双极膜的工作原理及其在废水处理与资源回收领域的应用研究进展

汪晟; 王力

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202503005

双极膜的工作原理及其在废水处理与资源回收领域的应用研究进展

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503005

汪晟¹,
王力^1,2, ,

1. 同济大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200092;
2. 同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室, 上海 200092

基金项目:

上海市科委国际合作项目（23230710800）；国家海外高层次人才项目

详细信息

作者简介:
汪晟（1999-），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为双极膜电渗析污水处理与资源化技术。wang_s@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王力(1988-),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为膜法污水处理与资源化技术。li_wang_1@tongji.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-10
- 录用日期: 2025-02-08
- 修回日期: 2025-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-01

Bipolar membrane’s mechanisms and its recent advances in wastewater treatment and resource recovery

WANG Sheng¹,
WANG Li^{1,2
, ,}

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 双极膜是一种独特的离子交换膜，其结构由阳离子交换层和阴离子交换层组成，能够通过水解离机制生成质子和氢氧根离子。这一特性使得双极膜在诸多领域中具有广泛的应用前景，包括（生物）化学工业、食品加工、环境保护以及能源转换与储存等。由于其独特的结构，双极膜在电化学应用中表现优异，例如在燃料电池和电解水制氢等领域。在反向偏置条件下，双极膜能有效促进水分子的解离，从而提高电化学反应效率。双极膜在废水处理与资源回收领域展现出显著潜力。通过双极膜电渗析技术，可以有效地将高盐废水中的无机盐转化为相应的酸和碱，实现资源的回收与利用，此外，并可选择性地回收氨氮。相比传统工艺，双极膜展现了出显著的技术进步和环境友好性。该文章回顾了过去双极膜相关的研究，全面阐述了双极膜的特性、理论模型及其应用现状，并介绍了双极膜的新兴应用及其面临的一系列挑战，为未来的发展指明方向。
- 双极膜 /
- 电化学 /
- 离子传输 /
- 废水处理 /
- 资源回收
Abstract: Bipolar membranes are a unique type of ion exchange membrane composed of cation exchange layers and anion exchange layers， capable of generating protons and hydroxide ions through a hydrolysis mechanism. Bipolar membranes have a wide range of potential applications in various fields， including （bio）chemical industry， food processing， environmental protection， and energy conversion and storage. Particularly， due to their unique structure， bipolar membranes exhibit excellent performance in electrochemical applications such as fuel cells and water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Under reverse bias conditions， bipolar membranes can effectively facilitate the dissociation of water molecules， thereby increasing the efficiency of electrochemical reaction. Bipolar membranes also exhibit great potential in wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology can effectively convert the inorganic salts in high saline wastewater into the corresponding acids and bases to achieve resource recovery and reuse. In addition， the technology can selectively recover ammonia nitrogen. Compared with traditional processes， bipolar membranes show significant technological progress and environmental friendliness. This article revisits the past research related to bipolar membranes， comprehensively elucidates their characteristics， theoretical models， and current applications. In addition， emerging applications and critical challenges of bipolar membrane technologies are discussed to guide future development.
- bipolar membrane /
- electrochemistry /
- ionic transport /
- water treatment /
- resource recovery

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