人工湿地堵塞形成机制、作用效能及其防治技术研究进展

傅成锴; 胡振; 徐培培; 刘华清; 王硕; 赵倩; 赵艳辉; 张建

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

人工湿地堵塞形成机制、作用效能及其防治技术研究进展

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202503015

傅成锴¹,
胡振^1, ,,
徐培培¹,
刘华清²,
王硕¹,
赵倩¹,
赵艳辉¹,
张建^1,3

1. 山东大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266237;
2. 山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院, 山东青岛 266590;
3. 山东师范大学化学化工与材料科学学院, 济南 250014

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划课题“基于碳源高效回收的污水生物-生态耦合处理新技术研究”（2021YFC3200602）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“人工湿地基质堵塞与磷蓄积的行为特征及耦合效应研究”（52170043）

详细信息

作者简介:
傅成锴（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为人工湿地生态净化技术。202332918@mail.sdu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡振(1985-),男,教授,主要研究方向为污水生态净化。huzhen885@sdu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-05
- 录用日期: 2025-01-21
- 修回日期: 2025-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-01

Research progress on formation mechanisms, functional performance, and prevention technologies of clogging in constructed wetland

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
2. College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
3. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

摘要

摘要: 人工湿地（constructed wetland， CW）因其低廉的成本和高效的水质净化能力，在流域水环境治理以及区域再生水循环利用等领域得到了广泛应用。然而，CW在长期运行中容易发生堵塞，严重影响其处理效能并降低其使用寿命，成为限制CW规模化应用的瓶颈问题。如何快速且准确地识别堵塞成因并针对性地采取有效措施，成为保障CW长效稳定运行的关键。详细分析了堵塞形成过程对CW水质净化和固碳减排等核心功能的影响，并系统阐述了堵塞现象形成的4种机制，包括颗粒截留、化学吸附与沉淀、植物生长及微生物代谢等。同时，从水流场特性、基质物理特性以及堵塞物质特性3个维度，对常见的和可能的CW堵塞探测方法进行了全面梳理，对比了不同探测技术的优缺点。最后，从CW设计、运行、管理全流程，总结了现有的堵塞调控策略，以期为科学选择人工湿地堵塞防治措施提供参考。今后研究应聚焦于提升CW堵塞模型的准确性，推动堵塞探测技术的进步，并调控微生物的代谢活动以延缓甚至避免堵塞的发生，从而保障CW系统的长效稳定运行。
- 人工湿地 /
- 堵塞 /
- 形成机制 /
- 探测方法 /
- 堵塞防治
Abstract: Constructed wetland （CW） has been widely utilized in watershed environmental management and regional water recycling due to its low cost and high water purification efficiency. However， because of processes including nutrient accumulation， excessive microbial growth， and plant decay， CW is prone to clogging after long-term operation， which would seriously affect its water purification efficiency and reduce its service life. Thus， clogging has emerged as one of the critical bottlenecks that limits the large-scale application of CW. The capacity to rapidly and accurately identify the underlying causes of CW clogging， and subsequently implement targeted and effective measures has become the key for ensuring the long-term and stable operation of CW. In this study， a detailed analysis of the impact of clogging processes on the core functions of CW， including water purification， carbon sequestration， and greenhouse gas emission reduction， was conducted. The mechanisms for clogging formation in CW， including particle interception， chemical adsorption and precipitation， plant growth， and microbial metabolism， were systematically elucidated. Especially， the interrelationship between these mechanisms and how their interactions accelerate clogging， which ultimately leading to the degradation of the CW’s overall performance， was thoroughly analyzed. In addition， a comprehensive review was conducted on common and possible CW clogging detection methods from three dimensions， i.e.， analysis of water flow field characteristics， analysis of matrix physical characteristics， and analysis of blockage substance characteristics. Currently， various technologies have been used for clogging detection in CW， ranging from traditional tracer detection， hydraulic conductivity measurement， and hydraulic model analysis， to more advanced technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance sensors and electrical detection technology. The advantages and disadvantages of different detection techniques were compared. Finally， the existing clogging control strategies were summarized from the entire process of CW design， operation， and management， in order to provide a reference for the scientific selection of clogging prevention and control measures for CW. Pre-treatment can reduce suspended solids and organic load in wastewater， reducing the risk of clogging at the source； operational management strategies can optimize the redox environment within the substrate； and by adding chemical oxidants and biological solubilizers， the accumulation of clogging materials can be effectively decomposed or reduced. Future researches should focus on improving the accuracy of CW clogging models， promoting the advancement of clogging detection methods， and regulating microbial metabolic activities to delay or even avoid the occurrence of clogging， aiming at the successful achievement of long-term stability and efficiency operation of CW systems.
- constructed wetland /
- clogging /
- formation mechanisms /
- detection method /
- clogging prevention and control

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