非正规垃圾填埋场特性及处理技术研究现状

马佳敏; 任雪瑜; 曾梦媛; 孟德安; 旦增

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202506023

非正规垃圾填埋场特性及处理技术研究现状

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506023

西藏大学生态环境学院, 拉萨 850032

基金项目:

西藏自治区重点研发项目“青藏高原典型固废堆场环境治理与生态修复技术研发与示范”（XZ202301ZY0029G）

详细信息

作者简介:
马佳敏（1999—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固废资源化处理技术。1164304936@qq.com

通讯作者:
旦增（1981—），男，教授，主要研究方向为固废资源化处理技术。yongzhong2008@163.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 99
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-18
- 录用日期: 2024-12-18
- 修回日期: 2024-12-15

Research status of informal landfill characteristics and treatment technologies

College of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850032, China

摘要

摘要: 我国生活垃圾处理经历了非正规填埋—卫生填埋场填埋—焚烧为主、填埋为辅的3个阶段，截至到目前，仍存在部分非正规填埋场未得到妥善的处理和处置。针对目前国内存量的非正规填埋场的污染现状问题，在文献查阅的基础上梳理了目前国内外多个非正规填埋场的现状，分析阐述了不同地区非正规填埋场的垃圾特性，比较总结了不同地区非正规填埋场对周边环境影响情况，并就非正规填埋场垃圾开挖工艺、场地污染控制工艺及场地修复技术进行了归纳梳理，对目前非正规垃圾填埋场现状和处理处置技术进行了分析和归纳总结，对未来非正规填埋场处理处置技术发展进行了展望，以期为非正规填埋场进行污染防控提供参考。
- 非正规填埋场 /
- 垃圾特性 /
- 开挖工艺 /
- 污染控制 /
- 场地修复
Abstract: The treatment of domestic waste in China has undergone three stages： informal landfill， sanitary landfill， incineration as the main stage， and landfill as the auxiliary stage. So far， there are still some informal landfills that have not been properly disposed of and treated. This article focuses on the current pollution situation of informal landfills in China that have not been appropriately tackled. Based on the literature review， the current situation of multiple informal landfills， both domestic and overseas， is summarized， and the waste characteristics of informal landfills in different regions are analyzed and expounded. The impact of informal landfills on the surrounding environment in different regions is compared and summarized. In addition， the waste excavation process， site pollution control process， and site restoration technology of informal landfills were summarized and analyzed. The current situation and treatment， and disposal technology of informal landfills were analyzed and summarized. The research results show that multiple informal landfills， both domestically and internationally， have caused pollution to the surrounding environment. The pollution control technologies for informal landfills mainly include four main methods： in-situ sealing， aerobic accelerated stabilization， off-site relocation， and screening treatment. Informal landfill site restoration technology mainly refers to the process of sealing off the site area and then carrying out ecological restoration and treatment， mainly for the landscaping of the site. On this basis， this article proposes prospects for the development of future informal landfill treatment and disposal technologies， as well as ecological restoration processes， to provide reference for effective pollution prevention and control in informal landfills.
- informal landfill /
- characterization of waste /
- excavation technic /
- pollution control technology /
- site remediation technology

HTML全文

参考文献(121)

[1]	The World Bank. Trends in solid waste management［EB/OL］. datatopics.worldbank.org/what-a-waste/trends_in_solid_waste_management.html. 2022
[2]	AKORTIA E，OLUKUNLE O I，DASO A P，et al. Soil concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and trace metals from an electronic waste dump site in the Greater Accra Region，Ghana:Implications for human exposure［J］. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2017，137:247-255.
[3]	CANOPOLI L，COULON F，WAGLAND S T. Degradation of excavated polyethylene and polypropylene waste from landfill［J］. Sci Total Environ，2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134125.
[4]	GWOREK B，DMUCHOWSKI W，KODA E，et al. Impact of the municipal solid waste Łubna Landfill on environmental pollution by heavy metals［J］. Water，2016，8（10）:470.
[5]	NANNONI F，SANTOLINI R，PROTANO G. Heavy element accumulation in Evernia prunastri lichen transplants around a municipal solid waste landfill in central Italy［J］. Waste Management，2015，43:353-362.
[6]	ADAMCOVÁ D，RADZIEMSKA M，RIDOŠKOVÁ A，et al. Environmental assessment of the effects of a municipal landfill on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Tanacetum vulgare L［J］. Chemosphere，2017，185:1011-1018.
[7]	JAIN P，KIM H，TOWNSEND T G. Heavy metal content in soil reclaimed from a municipal solid waste landfill［J］. Waste Management，2004，25（1）:25-35.
[8]	ALTAREZ R D D，SEDIGO N A. Existing land use and extent of lead（Pb）contamination in the grazing food chain of the closed Carmona sanitary landfill in the Philippines［J］. Heliyon，2019，5（5）. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01680.
[9]	VONGDALA N，TRAN H D，XUAN T D，et al. Heavy metal accumulation in water，soil，and plants of municipal solid waste landfill in Vientiane，Laos［J］. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2018，16（1）:22-22.
[10]	ADELAJA O，OGHENEOCHUKO O. Fate and partitioning of heavy metals in soils from landfill sites in Cape Town，South Africa:a health risk approach to data interpretation［J］. Environmental Geochemistry and Health，2020，42（1）:283-312.
[11]	DING Y，ZHAO J，LIU J W，et al. A review of China’s municipal solid waste（MSW）and comparison with international regions:Management and technologies in treatment and resource utilization［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，293.
[12]	National Bureau of Statistics. National statistical yearbook［Z］. 2022. 国家统计局. 国家统计年鉴［Z］. 2022
[13]	YU Y. Environmental investigation and risk control for a large informal landfill［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2019，27（3）:72-75，80. 余毅. 某大型非正规垃圾填埋场环境调查与风险管控方案［J］. 环境卫生工程，2019，27（3）:72-75，80.
[14]	HE X Y，Li J，LIU J S. Discussion on the method of soil environmental investigation in informal landfill［J］. Energy Conservation & Environmental，2021（5）:38-40. 何小艳，李健，刘劲松. 非正规垃圾填埋场土壤环境调查布点方法探讨［J］. 节能与环保，2021（5）:38-40.
[15]	JUSTYNA S，MAŁGORZATA O，ADRIANA N，et al. Assessment of physicochemical，microbiological and toxicological hazards at an illegal landfill in central Poland［J］. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2022，19（8）. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084826.
[16]	TUO H，DONGJIE N，GAN C，et al. Exploring key components of municipal solid waste in prediction of moisture content in different functional areas using artificial neural network［J］. Sustainability，2022，14（23）:15544-15544.
[17]	THATTHEP P，KENGO N，JIAJIE W，et al. Prediction and remediation of groundwater pollution in a dynamic and complex hydrologic environment of an illegal waste dumping site［J］. Applied Sciences，2021，11（19）. DOI: 10.3390/app11199229.
[18]	TANG Z Y，SONG Y D，Li F. Exploration of soil pollution investigation and groundwater health evaluation in non formal landfill sites［J］. Theoretical Research in Urban Construction，2022（30）:112-114. 唐智洋，宋亚丹，李飞. 非正规垃圾填埋场污染土壤调查及地下水健康评价探究［J］. 城市建设理论研究（电子版），2022（30）:112-114.
[19]	QIN Y，HAIHONG Y，XIAOYA G，et al. Remediation technology and typical case analysis of informal landfills in rainy areas of Southern China［J］. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2020，17（3）:899.
[20]	ZHANG X Q，YIN Q，NIAN Y G，et al. Waste pile property and environmental impact analysis of the informal landfill in northern arid areas［J］. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2021，11（6）:1210-1216. 张宪奇，殷勤，年跃刚，et al. 北方干旱地区非正规垃圾填埋场堆体特征及环境影响分析［J］. 环境工程技术学报，2021，11（6）:1210-1216.
[21]	ZHANG W S，TAN L J，SONG L W. Pollution investigation and health risk assessment of informal landfill sites［J］. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization，2021，39（12）:163-166，170. 张维生，谭龙健，宋来伟. 非正规垃圾填埋场污染调查与健康风险评估［J］. 中国资源综合利用，2021，39（12）:163-166，170.
[22]	FU K，ZHANG H，LIAO L. Discussion on soil pollution and remediation methods of irregular landfill sites［J］. China Measurement & Test，2021，2018，44（11）:81-87. 付康，张涵，廖镭. 非正规垃圾填埋场土壤污染及修复方法探讨［J］. 中国测试，2018，44（11）:81-87.
[23]	LIN W Q，GUO Z C. Sorting and resource utilization of aged refuse in informal landfill［J］. Sichuan Environment，2020，39（3）:115-119. 林文琪，郭子成. 非正规填埋场陈腐垃圾分选与资源化利用［J］. 四川环境，2020，39（3）:115-119. DOI: 10.14034/j.cnki.schj.2020.03.019.
[24]	ZHAO C F，CAI M，WU D G，et al. Comparison and selection of remediation technologies for informal landfill sites:a case study of an informal landfill province［J］. Journal of Green Science and Technology，2021，23（4）:17-19，24. 赵春风，蔡苗，吴多贵，等. 非正规垃圾填埋场治理修复技术比选:以海南省某非正规垃圾填埋场为例［J］. 绿色科技，2021，23（4）:17-19，24.
[25]	ZHU X M，ZHEN Y H，WU M Z. Study on pollution characteristics and risk control measures of an informal waste landfill［J］. Ground Water，2019，41（5）:12-14. 朱新民，郑玉虎，吴明洲. 某非正规垃圾填埋场污染特征及风险管控措施研究［J］. 地下水，2019，41（5）:12-14.
[26]	SONG L. Example of informal landfill treatment project in Dezhou［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2019，27（3）:48-50. 宋亮. 德州市非正规垃圾填埋场治理工程实例［J］. 环境卫生工程，2019，27（3）:48-50.
[27]	GE E Y，HU C. Research on landfill mining and screening technology for MSW landfill:a case study on Woqishan landfill［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2022，30（5）:88-93. 葛恩燕，胡超. 生活垃圾填埋场开采筛分处置技术研究——以卧旗山垃圾填埋场为例［J］. 环境卫生工程，2022，30（5）:88-93.
[28]	CAI H B. Temporary closure phase of municipal solid waste landfill site shutdown and reconstruction plan［J］. Resources Economization & Environmental，2023（8）:104-107. 蔡浩彬. 生活垃圾填埋场停运临时封场阶段整形方案［J］. 资源节约与环保，2023，（8）:104-107.
[29]	CAO M J，SUN D P，ZHU K，et al. Comprehensive investigation and research of simple landfill site and its surroundings—taking a simple landfill site in Shandong Province as an example［J］. Resources Economization & Environmental，2021（9）:21-23. 曹满举，孙大朋，朱坤，等. 简易填埋场场地及周边综合调查研究:以山东省某简易填埋场为例［J］. 资源节约与环保，2021，（9）:21-23.
[30]	Chen Y M，LIU X C，XU W J，et al. Analysis on stabilization characteristics and exploitability of landfilled municipal solid waste:Case of a typical landfill in China［J］. Scientia Sinica（Technologica），2019，49（2）:199-211. 陈云敏，刘晓成，徐文杰，等. 填埋生活垃圾稳定化特征与可开采性分析:以我国第一代卫生填埋场为例［J］. 中国科学:技术科学，2019，49（2）:199-211.
[31]	Li X，Xu D M，ZHAO Y C，et al. Classification study of aged refuse in a closed landfill［J］. Environmental Pollution & Control，2006（7）:481-484. 李雄，徐迪民，赵由才，等. 生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾分选研究［J］. 环境污染与防治，2006（7）:481-484.
[32]	HUANG Y M，WANG Y N，SUN Y J，et al. Microbial community structure and population distribution characteristics in short－term landfill refuse［J］. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2019，39（12）:4122-4131. 黄耀民，王亚楠，孙英杰，等. 短期填埋龄垃圾堆体内微生物群落结构与种群分布特征［J］. 环境科学学报，2019，39（12）:4122-4131.
[33]	LI S J，ZHANG X G，TAN Q，et al. A pilot-scale study of direct excavation and co-incineration of existing municipal solid waste in a landfill in southern China［J］. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（8）:196-201. 李水江，张效刚，谈强，等. 我国南方某生活垃圾填埋场存量垃圾直接开挖掺烧中试［J］. 环境工程，2023，41（8）:196-201.
[34]	TIANYU C，NING Q，JINXIAO W，et al. Effects of different ecological restoration methods on the soil bacterial community structure of a light rare earth tailings pond［J］. Plant and Soil，2023，497（1/2）:43-59.
[35]	XU S，LU W，LIU Y，et al. Structure and diversity of bacterial communities in two large sanitary landfills in China as revealed by high-throughput sequencing（MiSeq）［J］. Waste Management，2016，6341-6348.
[36]	SANG N N，SODA S，INOUE D，et al. Effects of intermittent and continuous aeration on accelerative stabilization and microbial population dynamics in landfill bioreactors［J］. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering，2009，108（4）:336-343.
[37]	SUN X，ZHANG H，CHENG Z. Use of bioreactor landfill for nitrogen removal to enhance methane production through ex situ simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and in situ denitrification［J］. Waste Management，2017，66:97-102.
[38]	RENXIN Z，JIE L，JIE F，et al. Microbial community composition and metabolic functions in landfill leachate from different landfills of China［J］. Science of The Total Environment，2020，767.
[39]	Relative risk ratio of residents living near the municipal solid waste landfill site at some province in South Korea［J］. Korean Journal of Environmental Health，2006，32（3）:240-248.
[40]	CAPSON-TOJO G，TRABLY E，ROUEZ M，et al. Methanosarcina plays a main role during methanogenesis of high-solids food waste and cardboard［J］. Waste Management，2018，76:423-430.
[41]	WANG Y F，ZHANG Z Y，DING Z K，et al. Laboratory study on the degradation characteristics of municipal solid waste［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University（Natural Sciences），2018，39（3）:378-382. 王樱峰，张振营，丁正坤，等. 生活垃圾降解特性室内试验研究［J］. 浙江理工大学学报（自然科学版），2018，39（3）:378-382.
[42]	HE Z，ZHAO T T，XING Z L，et al. Analysis of bacterial community composition in landfill cover soil［J］. China Environmental Science，2015，35（12）:3744-3753. 何芝，赵天涛，邢志林，et al. 典型生活垃圾填埋场覆盖土微生物群落分析［J］. 中国环境科学，2015，35（12）:3744-3753.
[43]	COSTA A M，ALFAIA R G D S M，CAMPOS J C. Landfill leachate treatment in Brazil-an overview［J］. Journal of Environmental Management，2019，232:110-116.
[44]	DENNEHY C，LAWLOR P G，MCCABE M S，et al. Anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and food waste:effects on digestate biosafety，dewaterability，and microbial community dynamics［J］. Waste Management，2018，71:532-541.
[45]	FENG S，HOU S，HUANG X，et al. Insights into the microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste landfill leachate for methane production by adaptive thermophilic granular sludge［J］. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology，2019，39:98-106.
[46]	INABA T，SU T，AOYAGI T，et al. Microbial community in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and its performance in treating organic solid waste under controlled and deteriorated conditions［J］. Journal of Environmental Management，2020，269（C）:110786.
[47]	LóPEZ-GONZáLEZ J A，SUáREZ-ESTRELLA F，VARGAS-GARCíA M C，et al. Dynamics of bacterial microbiota during lignocellulosic waste composting:Studies upon its structure，functionality and biodiversity［J］. Bioresource Technology，2015，175:406-416.
[48]	JUN D，LINJIE D，XU W，et al. Vertical profiles of community abundance and diversity of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea（ANME）and bacteria in a simple waste landfill in north China［J］. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology，2015，175（5）:2729-40.
[49]	BREZA-BORUTA B，LEMANOWICZ J，BARTKOWIAK A. Variation in biological and physicochemical parameters of the soil affected by uncontrolled landfill sites［J］. Environmental Earth Sciences，2016，75（3）.
[50]	XIAOCUI W，JIAWEI Z，SIYAN Z，et al. Geochemical properties，heavy metals and soil microbial community during revegetation process in a production Pb-Zn tailings［J］. Journal of hazardous materials，2023，463:132809-132809.
[51]	LIU S J，XI B D，QIU Z P，et al. Succession and diversity of microbial communities in landfills with depths and ages and its association with dissolved organic matter and heavy metals［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2019，651（P1）:909-916.
[52]	LEMANOWICZ J，BARTKOWIAK A，BREZA-BORUTA B. Changes in phosphorus content，phosphatase activity and some physicochemical and microbiological parameters of soil within the range of impact of illegal dumping sites in Bydgoszcz（Poland）［J］. Environmental Earth Sciences，2016，75（6）.
[53]	GONG Y. Discussion on design of the closure of an old and simple landfill in southern mountain city［J］. Shandong Chemical Industry，2022，51（14）:213-215. 龚阳. 南方山区某老旧简易垃圾填埋场封场工程设计探讨［J］. 山东化工，2022，51（14）:213-215.
[54]	WYDRO U，WOŁEJKO E，SOKOŁOWSKA G，et al. Investigating landfill leachate influence on soil microbial biodiversity and its cytotoxicity［J］. Water，2022，14（22）:3634-3634.
[55]	HONG Y，MINGGUO M，R T J，et al. Waste management，informal recycling，environmental pollution and public health［J］. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health，2018，72（3）:237-243.
[56]	XINYANG L，YU W. Identification and assessment of groundwater and soil contamination from an informal landfill site［J］. Sustainability，2022，14（24）:16948-16948.
[57]	ZHEPEI G，KE F，YIHUI L，et al. Microbial characteristics of the leachate contaminated soil of an informal landfill site［J］. Chemosphere，2022，287（P2）:132155-132155.
[58]	ZHOU R，WU L，BU S，et al. Pollutant identification of water and soil of uncontrolled landfills in Shenzhen［J］. China Environmental Science，2022，42（3）:1287-1294. DOI:10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.20210929.005. 周睿，吴玲，簿丝，等. 深圳简易垃圾填埋场水土环境污染指标识别［J］. 中国环境科学，2022，42（3）:1287-1295.
[59]	YONG W，XIN C，QIAN L，et al. Informal landfill contributes to the pollution of microplastics in the surrounding environment［J］. Environmental Pollution，2022，293.
[60]	LONG Z Y，ZHOU Y，WANG M，et al. Analysis of control and treatment technology of rural water environment pollution［J］. Energy Conservation & Environmental，2020（6）:100-101. 龙智勇，周洋，王妙，等. 非正规垃圾填埋场治理修复工程分析［J］. 节能与环保，2020（6）:100-101.
[61]	WANG H Q，GUO M L. Groundwater pollution evaluation and measures of prevention and control countermeasures in the informal landfill［J］. Shanxi Energy and Conservation，2009（6）:47-50. 王红青，郭敏丽. 非正规垃圾填埋场地下水的污染评价及防控对策［J］. 山西能源与节能，2009（6）:47-50.
[62]	YE S F，GUO Y S，PAN X，et al. Investigation and evaluation of heavy metals in an infoｒmal landfill site［J］. Environmental Engineering，2021，39（3）:214-219. 叶舒帆，郭永生，潘霞，等. 某非正规垃圾填埋场场地调查与污染评价［J］. 环境工程，2021，39（3）:214-219. DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202103031.
[63]	LIANG L C，YAN X F，WANG L L，et al. Soil heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of a simple domestic garbage landfill［J］. Environmental Engineering，2024，42（10）:177-187. 梁丽琛，严小飞，王莉莉，等. 简易生活垃圾填埋场土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价［J］. 环境工程，2024，42（10）:177-187.
[64]	WU L L，LI H，WANG Q，et al. Ecological closure treatment technology for a vally type informal landfill［J］. Nonferrous Metals（Mining Section），2022，74（3）:123-127. 吴亮亮，李昊，王琼，等. 某山谷型非正规垃圾堆放场生态封场治理技术［J］. 有色金属（矿山部分），2022，74（3）:123-127.
[65]	Wang J N. Environmental Investigation，Risk Evaluation and Barrier Properties of Composite Modified Bentonite in an Informal Landfill Site［D］. Tianjin:Tianjin University，2020. 王健男. 某非正规垃圾填埋场环境调查评估及复合改性膨润土阻隔特性研究［D］. 天津:天津大学，2020.
[66]	HUANG M L，CHENG L，KUANG D L. Characteristics of heavy metal content in humic soil of informal household waste landfill sites［J］. Journal of Green Science and Technology，2023，25（12）:164-168. 黄梅玲，程玲，邝度良. 非正规生活垃圾填埋场腐殖土重金属含量特征［J］. 绿色科技，2023，25（12）:164-168.
[67]	Pan X，Lyu M，Ye S Z，et al. Study on environmental pollution status and stabilization level of an informal landfill in Zhenjiang Province［J］. Environmental Pollution & Control，2021，43（12）:1543-1549. 潘霞，吕梅乐，叶碎增，等. 浙江省某非正规垃圾填埋场环境污染状况及稳定化水平研究［J］. 环境污染与防治，2021，43（12）:1543-1549.
[68]	WANG S C. Study on the migration of typical heavy metals from municipal solid waste landfills in the vadose zone of red bed in China［D］，Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology，2021. 王双超. 生活垃圾填埋场典型重金属在红层包气带中的迁移规律研究［D］. 成都:成都理工大学，2021.
[69]	WU W W，SU Z H，WANG F，et al. Hazard Risk Assessment and Management of Denormal Waste Landfill Sites［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2013，21（5）:11-14. 吴文伟，苏昭辉，王峰，等. 非正规垃圾填埋场危害风险评估与治理［J］. 环境卫生工程，2013，21（5）:11-14.
[70]	GUO Y. Designerly research into the landscape conversion of irregular landfills surrounding beijing city［D］. Beijing:Tsinghua University，2012. 郭湧. 北京市周边非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造设计研究［D］. 北京:清华大学，2012.
[71]	GHAFFAR S H，BURMAN M，BRAIMAH N. Pathways to circular construction:An integrated management of construction and demolition waste for resource recovery［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production，2020，244:118710.
[72]	ZHENTAO S，YAN T，YUXIN Y，et al. Ecological restoration research progress and prospects:A bibliometric analysis［J］. Ecological Indicators，2023，155.
[73]	Dai H F，Liu M J，Zhu M H，et al. Key technologies for in-situ screening and off-site disposal of mixed waste［J］. Tianjin Construction Science and Technology，2022，32（6）:74-76. 代宏峰，刘明军，朱明华，等. 混合垃圾原位筛分异地处置关键技术［J］. 天津建设科技，2022，32（6）:74-76.
[74]	Zhen W. Study on Control of Rare Delicacy during the Excavating and Sieving Treatment Process of an Informal Landfill in Suzhou［J］. Value Engineering，2024，43（3）:22-24. 郑伟. 苏州某非正规垃圾填埋场开挖筛分治理过程中的异味控制措施［J］. 价值工程，2024，43（3）:22-24.
[75]	GAO W，BIAN X，XU W，et al. An equivalent-time-lines model for municipal solid waste based on its compression characteristics［J］. Waste Management，2017，68:292-306.
[76]	YEYE L，JINJIAO L，HONGSONG C. Assessment of the restoration potential for ecological sustainability in the Xijiang River basin，Southwest China:A comparative analysis of karst and non-karst areas［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2023，912:168929.
[77]	YIQING Z，XIANG Z，JIAN G，et al. Effectiveness and driving mechanism of ecological restoration efforts in China from 2009 to 2019［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2023，910:168676.
[78]	LI Z X，ZHANG J Q，DONG L，et al. Landscape Reform of Irregular Landfills in Beijing［J］. Architecture & Culture，2016（3）:82-85. 李紫暄，张嘉琦，董丽，等. 北京市非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造［J］. 建筑与文化，2016（3）:82-85.
[79]	GAO Y，YANG Y. Research on the evaluation model of ecological restoration benefits of industrial waste land based on DEA Algorithm［J］. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences，2024，9（1）. DOI: 10.2478/amns-2024-1048.
[80]	YINGSHUANG L，LUNCHE W，QIAN C，et al. Revealing ecological restoration process and disturbances of mineral concentration areas based on multiscale and multisource data［J］. Applied Geography，2024，162:103155.
[81]	SHENGGUO X，XINFENG Q，YIFAN J，et al. Advances in microbe-driven ecological restoration on bauxite residue disposal areas［J］. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology，2023，262（1）. DOI: 10.1007/s44169-023-00056-8.
[82]	KANG X，LI Y，LI W，et al. synthesis and characterization of sustainable eco-friendly alkali-activated high-content iron ore tailing bricks［J］. Buildings，2023，13（11）. DOI: 10.3390/buildings13112743.
[83]	MIAO Z W. Treatment of informal landfill under the background of soil pollution control:analysis of market，technology development trend and typical case［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2019，27（2）:36-40，44. 缪周伟. 土壤污染防治背景下的非正规垃圾填埋场治理——市场、技术发展趋势及典型案例分析［J］. 环境卫生工程，2019，27（2）:36-40，44.
[84]	ZHONG A，HU C，YOU L. Evaluation and prediction of ecological restoration effect of beijing wangping coal mine based on modified remote sensing ecological index［J］. Land，2023，12（11）. DOI: 10.3390/land12112059.
[85]	DAI J，FANG J，GUO Z，et al. Research on ecological restoration assessment and eco-economic development of sea area by introducing the K-means clustering algorithm［J］. Environmental science and pollution research international，2023，30（56）:118318-118331.
[86]	LI M，XU L，GUO Y F. Study on secondary pollution prevention and control of screening and disposal project in informal landfill［J］. Guangdong Chemical Industry，2022，49（23）:155-156，137. 李明，许蕾，郭昱锋. 非正规垃圾填埋场筛分处置工程二次污染防治研究［J］. 广东化工，2022，49（23）:155-156，137.
[87]	HU Y F. Risks and countermeasures in ex-situ treatment of irregular landfills［J］. Guangdong Chemical Industry，2019，46（9）:181-182. 胡跃芬. 非正规垃圾填埋场异位治理工程中的风险及因应对策［J］. 广东化工，2019，46（9）:181-182.
[88]	SONG W，XU C Y，PU Z H. Remediation plan of unregulated waste landfill sites［J］. Environmental Sanitation Engineering，2015，23（6）:56-57，60. 宋薇，徐长勇，蒲志红. 非正规垃圾填埋场治理方案研究［J］. 环境卫生工程，2015，23（6）:56-57，60.
[89]	Hu Y. Design of closure and reconstruction scheme of informal municipal solid waste landfill［J］. Guangdong Chemical Industry，2022，49（6）:164-166. 胡月. 非正规生活垃圾填埋场封场改造方案设计［J］. 广东化工，2022，49（6）:164-166.
[90]	ZHAO Y C，SHI L，SUN Y J，et al. Cross and homogenous re-circulation of leachate［J］. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2006（2）:241-245. 赵由才，石磊，孙英杰，等. 渗滤液的同质与异质回灌技术［J］. 环境科学学报，2006，（2）:241-245.
[91]	WANG G H. Identification of informal landfill sites［J］. Environmental Protection，2010（8）:48-49. 王光华. 非正规垃圾填埋场的识别［J］. 环境保护，2010，（8）:48-49.
[92]	Gan F M，Zhang F. The hazards and treatment technology selection of informal landfill sites［J］. Henan Science and Technology，2014（22）:153-154. 淦方茂，张锋. 非正规垃圾填埋场的危害及治理技术选择［J］. 河南科技，2014（22）:153-154.
[93]	MARSUM M，ANWAR T，SLAMET S，et al. Phytoremediation as a barrier to heavy metal distribution in open dumping landfill in peatlands［J］. Journal of Ecological Engineering，2022.
[94]	HOEFER W，GALLAGHER F，HYSLOP T，et al. Unique landfill restoration designs increase opportunities to create urban open space［J］. Environmental Practice，2016，18（2）:106-115.
[95]	Chen B M，Li C Y. A brief discussion on the management of informal landfills［J］. Environmental Protection and Circular Economy，2021，41（1）:108-110. 陈必鸣，厉昌余. 浅谈非正规垃圾填埋场的治理［J］. 环境保护与循环经济，2021，41（1）:108-110.
[96]	ZHU Y，WANG L，MA J，et al. Assessment of carbon sequestration potential of mining areas under ecological restoration in China［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2024，921:171179.
[97]	CRISTINA R I，PELLEGRINIMANHÃES A，CRISTINAPANTALEãO L，et al. Testing for priority effects of tree plantings on natural regeneration in restoration sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest［J］. Applied Vegetation Science，2024，27（1）:ARTN e12768.
[98]	VAVERKOVÁ M D，ADAMCOVÁ D，RADZIEMSKA M，et al. Ecotoxicity of in-situ produced compost intended for landfill restoration［J］. Environments，2018，5（10）:111-111.
[99]	LIU Q，LI Q，WANG N，et al. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil using aged refuse from landfills［J］. Waste Management，2018，77:576-585.
[100]	WU T，LIU Y，WU X，et al. Differentiated impacts of environmental contexts on residents' environmental attitudes towards ecological restoration programs of China's drylands［J］. Journal of Environmental Management，2024，356:120617.
[101]	ZHANHUAN S P，ALLAN D P，DEVENDRA G D，et al. Sustainable Ecological Restoration and Conservation in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region［M］. CABI:2024-03-01. DOI: 10.1079/9781800622579.0000.
[102]	JIANG X，QU Y，ZENG H，et al. Long-term ecological restoration increased plant diversity and soil total phosphorus content of the alpine flowing sand land in northwest Sichuan，China［J］. Heliyon，2024，10（2）:e24035. DOI: 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E24035.
[103]	JU Q. Architecture design and construction for ecological restoration of urban landfill［D］. Beijing:Tsinghua University，2011. 巨青. 城市垃圾场生态修复的构、建筑物设计［D］. 北京:清华大学，2011.
[104]	GUO M L，WANG J S，LIU L C. Comparison of different techniques for control of groundwater pollution in an informal landfill［J］. Water Resources Protection，2009，25（4）:28-30，36. 郭敏丽，王金生，刘立才. 非正规垃圾填埋场地下水污染控制技术比较［J］. 水资源保护，2009，25（4）:28-30，36.
[105]	SLEZAK R，KRZYSTEK L，LEDAKOWICZ S. Degradation of municipal solid waste in simulated landfill bioreactors under aerobic conditions［J］. Waste Management，2015:43（9）:293-299.
[106]	GALEA D，MAJOR J E. Ecological restoration in Eastern Canada using four early-successional species on severely degraded sites using a factorial of site-preparation treatments:growth and biomass over two years［J］. Forests，2024，15（2）:22.
[107]	RUMMELL A J，BORLAND H P，HAZELL J J，et al. Restoration promotes ecological functioning through greater complementarity［J］. Restoration Ecology，2024，32（3）:e14083.1-12.
[108]	CHEN H H. The hazards and management of informal landfill sites［J］. New Technology & New Products of China，2021（13）:137-139. 陈鸿浩. 非正规垃圾填埋场的危害及治理［J］. 中国新技术新产品，2021（13）:137-139.
[109]	YANG F. Research on the treatment technology of informal landfills:an example of an informal landfill in Beijing［C］// The 2019 Science and Technology Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences. Beijing，2019. 杨帆. 非正规垃圾填埋场治理技术研究探讨:以北京某非正规垃圾填埋场为例［C］// 中国环境科学学会2019年科学技术年会. 北京，2019.
[110]	JENNA W. Grassland Redux:Restoration at a former landfill on the Hudson River［J］. Ecological Restoration，2021，39（4）:274-283.
[111]	VAVERKOVÁ M D，RADZIEMSKA M，BARTOŇ S，et al. The use of vegetation as a natural strategy for landfill restoration［J］. Land Degradation & Development，2018，29（10）:3674-3680.
[112]	LI H，HUO W Z，ZHEN B B，et al. Research on investigation and management of irregular landfill sites［J］. Environment and Sustainable Development，2009，34（1）:44-45. 李航，霍维周，郑彬彬，等. 非正规垃圾填埋场调查与治理研究［J］. 环境与可持续发展，2009，34（1）:44-45.
[113]	TANG H，LI Q，BAO Q，et al. Interplay of soil characteristics and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in alpine wetland restoration and carbon stabilization［J］. Frontiers in Microbiology，2024，15:1376418.
[114]	RETIEF L，NSIKANIM M，GEERT S. Using fire，planting，and topsoil translocation for restoration in South African Fynbos:assessing the success and cost-effectiveness of various restoration treatments［J］. Restoration Ecology，2024，32（4）. DOI: 10.1111/rec.14102.
[115]	MAO J. Research on vegetation restoration technology of non-sanitary open-air solid waste dumps government［C］// Seminar on Mineral Waste Resource Utilization and Landfill Greening Technology. Beijing，2011. 毛军. 非正规垃圾填埋场治理中的植被恢复技术研究［C］// 矿化垃圾资源化利用与填埋场绿化技术研讨会，北京，2011.
[116]	LIAO K，CHEN C，YE W，et al. The adaptability，distribution，ecological function and restoration application of biological soil crusts on metal tailings:A critical review［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2024，927:172169.
[117]	Zhou L. Research on landscape design of abandoned mine lands based on ecological restoration concept［D］. Hefei:Anhui University of Technology，2020. 周磊. 基于生态修复理念下矿山废弃地景观设计研究［D］. 合肥:安徽工业大学，2020.
[118]	JIAHUI Z，LINLIN C，ZHIYIN D，et al. Long-term effects of ecological restoration projects on ecosystem services and their spatial interactions:a case study of Hainan tropical forest park in China［J］. Environmental Management，2023，73（3）:493-508.
[119]	TRINIDAD D R M，LOUISE W，ANTON V，et al. How remote sensing choices influence ecosystem services monitoring and evaluation results of ecological restoration interventions［J］. Ecosystem Services，2023，64.
[120]	CHEN Q，MA Z Q，HAN H. Research on the application of comprehensive environmental geotechnical survey of non formal landfill sites:a case study of the management survey of a non formal landfill site in Beijing［C］// 2016 National Engineering Survey Academic Conference. Beijing，2016. 陈强，马志强，韩华. 非正规垃圾填埋场环境岩土综合勘察应用研究:以北京市某非正规垃圾填埋场治理勘查为例［C］// 2016年全国工程勘察学术大会. 北京，2016.
[121]	GIANNIS A，MAKRIPODIS G，SIMANTIRAKI F，et al. Monitoring operational and leachate characteristics of an aerobic simulated landfill bioreactor［J］. Waste Management，2008，28（8）:1346-1354.