场地土壤重金属精细化暴露评估研究进展与展望

王一鹏; 梅丹兵; 苗秋慈; 韩颖; 张红振

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202506017

场地土壤重金属精细化暴露评估研究进展与展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506017

生态环境部环境规划院土壤保护与景观设计中心, 北京 100041

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划“移动式场地污染快速检测与处置技术及其装备”（2022YFC3702500）

详细信息

作者简介:
王一鹏（1991—），男，助理研究员，主要研究方向为土壤污染防控。wangyp@caep.org.cn

通讯作者:
张红振（1980—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为土壤污染防控与低碳修复。zhanghz@caep.org.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-07
- 录用日期: 2025-01-20
- 修回日期: 2025-01-03

Research progress and prospects on refined exposure assessment of heavy metals in site soils

Center for Soil Protection and Landscape Design, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China

摘要

摘要: 暴露评估是场地人体健康风险评估中的关键环节，在环境标准体系建立及土壤修复治理目标制定中发挥着重要作用，精细化暴露评估是近年来人体健康风险评估研究热点之一。在分析场地土壤重金属暴露因素基础上，通过文献搜集和整理归纳暴露评估中概念模型构建和计算模型优化的主要方法，提出场地土壤重金属精细化暴露评估技术路线，进一步总结基于行为模式的土壤经口摄入量模拟技术、生物可给性测试技术、空气颗粒物浓度模拟技术共3种暴露参数精细化技术。基于现有场地土壤重金属暴露评估存在的问题，提出了构建以精细化污染场地概念模型为基础的暴露评估体系，拓展关联性指标和多来源数据优化暴露评估模型计算结果，运用动态监测技术支撑现代化场地环境管理等未来展望，以期推动场地土壤重金属精细化暴露评估理论和技术发展。
- 人体健康风险 /
- 重金属 /
- 精细化暴露评估 /
- 不确定性 /
- 场地概念模型 /
- 生物可给性
Abstract: Exposure assessment is a key component in site-specific human health risk assessments and plays a significant role in establishment of environmental standards and the formulation of soil remediation goals. Refined exposure assessment has been one of the research hotspots in human health risk assessment in recent years.This paper integrates domestic and international research and technical documents on heavy metal exposure assessment， sorting out the methods and techniques of refined exposure assessment of soil heavy metals at sites from both conceptual models and computational models. The refinement of the conceptual model includes the accurate identification and detailed depiction of risk sources， exposure scenarios， exposure pathways， and risk receptors. The refinement of risk sources requires acquiring information on chemical forms of heavy metals， soil particle size composition， and soil physical and chemical properties. The refinement of exposure scenario translation includes delineation of the site impact range， detailed classification of planned land use， and micro-scenario setting. The refinement of exposure pathways involves screening and specific settings according to different exposure scenarios. The refinement of risk receptors involves specific settings for long-term， medium-term， and short-term receptors， as well as special receptors. The refinement of computational models includes the optimization of computational tools， the optimization of exposure parameters， and the application of probabilistic models. The optimization of computational tools involves the selection of computational models and the combined use of conventional heavy metal exposure models and blood lead models. The optimization of exposure parameters not only uses local parameters as much as possible but also improves the accuracy of some exposure dose parameters through in vitro testing methods or parameter simulation technology. In vitro testing technology mainly refers to bioavailability testing technology. Parameter simulation technology includes soil oral intake simulation technology based on behavioral patterns， air particulate matter concentration simulation technology， etc.Probability models use the probability expression of datasets to replace individual data， which can better address the uncertainties in parameters and risk values brought about by individual differences. Based on the current application status and existing problems of heavy metal exposure assessment at contaminated sites， this paper proposes future prospects such as constructing an exposure assessment system based on refined conceptual models of contaminated sites， expanding related indicators and multi-source data to optimize the calculation results of exposure assessment models， and applying dynamic monitoring technology to support modern site environmental management， to promote the development of theory and technology for refined exposure assessment of heavy metals in site soils.
- human health risk /
- heavy metals /
- refined exposure assessment /
- uncertainty /
- site conceptual model /
- bioaccessibility

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