电场作用下悬移质泥沙沉降特性及其絮凝效果优化

吴淼; 柏文文; 刘伊丰

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

电场作用下悬移质泥沙沉降特性及其絮凝效果优化

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

青海大学土木水利学院黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目“声电耦合作用下悬移质絮凝机理研究”（52209092）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴淼（2001—），男，硕士，主要研究方向为河流水沙运动。979183808@qq.com

通讯作者:
柏文文（1989—），男，副教授，主要研究方向为水力学及河流动力学、水文学及水资源。baiwenwen@qhu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-14
- 录用日期: 2024-11-10
- 修回日期: 2024-10-15

Optimization of sedimentation characteristics and flocculation effects of suspended sediment under electric field action

Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers of Ministry of Water Resources, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

摘要

摘要: 开发和利用非常规水资源——雨水资源是缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要途径。电絮凝能显著加速泥沙沉降，在较短时间内提升和改善水质，避免了因自然絮凝时间较长而引起的雨水利用时效性低的问题。设计室内实验，探究了电流密度、极板间距、泥沙初始浓度和反应时间对泥沙沉降的影响，选取浊度去除率、絮团粒径能耗为评价指标，共完成128 组实验，并利用响应面法验证和优化参数组合。结果表明：根据溶液中的泥沙分布及浊度变化情况，反应0~10 min为絮凝前期，泥沙颗粒去除主要依靠自然沉降；反应20~40 min为絮凝后期，此阶段内铝酸络合物与泥沙颗粒吸附结合，主导小颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降。电流密度较低（10 A/m²）时，浊度去除率上升缓慢；而电流密度较高（40 A/m²）时，浊度去除率达到快速上升之后下降。泥沙初始浓度较低（1 g/L）时，浊度去除率偏低，电絮凝效果未得以充分发挥；而泥沙初始浓度较高（3 g/L）时，浊度去除率同样偏低，这是因为泥沙过量而生成絮体不足。电解产生的气泡使得铝酸络合物与颗粒接触机率增强，此外铝酸络合物与泥沙浓度的比值是影响絮凝效果的主要原因，特别当电流密度>10 A/m²，且电解20~25 min时，絮凝效果提升最为明显。响应面法优化表明，在电流密度为30 A/m²，初始浓度为2.4 g/L，反应时间为37 min的运行条件下，电絮凝法对泥沙溶液浊度的去除率达到了91.28%，吨水处理成本为0.02 元，电耗为0.06 kW·h。该研究对电絮凝及雨水资源利用装置设计和应用具有参考价值。
- 电絮凝 /
- 泥沙 /
- 粒径 /
- 单因素法 /
- 响应面优化
Abstract: Developing and utilizing unconventional water resources—rainwater resources，is an important way to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand. Electric flocculation can significantly accelerate sediment settling， improve water quality in a short period， and avoid the problem of low efficiency in rainwater utilization caused by long natural flocculation time. Indoor experiments were designed to investigate the effects of current density， electrode spacing， initial sediment concentration， and reaction time on sediment settling. The turbidity removal efficiency and floc particle size energy consumption were selected as evaluation indicators， and 128 sets of experiments were completed. Response surface methodology was used to verify and optimize parameter combinations. The results showed that， according to the distribution of sediment and changes in turbidity in the solution， the reaction time of 0 to 10 minutes was the early stage of flocculation， and the removal of sediment particles mainly relied on natural sedimentation. The reaction time of 20 to 40 minutes was the late stage of flocculation， during which the aluminum acid complex adsorbed and combined with sediment particles， dominating the coagulation and sedimentation of small sediment particles. When the current density was low （10 A/m²）， the turbidity removal efficiency increased slowly， whereas at a high current density （40 A/m²）， the turbidity removal efficiency initially increased rapidly and then decreased. When the initial sediment concentration was low （1 g/L）， the turbidity removal efficiency was low， and the electrocoagulation effect was not fully performed. However， when the initial sediment concentration was high （3 g/L）， the turbidity removal efficiency also remained low， because excessive sediment led to insufficient floc formation. The bubbles generated by electrolysis increased the probability of contact between aluminum acid complexes and particles. In addition， the ratio of aluminum acid complexes to sediment concentration was the main factor affecting the flocculation effect. This was particularly evident when the current density exceeded 10 A/m² and the electrolysis time reached 20 to 25 minutes， the flocculation effect was improvedmost significantly. Response surface methodology optimization showed that under the operating conditions of a current density of 30 A/m²， an initial concentration of 2.4 g/L， and a reaction time of 37 minutes， the turbidity removal efficiency in sediment solution by electrocoagulation reached 91.28%. The treatment cost was 0.02 yuan per ton of water， with a power consumption of 0.06 kW·h. This study provides valuable references for the design and application of electrocoagulation and rainwater resource utilization systems.
- electrocoagulation /
- sediment /
- particle size /
- single-factor method /
- response surface optimization

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