重新审视化粪池的温室效应:回顾与展望

唐柏杨; 宣干; 杨诗瑶; 刘伟京; 薛朝霞; 操家顺; 罗景阳; 冯骞

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202307003

重新审视化粪池的温室效应:回顾与展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202307003

唐柏杨^1,2,
宣干^1,2,
杨诗瑶^1,2,
刘伟京³,
薛朝霞^1,2,
操家顺^1,2,
罗景阳^1,2,
冯骞^1,2, ,

1. 河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室, 南京 210098;
2. 河海大学环境学院, 南京 210098;
3. 江苏省环境科学研究院(江苏省环境工程重点实验室), 南京 210036

基金项目:

江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项基金（BE2022861）

详细信息

作者简介:
唐柏杨(1999-),男,硕士在读,主要研究方向为污水收集系统碳排放监测与控制。1483956881@qq.com

通讯作者:
冯骞(1977-),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向为污水处理与资源化利用。xiaofq@hhu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 113
- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-09

REEXAMINING THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF SEPTIC TANK: EVIEW AND PROSPECTS

TANG Baiyang^1,2,
XUAN Gan^1,2,
YANG Shiyao^1,2,
LIU Weijing³,
XUE Zhaoxia^1,2,
CAO Jiashun^1,2,
LUO Jingyang^1,2,
FENG Qian^{1,2
, ,}

1. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Management and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
3. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China

摘要

摘要: 化粪池作为一种关键的初级污水处理设置单元，其因厌氧反应产生的大量甲烷（CH₄）及部分氧化亚氮（N₂O）等温室气体，使其成为污水系统碳排放中的重要一环。目前许多研究都在因此呼吁逐步取缔化粪池，但鲜见深入且全面探讨化粪池的温室效应的研究。综述分析表明：化粪池产生的CH₄及N₂O均存在较大时空变异性，且N₂O实际排放情况仍待进一步考证；从全生命周期碳排放的视角来看，日常维护清掏产生的间接碳排放，以及取缔化粪池后对后续系统在碳排放方面产生的潜在影响仍值得深入探析。就具体温室气体排放能力而言，由于国内外化粪池功能定位不同等原因，国内测算值约为8.3 g CH₄/（cap·d），低于国外普遍的11.0 g CH₄/（cap·d）。就目前研究状况而言，估计核算类研究普遍存在参数不确定性较大，地区异质性强等问题，国内在实地监测类研究方面暂时"空白"，且在线监测的缺乏导致温室气体的时空变异性也并未得到细化描述。综上，亟待开展对中国地区化粪池的广泛监测与核算评估等工作，这将有助于指明未来化粪池的发展方向。
- 化粪池 /
- 温室效应 /
- 碳排放 /
- 甲烷 /
- 氧化亚氮
Abstract: As a key primary wastewater treatment unit, septic tanks significantly contribute to the carbon emissions of wastewater systems due to the production of greenhouse gases, such as large amounts of methane (CH₄) and some nitrous oxide (N₂O) from anaerobic reactions. Many studies are therefore calling for the phasing out of septic tanks, but few studies explore the greenhouse effect of septic tanks in-depth and comprehensively. In fact, a review of the greenhouse effect of septic tanks could help point the way to the future of septic tanks. The review shows that there is considerable spatial and temporal variability in both CH₄ and N₂O emissions from septic tanks, and that the actual N₂O emissions need to be further verified; the indirect carbon emissions from routine maintenance and emptying and the potential impact of septic tank removal on subsequent systems in terms of carbon emissions are still worthy of further analysis, from an LCA carbon perspective. In terms of specific greenhouse gas emission capacity, due to the different functions of septic tanks in China and abroad, the domestic estimate is about 8.3 g CH₄/(cap·d), lower than the 11.0 g CH₄/(cap·d) commonly estimated abroad. Finally, in terms of the shortcomings of the current research, there are generally significant parameter uncertainties and regional heterogeneity in the estimation and accounting studies, and there is a temporary "gap" in the field monitoring studies in China, as well as a lack of online monitoring, resulting in the spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gases not being described in detail. In this regard, there is an urgent need for extensive monitoring and accounting of septic tanks in China to clarify the phasing out of septic tanks.
- septic tank /
- greenhouse effect /
- carbon emission /
- methane /
- nitrous oxide

HTML全文

参考文献(27)

[1]	郝晓地,杨文宇,林甲.不可小觑的化粪池甲烷碳排量[J].中国给水排水, 2017, 33(10):28-33.
[2]	黄冬,蒋松竹,刘秀红,等.我国城市化粪池建设与管理现状及特征研究[J].环境卫生工程, 2017, 25(6):84-88.
[3]	郝晓地,赵靖,李俊奇.集中式污水处理厂取代化粪池可行性分析[J].水资源保护, 2006,22(4):85-87.
[4]	姚高洪.取消化粪池与温室气体减排[J].四川建筑, 2007,27(4):45-46.
[5]	LEVERENZ H L, TCHOBANOGLOUS G, DARBY J L.Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems[M].Alexandria, VA:Water Environment Research Foundation, 2010.
[6]	THRUHLAR A M, Rahm B G, BROOKS R A, et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from septic systems in New York State[J].Journal of Environmental Quality, 2016, 45(4):1153-1160.
[7]	郝晓地,孙群,李季,等.排水管道甲烷产生影响因素及其估算方法[J].中国给水排水, 2022, 38(20):1-7.
[8]	苑心,李轩,胡言午,等.隐形的地下碳源:城市排水管道CH₄排放[J].给水排水, 2022, 58(9):139-146.
[9]	郝晓地,杨振理,张益宁,等.排水管道中CH₄、H₂S与N₂O的产生机制及其控制策略[J].环境工程学报, 2023, 17(1):1-12.
[10]	WILHELM S R, CHIFFS S L, CHERRY J A.Biogeochemical evolution of domestic waste water in septic systems:1.conceptual model[J].Groundwater, 1994, 32(6):905-916.
[11]	HUYNH L T, HARADA H, FUJII S, et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from blackwater septic systems[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2021, 55(2):1209-1217.
[12]	中国城镇供水排水协会.城镇水务系统碳核算与减排路径[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2022.
[13]	DIAZ-VALBUENA L R, LEVERENZ H L, CAPPA C D, et al.Methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide emissions from septic tank systems[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(7):2741-2747.
[14]	IPCC.2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories[S].2019.
[15]	SHAW K, KENNEDY C, DOREA C C.Non-sewered sanitation systems' global greenhouse gas emissions:balancing sustainable development goal tradeoffs to end open defecation[J].Sustainability, 2021, 13(21):11884.
[16]	CHENG S K, LONG J Y, EVANS B, et al.Non-negligible greenhouse gas emissions from non-sewered sanitation systems:a meta-analysis[J].Environmental Research, 2022, 212:113468.
[17]	KINNICUTT L P, WINSLOW C E A, PRATT R W, et al.Sewage Disposal[M].John Wiley and Sons:New York, 1910.
[18]	LIU Y W, SHARMA K R, MURTHY S, et al.On-line monitoring of methane in sewer air[J].Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1):6637.
[19]	LIU Y W, SHARMA K R, FLUGGEN M, et al.Online dissolved methane and total dissolved sulfide measurement in sewers[J].Water Research, 2015, 68:109-118.
[20]	TRUHLAR A M, ORTEGA K L, WALTER M T.Seasonal and diel variation in greenhouse gas emissions from septic system leach fields[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 16:6043-6052.
[21]	SOMLAI-HAASE C, KNAPPE J, GILL L.Carbon dioxide emissions from a septic tank soakaway in a northern maritime climate[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586:485-491.
[22]	SOMLAI-HASSE C, KNAPPE J, GILL L.Spatial and temporal variation of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from a septic tank soakaway[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 679:185-195.
[23]	HUTCHINSON G L, LIVINGSTON G P.Use of chamber systems to measure trace gas fluxes[J].Agricultural Ecosystem Effects on Trace Gases and Global Climate Change, 1993, 55:63-78.
[24]	黄建洪.城市生活排水系统废气产排污系数核算研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2013.
[25]	王钊越,赵夏滢,唐琳慧,等.城市污水收集与处理系统碳排放监测评估技术研究进展[J].环境工程, 2022, 40(6):77-82 , 161.
[26]	WINNEBERGER J H T.Septic-Tank Systems:A Consultant's Toolkit[M].Butterworth-Heinemann, 1984.
[27]	SASSE L.DEWATS:decentralised wastewater treatment in developing countries[M].BORDA, Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association, 1998.