循环水冲式厕所黄水水质净化效果研究及处理系统设计

张金宇; 沈玉君; 王惠惠; 贾懿曼; 丁京涛; 王黎明; 李丹阳; 周亚文; 张爱琴; 范盛远

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202504014

循环水冲式厕所黄水水质净化效果研究及处理系统设计

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504014

张金宇^1,3,
沈玉君^2,3,
王惠惠^2,3,
贾懿曼^2,3,,
丁京涛^2,3,
王黎明^1,,
李丹阳^2,3,
周亚文^2,3,
张爱琴^2,3,
范盛远^2,3

1. 黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,黑龙江大庆 163319;
2. 农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京 100125;
3. 农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室,北京 100125

基金项目:

“双培”项目“我国寒旱区农村卫生厕所及粪污资源化关键技术产品研发与推广应用”（SP202103）

详细信息

作者简介:
张金宇（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事农业废弃物资源化利用技术研究。1812164058@qq.com

通讯作者:
贾懿曼（1987-），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为农村生活污水处理及资源化利用技术。jiayimansw@163.com
王黎明（1967-），女，教授，主要研究方向为废弃物利用理论与技术研究。dljdxy@163.com

贾懿曼（1987-），女，高级工程师，主要研究方向为农村生活污水处理及资源化利用技术。jiayimansw@163.com
王黎明（1967-），女，教授，主要研究方向为废弃物利用理论与技术研究。dljdxy@163.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 162
- HTML全文浏览量: 60
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-04
- 录用日期: 2024-06-19
- 修回日期: 2024-04-12
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-01

Purification effect of yellow water in the water-circulating flush toilet and design of the treatment system

1. College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
2. Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Institute of Planning and Design, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beijing 100125, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet Revolution and Wastewater Management Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beijing 100125, China

摘要

摘要: 目前，我国农村常见的厕所类型普遍存在厕所粪污处理技术水平低、资源化利用效果差以及节水技术不足等问题，制约着农村“厕所革命”的顺利推进。基于粪尿分集式水冲厕所，采用填料吸附耦合土壤渗滤的方式处理厕所黄水，选用稻壳生物炭和沸石作为吸附系统的填料，沸石、煤灰渣、玉米芯、铁粒和园土作为土壤渗滤系统的填料，设计不同水力负荷、冲厕水量、干湿比等试验参数，研究其对黄水中氮、磷的吸附效果和水质净化能力，筛选出效果较优参数，并开展长期运行，评估系统运行的稳定性和试验填料更换周期。结果表明，在水力负荷为0.34 m³/（m²·d）、冲厕水量3 L、干湿比2∶1的参数下，处理系统对黄水的养分回收及污染物净化效果最好。在此条件下进行的连续98 d运行试验，系统运行稳定，未出现断流堵塞的情况。总出水TN、TP的平均去除率均大于94%，COD平均浓度为21.57 mg/L，满足ISO 30500 《无下水道厕所安全及性能测试国际标准》出水标准。依照此试验参数，以农村单户家庭应用为基础，对关键部件进行参数设计，并集成开展厕所整体设计，最终形成新型循环水冲式厕所。研究为我国农村黄水就地资源化利用和资源循环型节水厕所技术提供重要参考。
- 黄水 /
- 填料吸附 /
- 部件设计 /
- 水质净化
Abstract: At present，the common types of toilets in rural areas of China are generally characterized by the backword waste treatment technology，poor resource utilization and insufficient water-saving，which constrains the promotion of the "toilet revolution" in rural areas. In this paper，based on the fecal-urine segregation-type flush toilet，the filler adsorption coupled with soil filtration was applied to treat the yellow water in the toilet，rice husk biochar and zeolite were chosen as the fillers of the adsorption system， and zeolite， coal ash residue， corn cob，iron particles and garden soil were used as the fillers of the soil filtration system. The experimental parameters such as hydraulic load，toilet flushing water volume and wet/dry ratio were designed to investigate the adsorption effects of nitrogen and phosphorus in the yellow water and the purification capacity. The better parameters were screened out and selected，and a long-term operation was carried out to evaluate the stability of the system operation and the replacement cycle of the test filler. The results showed that with the parameters of hydraulic load of 0.34 m³/（m²·d），toilet flushing volume of 3 L，and wet/dry ratio of 2∶1，the treatment system had the best effect on nutrient recovery and pollutant purification of yellow water. Under these conditions，the system operated stably for 98 d without any blockage. The average removal rates of TN and TP in the total effluent were both higher than 94%，and the average concentration of COD was 21.57 mg/L，which met the requirements of ISO 30500 effluent standard. According to the test parameters，based on the applications in rural single-family households，the key components were parameterized and integrated to carry out the overall design of the toilet，which finally formed a new type of water-recirculating flush toilets. This study provides an important reference for the local resource utilization of yellow water and resource recycling water-saving toilet technology in rural areas of China.
- yellow water /
- filler adsorption /
- component design /
- water purification

HTML全文

1 黄水处理系统工作原理

1. Working principle diagram of the yellow water treatment system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

2 黄水处理系统装置

2. Yellow water treatment system devices

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

3 进出水TN、NH4+-N、TP与COD浓度变化

3. Variations of TN， NH4+-N， TP and COD concentrations in inlet and outlet water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

4 循环水冲式厕所的工作原理

4. How recirculating flush toilets work

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

5 黄水储存箱 mm

5. Diagram of the yellow water storage tank

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

6 一级养分回收单元 mm

6. Primary nutrient recovery unit

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

7 二级污染物去除单元 mm

7. Secondary pollutant removal unit

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

8 净水水箱 mm

8. Pure water tank

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

9 循环水冲式厕所整体示意

1—厕屋 2—粪尿分集式便器 3—厕纸（架） 4—纸篓 5—上水管6—粪便导管 7—黄水下水管 8—粪便堆肥箱 9—黄水储存箱 10—蠕动泵 11—一级养分回收单元 12—二级污染物去除单元 13—净水出水管 14—紫外线杀菌 15—净水水箱 16—洗手台 17—镜子

9. Overall schematic diagram of a water-recirculating flush toilet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

1 黄水的初始水质

1. Initial properties of yellow water

pH	ρ（TN）/（mg/L）	ρ（TP）/（mg/L）	ρ（NH4+-N）/（mg/L）	ρ（COD）/（mg/L）
8.4	15185.5	4937.7	5319.3	10660

下载: 导出CSV

2 填料的基本性质

2. Basic properties of the fillers

填料	粒径/mm	密度/（g/cm³）
稻壳生物炭	2~4	0.40
沸石	2~4	1.40
煤灰渣	1~3	1.20
玉米芯	1~3	2.70
铁粒	2	7.85
园土	0.5~1.0	1.30

下载: 导出CSV

3 工艺参数及数值

3. Process parameters and values

水力负荷/[m³/（m²·d）]	冲厕水量/L	干湿比
0.07	1.5	1∶1
0.14	3.0	2∶1
0.27	6.0	3∶1
0.34	—	1∶2

下载: 导出CSV

4 填料对NH4+-N和TP的吸附动力学参数

4. Kinetic parameters of the adsorption of NH4+-N and TP by fillers

水质指标	填料	一级动力学模型			二级动力学模型
水质指标	填料	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	K₁	R₁²	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	K₂	R₂²
NH4+-N	稻壳生物炭	1.659	0.643	0.998	2.044	1.177	0.995
	园土	1.673	0.705	0.999	1.838	2.126	0.998
	沸石	1.772	0.791	0.999	2.042	2.010	0.996
	煤灰渣	1.640	0.727	0.999	2.164	3.243	0.999
TP	稻壳生物炭	1.658	0.660	0.998	1.651	6.924	0.996
	园土	1.673	0.687	0.999	1.667	2.040	0.998
	沸石	1.771	0.797	0.998	1.748	3.876	0.998
	煤灰渣	1.641	0.729	0.998	1.635	5.004	0.998

下载: 导出CSV

5 填料对NH4+-N和TP的吸附等温拟合参数

5. Isothermal fitting parameters for the adsorption of NH4+-N and TP by fillers

水质指标	填料	Langmuir模型			Freundlich模型
水质指标	填料	q_m	K_L	R²	n	K_F	R²
NH4+-N	稻壳生物炭	1583.695	6.661	0.980	5.176	0.670	0.964
	园土	993.243	9.221	0.990	6.524	0.615	0.982
	沸石	2510.277	3.324	0.991	2.551	0.792	0.994
	煤灰渣	2111.830	3.226	0.982	2.212	0.785	0.991
TP	稻壳生物炭	259.644	0.002	0.916	2.876	0.614	0.865
	园土	299.299	0.001	0.943	1.535	0.705	0.909
	沸石	319.450	0.002	0.958	1.869	0.689	0.924
	煤灰渣	273.897	0.002	0.977	2.937	0.618	0.941

下载: 导出CSV

6 不同水力负荷下进出水平均浓度及养分去除率

6. Inlet and outlet water mean concentrations and nutrient removal rates under different hydraulic loads

污染物	水力负荷/[m³/（m²·d）]	平均进水浓度/(mg/L)	平均一级出水浓度/(mg/L)	平均总出水浓度/(mg/L)	一级去除率/%	二级去除率/%	总去除率/%
TN	0.07	444.29	181.62	11.79	59.12	93.51	97.35
	0.14		193.17	18.13	56.52	90.61	95.92
	0.27		217.81	20.47	50.98	90.60	95.39
	0.34		245.77	24.14	44.68	90.17	94.55
NH4+-N	0.07	195.99	54.83	3.94	72.02	92.82	97.99
	0.14		74.81	7.08	61.83	90.53	96.39
	0.27		90.28	9.23	53.94	89.78	95.29
	0.34		109.04	11.98	44.37	89.02	93.89
TP	0.07	284.59	105.90	2.67	62.79	93.50	99.06
	0.14		115.39	3.92	59.45	95.05	98.62
	0.27		126.53	6.26	55.54	96.60	97.80
	0.34		126.11	8.21	55.08	97.48	97.11
COD	0.07	397.92	130.5	5.68	67.20	95.95	98.57
	0.14		156.1	12.14	60.77	92.22	96.95
	0.27		167	18.50	58.03	88.93	95.35
	0.34		181.99	29.50	54.26	83.79	92.59

下载: 导出CSV

7 不同冲厕水量下进出水平均浓度及养分去除率

7. Inlet and outlet water mean concentrations and nutrient removal rates under different flushing water volume

指标	冲厕水量/L	平均进水浓度/(mg/L)	平均一级出水浓度/(mg/L)	平均总出水浓度/(mg/L)	一级去除率/%	二级去除率/%	总去除率/%
TN	1.5	719.98	395.55	185.28	45.06	29.21	74.27
	3.0	450.87	252.85	61.53	43.92	75.67	86.35
	6.0	352.38	138.06	26.08	60.82	81.11	92.60
NH4+-N	1.5	613.26	225.56	55.23	63.35	75.55	90.99
	3.0	368.52	164.85	29.71	55.27	81.98	91.94
	6.0	187.61	80.35	7.61	57.17	90.53	95.94
TP	1.5	319.87	153.22	31.42	52.10	79.49	90.18
	3.0	177.56	83.16	11.59	53.16	86.06	93.47
	6.0	82.87	40.54	4.25	51.07	89.52	94.87
COD	1.5	870.77	347.10	144.67	60.14	58.32	83.39
	3.0	447.80	149.83	91.50	66.54	38.93	79.57
	6.0	207.90	110.56	47.77	46.82	56.80	77.02

下载: 导出CSV

8 不同干湿比下进出水平均浓度及养分去除率

8. Inlet and outlet water mean concentrations and nutrient removal rates at different wet/dry ratios

指标	干湿比	平均进水浓度/(mg/L)	平均一级出水浓度/(mg/L)	平均总出水浓度/(mg/L)	一级去除率/%	二级去除率/%	总去除率/%
TN	1∶2	396.92	250.23	33.31	36.96	86.69	91.61
	1∶1		224.51	36.28	43.43	83.84	90.86
	2∶1		224.96	23.09	43.51	89.73	94.18
	3∶1		227.93	33.65	42.58	85.24	91.52
NH4+-N	1∶2	178.37	79.56	12.52	55.39	84.25	92.98
	1∶1		81.78	11.32	54.15	86.16	93.65
	2∶1		74.27	9.17	58.36	87.66	94.86
	3∶1		83.51	13.22	53.18	84.17	92.59
TP	1∶2	280.60	152.74	11.05	45.57	92.77	96.06
	1∶1		150.81	10.25	46.26	93.21	96.35
	2∶1		135.94	4.99	51.55	96.33	98.22
	3∶1		137.19	9.16	51.11	93.33	96.74
COD	1∶2	459.50	262.50	105.80	42.87	59.70	76.97
	1∶1		245.80	103.20	46.51	58.01	77.54
	2∶1		242.30	93.90	47.27	61.25	79.56
	3∶1		237.20	104.90	48.38	55.78	77.17

下载: 导出CSV

9 各级养分处理效果及回收率

9. Nutrient treatment recovery rates at various levels

指标	一级养分回收率/%	二级污染物去除率/%	总去除率/%	填料初始氮含量/(mg/g)	处理后氮含量/(mg/g)	氮回收率/%
TN	44.81	90.06	94.52	0	0.35	35
NH4+-N	42.63	90.49	94.54	0	0.35	35
TP	48.77	96.86	98.39	—	—	—
COD	39.85	91.05	94.62	—	—	—

下载: 导出CSV

10 农村单户家庭黄水日产量

10. Daily yellow water production in rural single-family households

成人单次小便量/L	小便次数/（次/d）	人数	冲水/L	稀释倍数/倍	产生、处理黄水量/（L/d）
0.21	6	4	3	15.29	77.04

下载: 导出CSV

11 黄水性质

11. Yellow water properties

pH	ρ（TN）/（mg/L）	ρ（TP）/（mg/L）	ρ（NH4+-N）/（mg/L）	ρ（COD）/（mg/L）
8.1	418.4	173.2	368.3	427

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(40)

[1]	Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Strengthening the construction and management of rural public toilets［J］. Yunnan Agriculture，2022（10）:8. 农业农村部新闻办公室. 加强农村公共厕所建设和管理［J］. 云南农业，2022（10）:8.
[2]	PENG Z H，CHU F，LI G，et al. Research and application of in situ fertilizer utilization technology model of agricultural waste in Hunan Province［J］. China Agronomy Bulletin，2020，36（30）:36-39. 彭志红，褚飞，李果，等. 湖南省农业废弃物就地肥料化利用技术模式研究与应用［J］. 中国农学通报，2020，36（30）:36-39.
[3]	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，National Health Commission，General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Guidelines and typical models for harmless treatment and resource utilization of rural toilet manure released［J］. Rural Hundred，2020，（17）:24. 农业农村部，国家卫生健康委，生态环境部办公厅. 农村厕所粪污无害化处理与资源化利用指南和典型模式发布［J］. 农村百事通，2020，（17）:24.
[4]	YUAN L，QI Z，LIN F H，et al. Insights into the promotion of urine-diverting toilets based on the fertilizer efficiency of artificial phosphate ore recovered from source-separated urine［J］. Resources，Conservation& Recycling，2023，190
[5]	MU L. GB 37822—2019 Volatile Organic Compounds Unorganized Emission Control Standard to be implemented from July 1，2019［J］. China Artificial Board，2019，26（7）:41. 沐霖. GB 37822—2019《挥发性有机物无组织排放控制标准》2019年7月1日起实施［J］. 中国人造板，2019，26（7）:41.
[6]	LI L N，XIA Q，QIN C H，et al. Exploration of the main problems and countermeasures of volatile organic compounds emission monitoring and supervision［J］. Environmental Protection，2020，48（15）:27-32. 李莉娜，夏青，秦承华，等. 挥发性有机物排放监测监管主要问题和对策探析［J］. 环境保护，2020，48（15）:27-32.
[7]	RUI H L，MENG S G，WEI W. Simultaneous arsenite and nitrate removal from simulated groundwater based on pyrrhotite autotrophic denitrification［J］. Water Research，2021，189116662-.
[8]	NUGROHO N P J. Estimasi hasil air dari daerah tangkapan air danau rawa pening dengan menggunakan model invest［J］. Geospatial Information Agency of The Republic of Indonesia，（2）:157.
[9]	Li R，Morrison L，Collins G，et al. Simultaneous nitrate and phosphate removal from wastewater lacking organic matter through microbial oxidation of pyrrhotite coupled to nitrate reduction［J］. Water Research，2016:9632-9641.
[10]	GON D V D H，BLEEKER A. Indirect N₂O emission due to atmospheric N deposition for the Netherlands［J］. Atmospheric Environment，2005，39（32）:5827-5838.
[11]	ASHOK V，HAIT S. Remediation of nitrate-contaminated water by solid-phase denitrification process:a review［J］. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int，2015，22（11）:8075-8093..
[12]	LIU M H，LIN Y F，LI T，et al. Standardized construction and harmless effect of rural latrine conversion in Qingdao［J］. Journal of Community Medicine，2018，16（1）:27-28，30. 刘明华，林永峰，李唐，等. 青岛市农村改厕规范化建设及无害化效果［J］. 社区医学杂志，2018，16（1）:27-28，30.
[13]	YANG Y Y，WANG H H，SHEN Y J，et al. Effectiveness and mechanism of multistage packed beds on urine nutrient adsorption and synergistic water purification［J］. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science，2023，42（8）:1816-1830. 杨瑶瑶，王惠惠，沈玉君，等. 多级填料床对尿液养分吸附协同水质净化效果及机理［J］. 农业环境科学学报，2023，42（8）:1816-1830.
[14]	WU J X，JIA Y M，WANG H H，et al. Study on the performance and microbial community change of three-compartment septic tank effluent treated by combined soil percolation system［J］. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（S2）:693-700，627. 吴佳璇，贾懿曼，王惠惠，等. 组合式土壤渗滤系统处理三格化粪池出水性能及微生物群落变化研究［J］. 环境工程，2023，41（增刊2）:693-700，627.
[15]	GAO C H. Application of water purification technology for rural safe drinking water［J］. Cleaning World，2023，39（5）:143-145. 高朝宏. 农村安全饮水水质净化技术应用［J］. 清洗世界，2023，39（5）:143-145.
[16]	ZHENG S J，ZHANG J Q，HE Y，et al. Effects of biochar on MSL wastewater treatment and microbial community structure［J］. China Environmental Science，2023，43（4）:1696-1705. 郑世界，张建强，何杨，等. 生物炭对MSL污水处理及微生物群落结构的影响［J］. 中国环境科学，2023，43（4）:1696-1705.
[17]	PANG J L. Study on the treatment of simulated domestic wastewater by multi-stage soil percolation system［D］. Shenyang:Shenyang Normal University，2022 庞俊玲. 多级土壤渗滤系统处理模拟生活污水研究［D］. 沈阳:沈阳师范大学，2022.
[18]	WANG Y T. Experimental study on the treatment of domestic wastewater by pre-denitrification two-stage soil percolation system［D］. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology，2014 王羽婷. 前置反硝化两级土壤渗滤系统处理生活污水的试验研究［D］. 昆明:昆明理工大学，2014.
[19]	XU X. Research on the treatment of stormwater runoff pollutants by two-stage hybrid infiltration media system［D］. Beijing:China University of Geosciences（Beijing），2016 徐雪. 两段式混合渗滤介质系统处理雨水径流污染物的研究［D］. 北京:中国地质大学（北京），2016.
[20]	SUN Y F. Study on the capacity of biochar-enhanced subsurface percolation system for wastewater treatment［D］. Shenyang:Shenyang Normal University，2020 孙亚飞. 生物炭强化地下渗滤系统处理污水能力研究［D］. 沈阳:沈阳师范大学，2020
[21]	LIU N. Research on the effect of underground percolation system on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from rural domestic wastewater and its optimization［D］. Qingdao:Qingdao University of Technology，2018 刘娜. 地下渗滤系统对农村生活污水脱氮除磷效果及其优化的研究［D］. 青岛:青岛理工大学，2018
[22]	SUN Z J，DING A Z，TENG Y G. Adsorption and plugging of particulate COD by artificial soil percolation［J］. Environmental Engineering，2008，26（6）:39-41，44. 孙宗健，丁爱中，滕彦国. 人工土壤渗滤对颗粒COD的吸附及堵塞［J］. 环境工程，2008，26（6）:39-41，44.
[23]	SUN G Z. Study on the effect of wastewater nitrogen removal enhanced by slow-release carbon source from waste crops［J］. Water Resources Technical Supervision，2022，（10）:40-43，52. 孙国正. 废弃农作物缓释碳源强化污水脱氮效果研究［J］. 水利技术监督，2022，（10）:40-43，52.
[24]	ZHENG W J，SUN J C，WANG Q Y，et al. Factors affecting the phosphorus removal effect of iron salts based on membrane separation［J］. Water Purification Technology，2023，42（4）:86-94，136. 郑雯佳，孙继成，王巧英，等. 基于膜分离的铁盐除磷效果影响因素［J］. 净水技术，2023，42（4）:86-94，136.
[25]	WANG S，LI N. Research progress on resource utilization of source separated urine［J］. Industrial Water Treatment，2022，42（6）:33-39. 王舒，李楠. 源分离尿液资源化利用研究进展［J］. 工业水处理，2022，42（6）:33-39.
[26]	GAN Q. Research on the operation of AO process for municipal wastewater treatment［J］. Leather Making and Environmental Protection Technology，2023，4（23）:29-30. 甘琪. AO工艺处理市政污水的运行研究［J］. 皮革制作与环保科技，2023，4（23）:29-30.
[27]	ZHANG J G，YANG Y，MAO Y L，et al. Adsorption of silica fume on polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents［J］. Silicate Bulletin，2024，43（1）:183-190. 张建纲，杨勇，毛永琳，等. 硅灰对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附作用［J］. 硅酸盐通报，2024，43（1）:183-190.
[28]	CUYK S. Hydraulic and purification behaviors and their interactions during wastewater treatment in soil infiltration systems［J］. Elsevier BV，（4）:953-964.
[29]	LIU Z，LIU L. Research on the influence of hydraulic load impact on the treatment effect of bathing wastewater［J］. Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Science and Technology，2023，51（7）:21-25. 刘振，刘丽. 水力负荷冲击对洗浴废水处理效果的影响研究［J］. 黑龙江水利科技，2023，51（7）:21-25.
[30]	Li X. Preparation of sludge/gangue ceramic particles and its adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus in the tailwater of simulated wastewater treatment plant［D］. Shenyang:Liaoning University，2023 李鑫. 污泥/煤矸石陶粒的制备及其对模拟污水处理厂尾水氮磷吸附效果研究［D］. 沈阳:辽宁大学，2023
[31]	FEI Y C，MU H L，CHEN H J，et al. Study on adsorption-desorption isotherms and equilibrium moisture of pecan［J］. Freshness and Processing，2023，23（12）:18-29. 费颖昌，穆宏磊，陈杭君，等. 山核桃吸附-解吸等温线及平衡水分研究［J］. 保鲜与加工，2023，23（12）:18-29.
[32]	CHEN Z A，YANG Y T，CHI X，et al. Pilot application of electrocatalytic ozone-coupled bioactivated carbon process in wastewater treatment plant［J］. Industrial Water Treatment，1-17［ 2025-02-13］. https://doi.org/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0923. 陈子昂，杨依婷，迟茜，等. 电催化臭氧耦合生物活性炭工艺在污水处理厂的中试应用［J/OL］. 工业水处理，1-17［ 2025-02-26］. https://doi.org/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0923.
[33]	CHEN X，SATO K，WAKATSUKI T，et al. Effect of structural difference on wastewater treatment efficiency in multi-soil-layering systems:Relationship between soil mixture block size and removal efficiency of selected contaminants［J］. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition，2007，53（2）:206-214.
[34]	QIN F F，WEI Y J，LI G Y. Operation and optimization of coagulation-sedimentation-anaerobic/aerobic combined process for treating oily wastewater in ports［J］. Waterway Port，2019，40（1）:113-119. 秦菲菲，魏燕杰，李国一. 混凝沉淀-厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理港口含油废水的运行与优化［J］. 水道港口，2019，40（1）:113-119.
[35]	LI H，XU X Y，LI P J，et al. Effectiveness of ammonifying bacteria in removing organic nitrogen in artificial wetlands［J］. Journal of Environmental Engineering，2008（8）:1044-1047. 李辉，徐新阳，李培军，等. 人工湿地中氨化细菌去除有机氮的效果［J］. 环境工程学报，2008（8）:1044-1047.
[36]	LATRACH L，OUAZZANI N，HEJJAJ A，et al. Optimization of hydraulic efficiency and wastewater treatment performances using a new design of vertical flow multi-soil-layering（MSL）technology［J］. Ecological Engineering，2018:117140-11752.
[37]	PAN J，FEI H，SONG S，et al. Effects of intermittent aeration on pollutants removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system［J］. Bioresource Technology，2015:191327-319131.
[38]	BAKEN S，VERBEECK M，VERHEYEN D，et al. Phosphorus losses from agricultural land to natural waters are reduced by immobilization in iron-rich sediments of drainage ditches［J］. Water Research，2015:71160-71170.
[39]	ZHANG W X，CHANG L，LIU S X，et al. Numerical simulation study of new secondary water distribution device for spherical high-speed mixed bed［J］. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（S2）:879-885. 张文学，常黎，刘述显，等. 球形高速混床新型二次布水装置数值模拟研究［J］. 环境工程，2023，41（增刊2）:879-885.
[40]	WANG S M，ZHANG C X，LIU L Y，et al. Progress of treatment technology of rural domestic sewage by soil percolation system［J］. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment，2022，39（2）:293-230. 王淞民，张春雪，刘丽媛，等. 农村生活污水土壤渗滤系统处理技术研究进展［J］. 农业资源与环境学报，2022，39（2）:293-304.