耐冷硝化污泥的富集：群落组成和代谢特性

黄潇; 梁耀匀; 赵艳辉; 魏焌; 高静思

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202505001

耐冷硝化污泥的富集：群落组成和代谢特性

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202505001

1. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心/大气环境监测与污染控制研究重点实验室, 南京 210044;
2. 山东大学环境科学与工程学院山东省水环境污染控制与资源化重点实验室, 山东青岛 266237;
3. 深圳职业技术大学材料与环境工程学院, 广东深圳, 518055

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目“电场耦合铁碳微电解再生水内碳源归趋及驱动反硝化机制”

详细信息

作者简介:
黄潇（1990-），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为城市污水处理与资源化利用。huangxiao901231@126.com

通讯作者:
高静思（1984-），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为水环境修复技术.gaojingsi@szpt.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-17
- 录用日期: 2024-10-29
- 修回日期: 2024-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-11

Enrichment of cold-tolerant nitrifying sludge： community composition and metabolic characteristics

1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
3. School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决低温下活性污泥脱氮效率低的问题，富集了耐冷硝化污泥，并于过程中观察了群落组成和功能基因丰度的变化，同时研究了生物群落与功能基因之间的关系，以期揭示生物群落的生理功能和N代谢机制。建立序批式反应器（SBR）富集耐冷硝化污泥，初始氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度和温度分别设为50 mg/L和30℃，ρ（NH₄⁺-N）以50 mg/L的梯度增加至200 mg/L，富集结束后进入10℃低温培养箱。当出水ρ（NH₄⁺-N）持续低于5 mg/L时，筛选出耐冷硝化污泥。高通量测序结果表明：与富集前相比，细菌群落的丰富度和多样性减少。与氮循环有关的群落，如嗜甲基菌科（Methylophilaceae）、丛毛单胞菌科（Comamondaceae）和腐螺旋菌科（Saprospiraceae）的主导地位并未改变。与N固定相关的基因（nifD和nifK）丰度减少，而硝酸盐（NO₃^--N）同化还原基因nasA，亚硝酸盐（NO₂^--N）还原基因nirB、nirD丰度增加。与此同时，富集过程还强化了碳水化合物代谢和脂肪酸代谢，通过增强三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的水解，强化能量供应，以抵抗不利条件的影响。此外，增加与氮循环有关的关键酶丰度可促进硝化和反硝化作用。该研究结果可为低温污水处理厂的N去除提供理论支撑。
- 富集 /
- 耐冷硝化污泥 /
- 生物群落 /
- 氮循环 /
- 脱氮
Abstract: Low-temperature wastewater falls outside the optimal temperature range for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria， presenting a challenge for wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） to meet effluent standards in winter. To address this issue， cold-tolerant nitrifying sludge was enriched. Changes in the abundance of community composition and functional genes during the enrichment were observed. The relationship between biological communities and functional genes was investigated to reveal the physiological functions and nitrogen metabolism mechanisms of biological communities. A sequencing batch reactor （SBR） was established to enrich cold-tolerant nitrifying sludge， with an initial NH₄⁺-N concentration of 50 mg/L at a temperature of 30 °C. The NH₄⁺-N concentration was subsequently increased to 200 mg/L in a gradient of 50 mg/L. Following this phase， the sludge was transferred to a low-temperature incubator maintained at 10°C. NH₄⁺-N concentration in the effluent remained below 5 mg/L after 100 days， indicating that cold-tolerant nitrifying sludge had been successfully enriched. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that high concentrations of NH₄⁺-N reduced microbial richness and diversity， while low temperature mainly reduced microbial diversity. Bacterial communities related to nitrogen cycling， such as Methylophilaceae， Comamondaceae， and Saprospiraceae， remained unchanged. The abundance of functional genes（nifD and nifK） related to nitrogen fixation decreased， while the abundance of nitrate （NO₃^--N） assimilatory reduction gene nasA and nitrite （NO₂^--N） reduction gene（nirB and nirD） increased. Meanwhile， the enrichment process also enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid metabolism， strengthening the energy supply by increasing adenosine triphosphate （ATP） hydrolysis to resist adverse conditions. In addition， an increased abundance of key enzymes ［EC：3.5.5.1］，［EC：1.7.99.4］ and ［EC：17.2.4］ was related to nitrogen cycling， confirming the promotion of nitrification and denitrification by enrichment. The above research provides theoretical support for nitrogen removal in sewage treatment under low temperatures.
- enrichment /
- cold-tolerant nitrifying sludge /
- microbial community /
- nitrogen cycling /
- nitrogen removal

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