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餐厨垃圾“中高温”厌氧发酵及其微生物群落演替研究

宫亚斌 詹偶如 吴昊 田启欢 杜睿 吴东升

宫亚斌,詹偶如,吴昊,等.餐厨垃圾“中高温”厌氧发酵及其微生物群落演替研究[J].环境工程,2025,43(4):258-266. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504026
引用本文: 宫亚斌,詹偶如,吴昊,等.餐厨垃圾“中高温”厌氧发酵及其微生物群落演替研究[J].环境工程,2025,43(4):258-266. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504026
GONG Y B,ZHAN O R,WU H,et al.Research on anaerobic fermentation and microbial community succession of food waste at intermediate temperatures[J].Environmental Engineering,2025,43(4):258-266. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504026
Citation: GONG Y B,ZHAN O R,WU H,et al.Research on anaerobic fermentation and microbial community succession of food waste at intermediate temperatures[J].Environmental Engineering,2025,43(4):258-266. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504026

餐厨垃圾“中高温”厌氧发酵及其微生物群落演替研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504026
基金项目: 

浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划项目(2022C03001)

详细信息
    作者简介:

    宫亚斌(1986-),男,高级工程师,主要从事城乡固体废弃物厌氧发酵和沼液资源化处理等研究。gongyabin@heee-biogas.com

    通讯作者:

    田启欢(1990-),男,工程师,主要从事城乡固体废弃物厌氧发酵和沼液资源化处理等研究。tianqihuan@heee-biogas.com

Research on anaerobic fermentation and microbial community succession of food waste at intermediate temperatures

  • 摘要: 厌氧发酵是餐厨垃圾无害化和资源化处理的重要技术手段。以餐厨垃圾为研究对象,探究其在“中高温(IT)”与“中温(MT)”和“高温(HT)”连续流反应条件下的厌氧发酵过程,并分析启动驯化、负荷提升及高负荷稳定运行等不同阶段下,发酵参数及微生物群落的演替变化情况。结果表明:在高有机负荷[8 kg COD/(m3·d)]稳定运行条件下,“中高温”IT组发酵产沼效率显著优于“中温”MT组和“高温”HT组,容积产气率均提高11%以上,甲烷产气率分别提升12.53%和9.56%,分析各发酵组物料参数可知,IT组在系统连续运行中呈现出良好的缓冲性和抗负荷冲击性。探究微生物群落演替过程发现,高有机负荷下IT组细菌和古菌生物群落在丰富度、多样性等指标均高于MT组、HT组。在细菌/古菌门水平和属水平的差异性方面,不同试验组的优势菌群受温度及有机负荷影响较大,由初期优势的乙酸营养型甲烷八叠球菌属向氢营养型甲烷袋状菌属的方向演替,从而使得系统产甲烷更加稳定。该研究可为餐厨垃圾厌氧资源化处理工艺拓展出一条高效、稳定的新路径,有助于推动我国各地“无废城市”的创建。
  • 1  三联完全混合式玻璃罐反应器装置装置

    1.  The CSTR experimental device

    2  试验组产气率与有机负荷变化

    2.  Changes in gas production rate and organic load of experimental groups

    3  试验组物料参数与有机负荷变化

    3.  Changes in material parameters and COD organic load of experimental groups

    4  试验组在不同有机负荷下微生物Alpha多样性

    4.  Alpha-diversity indexes of Bacteria and Archaea in experimental groups under different organic loads

    5  试验组在不同有机负荷下细菌相对丰度

    5.  Relative abundance of the bacterial community at phylum and genus levels in experimental groups under different organic loads

    6  试验组在不同有机负荷下古菌的相对丰度

    6.  Relative abundance of the archaea community at phylum and genus levels in experimental groups under different organic loads

    7  试验组在不同有机负荷下细菌菌种差异LEfSe分析

    7.  LEfSe analysis of bacterial diversity in experimental groups under different organic loads

    1  试验材料基本性质

    1.   Properties of test materials

    物料 pH ρ(TS)/% ρ(VS)/ρ(TS)/% ρ(COD)/(mg/L) ρ(NH 4 + -N)/(mg/L) ρ(TN)/(mg/L)
    发酵底物 3.8~4.5 8.0~10.0 82.0~85.0 110000~130000 360~510 2200~2600
    接种物 7.7 4.7 35.8 16310 2140 2370
    下载: 导出CSV

    2  分析测定方法

    2.   Analysis measuring methods

    序号 测试项目 测试方法 主要仪器
    1 沼气产量 流量计测定 湿式气体流量计
    2 CH4含量 便携式沼气分析仪 Geotech Biogas5000
    3 含固率(TS) 105 ℃烘干差重法 恒温电热烘箱
    4 挥发性固体(VS) 600 ℃灼烧差重法 箱式电阻炉
    5 化学需氧量(COD) 重铬酸钾消解法 Hach DR3900
    6 氨氮(NH 4 + -N) 水杨酸比色法 Hach DR3900
    7 总氮(TN) 过硫酸盐氧化法 Hach DR3900 & DRB200
    8 挥发性脂肪酸(VFA) 比色法 Hach DR3900
    9 总碱度(ALK,以CaCO3计) 酸碱滴定法 默克碱度盒
    下载: 导出CSV

    3  不同有机负荷下COD降解率变化

    3.   Changes in COD degradation rate under different COD organic loads

    OLR/ [kg COD/(m3·d)] COD降解率/% IT较MT增量/% IT较HT增量/%
    MT IT HT
    4 73.81 80.43 74.83 8.98 7.48
    5 74.64 80.90 74.49 8.39 8.61
    6 72.35 79.36 67.52 9.68 17.52
    7 70.87 76.15 66.90 7.45 13.82
    8 62.46 64.89 60.80 3.89 6.74
    注:不同有机负荷(OLR)水平下降解率取各阶段平均值。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-25
  • 录用日期:  2024-06-28
  • 修回日期:  2024-06-17
  • 刊出日期:  2025-04-01

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