典型电解氟化工场地全/多氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估

易川; 徐春燕; 高盼; 张磊; 张若雯; 杨忆菁; 全森; 侯松

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202505024

典型电解氟化工场地全/多氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202505024

湖北省生态环境科学研究院, 武汉 430072

基金项目:

湖北省青年拔尖人才项目“饮用水中新型有机污染物高通量筛查及毒性效应研究”

详细信息

作者简介:
易川（1986—），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为新污染物识别与健康风险评估。alexyichuan@163.com

通讯作者:
徐春燕（1991—），女，工程师，主要研究方向为新污染物健康风险评估。xuchunyan@hbaes.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-13
- 录用日期: 2024-09-12
- 修回日期: 2024-07-18
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-11

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a typical electrochemical fluorination site

Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China

摘要

摘要: 氟化工厂的生产和排放是环境中全/多氟化合物（PFAS）的重要直接来源，其场地污染状况关乎周边生态环境和人体健康。以湖北某典型氟化工厂为研究对象，分析了场地内土壤、建筑物内表面和地下水17种PFAS的浓度水平和空间分布特征，并采用CSOIL模型对人体暴露健康风险进行了评估。结果表明：土壤、建筑物表面和地下水检出PFAS种类分别为13，17和9种，总浓度分别为882~2.82×10⁵ μg/kg（均值5.43×10⁴ μg/kg）、（4.52~27.0）×10⁴ μg/kg（均值1.22×10⁵ μg/kg）和（2.06~3.51）×10³ μg/L（均值2.55×10³ μg/L）。土壤中含量较高的单体主要为全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS，平均浓度2.82×10⁴ μg/kg，占比52.06%），其次为全氟辛基磺酸（PFOS，平均浓度1.69×10⁴ μg/kg，占比31.13%）和全氟己基磺酸（PFHxS，平均浓度5.68×10³ μg/kg，占比10.49%）；建筑物表面主要为（PFOS，平均浓度3.83×10⁴ μg/kg，占比31.47%）、全氟己酸（PFHxA，平均浓度2.49×10⁴ μg/kg，占比20.43%）和全氟辛酸（PFOA，平均浓度2.18×10⁴ μg/kg，占比17.87%）；地下水主要为PFBS（平均浓度1.40×10³ μg/kg，占比54.72%）、PFHxS（平均浓度500 μg/kg，占比19.59%）和全氟丁酸（PFBA，平均浓度239 μg/kg，占比9.36%）。人体健康风险评估表明，儿童及成人PFOS、PFBS、PFHxS、PFOA的摄入量均超过了健康指导值，需引起高度关注。
- 全氟化合物 /
- 氟化工厂 /
- 土壤 /
- 地下水 /
- 建筑物表面 /
- 健康风险
Abstract: The production and emission activities of a fluorochemical manufacturing facility have been identified as significant direct sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFAS） in the surrounding environment， which have attracted attention due to their persistence， bioaccumulation， and potential toxicity. PFAS contamination poses potential risks to ecological health and human well-being. This study focused on a typical electrochemical fluorination site in Hubei Province， China， investigating the concentration levels and spatial distribution of 17 PFAS in soil， interior building surfaces， and groundwater. The CSOIL model was also utilized to evaluate the potential human health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals. In this study， 13 types of PFAS were detected in soil， 17 on interior building surfaces， and 9 in groundwater. The total concentrations ranged from 882 to 282000 μg/kg （average： 54300 μg/kg） in soil， 45200 to 270000 μg/kg （average： 122000 μg/kg） on interior building surfaces， and 2060 to 3510 μg/L （average： 2550 μg/L） in groundwater. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid（PFBS） was the predominant PFAS in soil， with an average concentration of 28200 μg/kg， accounting for 52.06% of the total， followed by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid（PFOS） at 16900 μg/kg （31.13%） and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid（PFHxS） at 5680 μg/kg （10.49%）. On building surfaces， PFOS was the most abundant at 38300 μg/kg （31.47%）， followed by perfluorohexanoic acid（PFHxA） at 24900 μg/kg （20.43%） and perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA） at 21800 μg/kg （17.87%）. In groundwater， PFBS was the primary type at 14000 μg/kg （54.72%）， followed by PFHxS at 500 μg/kg （19.59%） and perfluorobutanoic acid（PFBA） at 239 μg/kg （9.36%）. These data revealed the distribution characteristics of PFAS in different environmental media， with PFBS and PFOS being the most significant pollutants. The human health risk assessment indicated that the intake of PFOS， PFBS， PFHxS， and PFOA by children and adults all exceeded the health guidance values， requiring significant attention. PFAS exposure routes are diverse， including food intake， drinking water， indoor air， and dust. Particularly， occupational exposure poses a significant health risk as workers come into direct contact with PFAS. In addition， PFAS can expose infants and young children through breast milk and indoor dust. These findings underscore the potential public health risks associated with PFAS contamination at the fluorochemical plant site， particularly for local residents who may be exposed through soil， water， and indoor environments. Consequently， further investigation and remediation are imperative to address the detrimental impacts on both the ecosystem and human health.
- PFAS /
- fluorochemical plant /
- soil /
- groundwater /
- interior building surface /
- health risk

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