前我国场地尺度汞污染特征不清、风险管理模式不健全的问题,深入研究了人为活动汞的物质流向与管控行业场地潜在的污染途径,系统分析了当前场地尺度汞的主要来源、赋存形态、空间迁移与形态转化,并以原生汞矿选冶矿山作为典型汞污染场地,构建了场地概念模型并对风险评价与分类管控对策进行研究。结果表明:我国汞污染场地多存在于原矿开采、汞触媒、氯碱、聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)、废物处置等有意汞排放行业,以及燃煤电厂、有色金属、水泥生产等无意汞排放行业。场地中的汞以无机和有机复杂形态赋存,并可发生介质间迁移与形态间的转化,对场地风险的精准评估形成挑战。汞污染场地潜在暴露情景的场地概念模型表明:汞可通过经口、呼吸、饮水、饮食等多途径进入人体并形成不可接受的健康风险。根据国外场地风险评价理论与管理实践,并结合我国的实际情况,提出基于汞生物化学转化过程的精准风险评价与风险优先级相适应的分类修复/风险管控,以期成为一种科学规范、环境友好、可持续的汞污染场地风险管理对策。最后对汞污染场地风险评价方法与管控对策研究的发展方向作出展望。
- 汞 /
- 污染场地 /
- 概念模型 /
- 风险管控 /
- 场地管理
Abstract: Characteristic identification and risk management of mercury-contaminated sites are an important implementation plan of the Minamata Convention on Mercury(the Convention). Focusing on the scientific problems regarding unclear characteristics of site-scale mercury pollution and inadequate risk management system, life-cycle Hg flow along with potential contamination pathways within different anthropogenic activities were studied systematically. Site characteristics, consisting of sources, emission, transport and transformation, were discussed on a typical Hg-contaminated site from Hg ore mining and smelting, where a conceptual site model was constructed and systematic management strategies were studied. Research results showed that mercury-contaminated sites were related to intentional discharge activities, including ore mining, mercury catalysts, Chlor-alkali, polyvinyl chloride, treatment of Hg-containing waste, etc., and unintentional discharge activities, including coal-fired power plants, non-ferrous metal smelting, cement production. Inorganic and organic mercury species at a site scale undergone the biogeochemistry cycling of spatial migration and specie transformations, which were required to be considered in further risk assessment. Meanwhile, a conceptual site model (CSM) was established based on the exposure scenario of a typical mercury-contaminated site. It indicated that mercury posed health risks to the human body via various exposure routes, including oral ingestion, inhalation, water drinking, and food intake. Sophisticated risk assessment methods and feasible risk control strategies were discussed based on the practical experiences of the developed countries and actual situation of China. It was concluded that accurate risk assessment based on the mercury biochemical transformation process and risk priority-based classified restoration/risk management might become a scientific, standardized, environmentally friendly and sustainable risk management for mercury-contaminated sites. This work provided a significant basis for site classification and management strategy, which might improve the fulfillment capacity towards the Convention. Finally, the development trend and outlook in risk management of mercury-contaminated sites were also discussed.
- mercury /
- contaminated site /
- conceptual site model /
- risk control /
- site management

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