医疗废物小型化原位处置发展现状及商业模式分析

陈冠益; 杨皓杰; 孙昱楠; 张筝; 杜红; 李健; 程占军; 颜蓓蓓

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202409027

医疗废物小型化原位处置发展现状及商业模式分析

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202409027

陈冠益^1,2,
杨皓杰¹,
孙昱楠^1, ,,
张筝³,
杜红⁴,
李健²,
程占军^2,5,
颜蓓蓓^2,5

1. 天津商业大学机械工程学院环境能源+X创新实验室, 天津 300134;
2. 天津大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300072;
3. 生态环境部环境规划院无废社会创新中心, 北京 100041;
4. 天津商业大学管理学院, 天津 300134;
5. 天津市生物质废物利用重点实验室天津市生物质燃气/油技术工程研究中心天津市有机废物安全处置与能源利用工程研究中心, 天津 300072

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3902300)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈冠益(1970-),男,教授,主要研究方向为废物清洁处置与利用。chengy@tjcu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙昱楠(1992-),女,讲师,主要研究方向为固废处置与污染物控制。sunyunan@tjcu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 35
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-02

RESEARCH OF MEDICAL WASTE MINIATURIZED IN-SITU DISPOSAL: DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND BUSINESS MODEL

1. Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment and Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;
2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
3. Center for Innovation of Zero-Waste Society, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100041, China;
4. School of Management, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;
5. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio-Gas, Oil Technology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 新冠肺炎疫情期间,全球医疗废物产生量急剧增加,同时也暴露出医疗废物应急处置缺陷。目前我国医疗废物常规处置需求已基本满足,但在应急情况、边远地区处置方面仍存在设施储备不足、管理依据缺失等问题。应对此问题,医疗废物小型化原位处置技术被广泛研发并投入应用,以解决部分地区医疗废物应急处置、远距离运输以及产生源分散等带来的环境与健康风险。基于我国医疗废物处置现状,梳理现存问题,比较分析了医疗废物小型化原位处置技术,并结合医疗废物集中处置方面的商业模式,对小型化原位处置商业模式进行探讨,以期为医疗废物小型化原位处置技术的应用与推广提供参考。
- 医疗废物 /
- 应急处置 /
- 原位处置技术 /
- 商业模式
Abstract: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the global generation of medical waste increased rapidly, and the shortcomings of emergency medical waste disposal were exposed. Currently, the demand for conventional medical waste disposal in China has been basically met. However, there are still problems such as insufficient facility reserves and a lack of management basis in emergency situations and disposal in remote areas. In response to this problem, the miniaturized in-situ disposal technology of medical waste has been widely developed and put into application, to solve the environmental and health risks caused by emergency response, long-distance transportation, and source dispersion in some areas of medical waste. Based on the current situation of medical waste disposal in China, this paper sorts out the existing problems, compares and analyzes the miniaturized in-situ disposal technology of medical waste, and discusses the business model of miniaturized in-situ disposal in combination with the business model of centralized medical waste disposal, to provide a reference for the application and promotion of miniaturized in-situ disposal technology of medical waste.
- medical waste /
- emergency disposal /
- in-situ disposal technology /
- business model

HTML全文

参考文献(56)

[1]	WINDFELD E S, BROOKS M S. Medical waste management: a review[J]. J Environ Manage, 2015, 163: 98-108.
[2]	医疗废物管理条例[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2003(21): 5-10.
[3]	卫生健康委、生态环境部. 关于印发医疗废物分类目录(2021年版)的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/02/content_5655394.htm. 2024-03-06.
[4]	国家危险废物名录(2021年版)[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2021, 1723(4): 18-46.
[5]	MOHEE R. Medical wastes characterisation in healthcare institutions in Mauritius[J]. Waste Management, 2005, 25(6): 575-581.
[6]	EL-RAMADY H, BREVIK E C, ELBASIOUNY H, et al. Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2021, 193(9): 592.
[7]	ZHAO H L, WANG L, LIU F, et al. Energy, environment and economy assessment of medical waste disposal technologies in China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2021, 796: 148964.
[8]	ZHAO H L, LIU H Q, WEI G X, et al. Comparative life cycle assessment of emergency disposal scenarios for medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in China[J]. Waste Management, 2021, 126: 388-399.
[9]	KLEMEŠ J J, FAN Y V, TAN R R, et al. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 127:109883.
[10]	生态环境部. 通报全国医疗废物、医疗废水处置和环境监测情况[EB/OL]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk15/202005/t20200512_778726.html. 2024-03-06.
[11]	肖信彤, 唐剑云, 邱泽东, 等. 新冠肺炎疫情期间武汉市医疗废物应急处置研究[J]. 环境工程,2023,41(5):195-201.
[12]	卫生健康委网站. 关于印发对新型冠状病毒感染实施"乙类乙管"总体方案的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-12/27/content_5733739.htm. 2024-03-06.
[13]	周小莉, 郭春霞, 时翔明, 等. 重大疫情期间医疗废物应急处置中的问题及建议[J]. 环境工程学报, 2020, 14(7): 1705-1709 ,1702.
[14]	国家环境保护总局. 关于印发《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》的通知[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/zj/wj/200910/t20091022_172261.htm. 2024-03-06.
[15]	生态环境部. 2020年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/gtfwwrfz/. 2024-03-06.
[16]	WEI Y J, CUI M, YE Z H, et al. Environmental challenges from the increasing medical waste since SARS outbreak[J]. J Clean Prod, 2021, 291: 125246.
[17]	陈扬, 吴安华, 冯钦忠, 等. 医疗废物处理处置技术与源头分类对策[J]. 中国感染控制杂志, 2012, 11(6): 401-404.
[18]	孙宁, 任志远, 孙添伟, 等. "十三五"医疗废物综合管理思路与对策研究[J]. 中国环境管理, 2017, 9(3): 78-82.
[19]	CHEN Y, DING Q, YANG X L, et al. Application countermeasures of non-incineration technologies for medical waste treatment in China[J]. Waste Management Research, 2013, 31(12): 1237-1244.
[20]	陈扬, 冯钦忠, 刘俐媛, 等. 新时期医疗废物处置技术体系的变革及发展[J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(2): 383-388.
[21]	生态环境部. 2022年中国生态环境统计年报[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/sthjtjnb/. 2024-03-06.
[22]	生态环境部. 生态环境部印发《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情医疗废物应急处置管理与技术指南(试行)》[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/29/content_5472997.htm. 2024-03-06.
[23]	张筝, 程亮, 王夏晖, 等. 我国医疗废物应急处置体系构建思路[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(7): 1683-1690.
[24]	生态环境部. 生态环境部固体废物与化学品司有关负责人就全国医疗废物产生与处置有关情况答记者问[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywdt/zbft/202206/t20220629_987078.shtml. 2024-03-06.
[25]	ZHAO H L, LIU H Q, WEI G X, et al. A review on emergency disposal and management of medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 810: 152302.
[26]	LI R R, WANG Q, LIU Y, et al. Per-capita carbon emissions in 147 countries: the effect of economic, energy, social, and trade structural changes[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2021, 27: 1149-1164.
[27]	OLI A N, EKEJINDU C C, ADJE D U, et al. Healthcare waste management in selected government and private hospitals in Southeast Nigeria[J]. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016, 6(1): 84-89.
[28]	刘兆香, 陈扬, 王琴, 等. 韩国医疗废物管理与处置经验分析及启示[J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(2): 409-417.
[29]	程亮, 张筝, 孙宁, 等. 补齐医疗废物和危险废物收集处理短板的思考和建议[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(7): 1698-1704.
[30]	李悦, 陈扬, 吴安华, 等. 我国边远地区医疗废物处置技术和管理模式探讨[J]. 中国感染控制杂志, 2019, 18(1): 83-88.
[31]	李龙媛, 金海林, 朱燕, 等. 新冠肺炎引发的医疗废物应急处置问题的思考[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2022, 45(增刊1): 345-349.
[32]	SU M, WANG Q, LI R R. How to dispose of medical waste caused by COVID-19? a case study of China[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021, 18(22): 12127.
[33]	LIU Y S, MA L L, LIU Y S, et al. Investigation of novel incineration technology for hospital waste[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(20): 6411-6417.
[34]	CHEN Y, LIU L Y, FENG Q Z, et al. Key issues study on the operation management of medical waste incineration disposal facilities[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 16: 208-213.
[35]	车瑞杰, 李继宁, 张胜田, 等. 国内外医疗废物处理主要技术应用及发展[J]. 当代化工研究, 2022(6): 54-56.
[36]	WANG J, SHEN J, YE D, et al. Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 262: 114665.
[37]	OHTSU Y, ONODA K, KAWASHITA H, et al. A comparison of microwave irradiation, electric, and hybrid heating for medical plastic-waste treatment[J]. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2011, 3(3): 033106.
[38]	LIU J, LI H R, LIU Z B, et al. Study on the process of medical waste disinfection by microwave technology[J]. Waste Management, 2022, 150: 13-19.
[39]	生态环境部. 医疗废物微波消毒集中处理工程技术规范:HJ 229—2021[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/other/hjbhgc/202106/t20210616_839121.shtml. 2024-03-06.
[40]	于伟安, 冯钦忠, 雍毅, 等. 移动式医疗废物原位消毒处理工艺和效果比较[J]. 环境工程学报, 2023, 17(7): 2314-2323.
[41]	周小莉, 郭春霞, 刘德杰, 等. 可移动式医疗废物微波消毒处理设施的应急处置实践[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2021, 29(6): 23-26.
[42]	生态环境部. 医疗废物高温蒸汽消毒集中处理工程技术规范:HJ 276—2021[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/other/hjbhgc/202106/t20210616_839122.shtml. 2024-03-06.
[43]	邬悦. 医疗废物高温蒸汽消毒工程应用研究[J]. 广东化工, 2023, 50(16): 45-47.
[44]	马婷婷. 神禾环保:移动式医疗废物处置方舱解决传染源二次扩散难题[J]. 军民两用技术与产品, 2020, (2): 22-23.
[45]	舒小明, 涂强, 陈刚, 等. 移动式医疗废物处置方舱: CN111151560B[P].2021
[46]	GHASEMI M K, YUSUFF R B M. Advantages and disadvantages of healthcare waste treatment and disposal alternatives: malaysian scenario[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016, 25(1): 17-25.
[47]	国务院办公厅关于印发强化危险废物监管和利用处置能力改革实施方案的通知[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2021, (16): 16-20.
[48]	GEISSDOERFER M, PIERONI M P P, PIGOSSO D C A, et al. Circular business models: a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 277.
[49]	吴晓波, 赵子溢. 商业模式创新的前因问题:研究综述与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(1): 114-127.
[50]	AFUAH A, TUCCI C L. Internet Business Models and Strategies: Text and Cases[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[51]	吴晓波, 张馨月, 沈华杰. 商业模式创新视角下我国半导体产业"突围"之路[J]. 管理世界, 2021, 37(3): 123-136 ,9.
[52]	国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅转发国家发展改革委、财政部《关于规范实施政府和社会资本合作新机制的指导意见》的通知[EB/OL]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202311/content_6914161.htm. 2024-03-06.
[53]	张筝, 任志远, 侯贵光, 等. DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用探讨[J]. 中国环境管理, 2016, 8(6): 95-98.
[54]	王璐. BOT模式及其主要形式比较研究[J]. 国际经济合作, 2003(11): 43-46.
[55]	李辉, 姚月姣. 浅析DBO模式下城市污水处理厂建设项目的实施[J]. 中国科技信息, 2013(8): 197,207.
[56]	徐文. DTC商业模式下企业价值链成本管理研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2023.