A method for city-level high-resolution CO2 emission inventories: a case study of Yingkou
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摘要: 提出了一种城市级别的高空间分辨率碳排放清单建立方法,以省级能源平衡表为基础,应用经济和产业指标、人口、道路、土地和兴趣点(POI)等数据,建立了营口市1 km×1 km碳排放清单。结果表明,2020年营口市碳排放总量为1793.27万t,其中能源消耗碳排放为1800.48万t,土地利用碳排放-7.22万t;能源消耗碳排放来源主要集中在制造业和煤炭消耗,来自制造业的碳排放量占比达到69.94%,来自煤炭消耗的碳排放量占比达到53.56%;从空间分布来看,营口市碳排放空间集聚效应明显,18个极高排放网格(≥5万t)的碳排放量占比达到全市的68%,37个高排放网格 (≥2万t)的碳排放量占比达到全市的90%;重点行业中,钢铁和电力热力行业排放相对集中,有色和非金属矿物制品业网格排放量则呈现梯度差异;开展本地化排放因子研究,加强城市能源统计和重点企业碳核算,可以进一步提高清单准确性。Abstract: A carbon emission inventory with high-spatial-resolution covering various fields is an important foundation for cities to implement precise carbon reduction policies. A method for city-level high-resolution CO2 emission inventories was proposed. Based on the provincial energy balance table, the economic and industrial indexes, population, roads, land use, and points of interest (POI) data were applied to establish a 1 km × 1 km CO2 emission inventory for Yingkou in northestern China. The results showed that the total CO2 emissions in Yingkou in 2020 reached 17.9327 million tons, consisting of 18.0084 million tons from energy consumption and -0.0722 million tons from land use. In terms of energy consumption emissions, the main sources were concentrated in manufacturing and coal consumption. CO2 emissions from manufacturing accounted for 69.94%, and CO2 emissions from coal consumption accounted for 53.56%. The spatial agglomeration effect of CO2 emissions was obvious. Among the 5550 grids, CO2 emissions from 18 extremely high-emission grids (≥ 50000 tons) accounted for 68% of the total city, while CO2 emissions from 37 high-emission grids (≥ 20000 tons) accounted for 90%. As for the space distribution of key industries, the emissions from the steel making and power thermal industries were relatively concentrated, whereas the grid emissions from the non-ferrous and non-metallic mineral product industries showed gradient differences.High-emission grids from other industries were mainly distributed in areas with rapid economic development and dense population. It is necessary to conduct localized research on emission factors, improve the basic data statistical system and CO2 accounting for key enterprises to enhance the accuracy of city-level CO2 emission inventories.
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Key words:
- energy balance table /
- land use /
- Yingkou /
- CO2 emission inventory /
- spatial distribution
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1 城市能源分配系数
1. Allocation coefficients of urban energy
行业 分配系数说明 煤炭开采和洗选业,石油和天然气开采业,非金属矿物制品业,黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业,有色金属冶炼和压延加工业,电力、热力的生产和供应业 分别为原煤、原油、水泥、生铁、10种有色金属产量、发电量在全省的占比 燃气生产和供应业 天然气管道长度在全省的占比 水的生产和供应业、城乡居民生活 人口数在全省的占比 建筑业 建筑业产值在全省的占比 铁路运输业 (旅客发送量占比+货物发送量占比)×0.5 道路运输业 (旅客运输量占比+货物运输量占比)×0.5 水上运输业 (港口货物吞吐量占比+水运货物运输量占比)×0.5 航空运输业 兰旗机场起落架次在全省占比 管道运输业 (原油产量占比+天然气产量占比)×0.5 装卸搬运及其他运输服务业、仓储业、其他行业 第三产业在全省的占比 邮政业 邮电业务总量在全省的占比 批发、零售业和住宿、餐饮业 全年社会消费品零售总额在全省的占比 黑色金属矿采选业,有色金属矿采选业,非金属矿采选业,开采辅助活动,其他采矿业,农副食品加工业,食品制造业,酒、饮料和精制茶制造业,烟草制品业,纺织业,纺织服装、服饰业,皮革、毛皮、羽毛及其制品和制鞋业,木材加工及木、竹、藤、棕、草制品业,家具制造业,造纸及纸制品业,印刷和记录媒介复制业,文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业,石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业a,化学原料和化学制品制造业,医药制造业,化学纤维制造业,橡胶和塑料制品业,金属制品业,通用设备制造业,专用设备制造业,汽车制造业,铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业,电气机械和器材制造业,通信设备、计算机和其他电子设备制造业,仪器仪表制造业,其他制造业,废弃资源综合利用业,金属制品、机械和设备修理业 第四次全国经济普查该行业营业收入在全省的占比 注:a营口市焦炭、汽油、柴油和燃料油产量作为该行业的产出,从消耗量中予以扣减,因此石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业这4类能源的消耗量可能为负值。 2 不同燃料碳排放因子、热值与碳氧化率
2. Carbon emission factors, calorific values, and carbon oxidation rates of different fuels
类别 煤炭(原煤) 焦炭(干全焦) 原油 汽油 煤油 柴油 燃料油 天然气 润滑油 排放因子/(t C/TJ) 26.1 29.5 20.1 18.9 19.6 20.2 21.1 15.3 20 碳氧化率/% 电力、热力的生产和供应业 98 93 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 非金属矿物制品业 99 93 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业 90 93 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 其他行业 85 93 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 单位热值/(kJ/kg或kJ/m3) 平均低位发热量 20934 28470 41868 43124 43124 42708 41868 35609 41868 3 不同土地利用类型的碳排放系数
3. Carbon emission coefficients for different land use types
4 网格权重计算方法
4. The calculation method for gridded emission weights
序号 类别 分配依据 说明 1 黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业 POI 根据碳排放量计算结果,工业行业中,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力热力业、有色金属冶炼及压延加工业、化学原料与化学制品业、有色金属采矿选业、非金属矿物制品业和燃气类行业占据了营口市总碳排放量的85%以上,将这6个行业的碳排放量按照各自行业POI(兴趣点)数量进行分配,其他工业行业归类为其他类行业ηn,k = Wn,k /Wk ,式中,Wn,k 为网格n中k行业POI的数量;Wk 为研究区域k行业POI的数量 2 电力热力业 3 有色金属冶炼及压延加工业 4 化学原料与化学制品业 5 有色金属采矿选业 6 非金属矿物制品业 7 燃气类行业 8 其他类行业 9 交通运输业 道路长度 ηn,dl = ln /l,式中,ln 为网格n中道路长度;l为研究区域道路总长度 10 农林牧渔业 耕地面积 ηn,g = An /A,式中,An 为网格n中耕地面积;A为研究区域耕地总面积 11 建筑业、批发零售、住宿餐饮、居民生活 人口密度 ηn,rk = Pn /P,式中,Pn 为网格n中人口数;P为研究区域人口总数 12 开展温室气体核算的重点行业工业企业 5 营口市重点行业碳排放情况
5. Carbon emissions from key industries in Yingkou
工业行业 碳排放量/万t 占比/% 消费总量 1669.37 100.00 黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业 1121.36 67.17 电力、热力的生产和供应业 389.26 23.32 石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业 58.87 3.53 有色金属冶炼和压延加工业 25.73 1.54 非金属矿物制品业 25.61 1.53 有色金属矿采选业 19.64 1.18 化学原料和化学制品制造业 14.02 0.84 金属制品业 5.39 0.32 农副食品加工业 3.70 0.22 造纸及纸制品业 1.20 0.07 其他工业行业 4.60 0.28 -
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