RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CO2 GEOLOGICAL STORAGE LEAKAGE AND MONITORING
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摘要: CO2泄漏是威胁CCUS地质封存项目长期安全运行的主要因素,有效的安全监测体系是开展项目风险管理、决策制定的基础。CO2主要通过井筒、盖层、断层或裂缝3种途径泄漏,不同途径泄漏特征存在一定差异,监测手段也有所不同。基于原理、优劣势、发展趋势等多方面梳理了CO2环境监测、安全监测及运移监测3类监测方法,涵盖大气、近地表、浅部地层、地表形变、地层形变、地应力、井筒完整性、井筒腐蚀、CO2地下运移等监测技术;概述了国内外典型项目监测技术的发展情况,为我国未来开展碳封存工程提供参考和借鉴。现有监测方法众多,单一监测技术难以满足工程需求,高精度原位在线环境监测、组合式协同智能安全监测、长期性连续动态运移监测将有望成为未来研究的重点。建议在高精度、低成本、可实时监测的基础上,构建集“空间层位、安全运移”为一体的监测体系。Abstract: CO2 leakage is the main factor threatening the long-term safe operation of CCUS geological storage projects, and an effective safety monitoring system is the basis of project risk management and decision-making. CO2 mainly escapes through three pathways:wellbore, cap rock, fault, or fracture. As different pathways pose different leakage characteristics, different monitoring methods are required. Based on the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and development trends, three main monitoring methods, i.e. CO2 environment monitoring, safety monitoring, and migration monitoring were summarized, covering the following monitoring technologies, such as atmosphere, near surface, shallow formation, surface deformation, geological deformation, ground stress, well integrity, wellbore corrosion, and underground CO2 migration. The development of monitoring technologies for typical projects, at home and abroad was summarized, which can provide reference for future carbon sequestration engineering projects in China. It is difficult for a single monitoring technology to meet total engineering needs. High-precision in-situ online environmental monitoring, integrated with intelligent safety monitoring, and long-term continuous dynamic migration monitoring is expected to become future research's focus. It is suggested to build a monitoring system integrating spatial horizon and safe migration, based on high precision, low cost, and real-time monitoring.
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