特定化合物稳定同位素技术在污染物源解析中的应用

刘彤; 柯滢; 冯立; 王子旭; 余苗苗; 卢学强

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202507016

特定化合物稳定同位素技术在污染物源解析中的应用

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202507016

刘彤^1,2,3,
柯滢^1,2,3,
冯立^1,2,3,
王子旭^1,2,3,
余苗苗^1,2,3,
卢学强^1,2,3, ,

1. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350;
2. 天津市跨介质复合污染环境治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300350;
3. 天津市环境生物地球化学循环调控技术国际联合研究中心, 天津 300350

基金项目:

河北省重点海水浴场赤潮监测评价指标体系研究与应用（22373301D）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘彤（1997—），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为生态修复原理与技术。tong.liu@mail.nankai.edu.cn

通讯作者:
卢学强（1972—），男，教授，主要研究方向为生态修复原理与技术。luxq@nankai.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 116
- HTML全文浏览量: 36
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-01
- 录用日期: 2025-01-17
- 修回日期: 2024-12-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-11

A review of application of compound-specific isotope analysis in pollutant source apportionment

LIU Tong^1,2,3,
KE Ying^1,2,3,
FENG Li^1,2,3,
WANG Zixu^1,2,3,
YU Miaomiao^1,2,3,
LU Xueqiang^{1,2,3
, ,}

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China;
3. Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China

摘要

摘要: 对特定化合物稳定同位素分析（CSIA）技术在污染物源解析中的应用及其成效与挑战进行了综述。CSIA技术能够精准测定单个有机污染物中的稳定同位素比值，为污染源的精准识别提供了强有力的工具。以Web of Science核心数据库为数据来源，系统梳理并深入分析了2000—2023年公开发表的关于CSIA技术的文章。通过详细比较CSIA技术在解析各类有机污染物来源时所使用的元素，以及研究中涵盖的环境基质，发现碳元素在现有研究中占据核心地位；在多种环境基质中，利用CSIA技术对水体污染物进行源解析的研究最为普遍。概述了CSIA的检测方法体系和源解析模型，并深入探讨了该技术的应用现状。然而，CSIA在实际操作中仍然面临着样品处理流程复杂、非点源污染解析难度大等问题。基于此，提出了优化样品处理步骤、引入多同位素联合分析及建立全面的污染源同位素数据库等改进措施，以提升CSIA技术的精确性和可靠性。综上所述，CSIA技术在污染物源解析中发挥着重要作用，不仅为环境保护与污染治理提供了科学的决策依据，还有效推动了污染控制策略向更精细、更精确的方向发展。
- 污染物源解析 /
- 特定化合物稳定同位素技术 /
- 同位素比值 /
- 污染物治理
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications， effectiveness， and challenges of compound-specific isotope analysis （CSIA） technology in pollutant source apportionment. CSIA technology can accurately determine the stable isotope ratios in individual organic pollutants， offering a powerful tool for the precise identification of pollution sources. Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source， this paper systematically collates and deeply analyzes articles published between 2000 and 2023 on CSIA technology. Through detailed comparisons of the elements used in CSIA technology for identifying the sources of various organic pollutants， as well as the environmental matrices covered in the research， it has been found that carbon plays a central role in current studies. Among various environmental matrices， research on the source apportionment of water pollutants using CSIA technology is the most prevalent. This paper not only outlines the detection methodology and source apportionment models of CSIA but also delves into the current application status of this technology. However， in practice， CSIA still faces challenges such as complex sample processing procedures and difficulties in analyzing non-point source pollution. To address these challenges， this paper proposes several improvement measures， including optimizing sample processing steps， introducing multi-isotope joint analysis， and establishing a comprehensive isotope database for pollution sources， to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CSIA technology. In summary， CSIA technology plays a pivotal role in pollutant source apportionment. It not only provides a scientific basis for decision-making in pollution control but also effectively promotes the development of pollution control strategies towards a more refined and precise direction.
- source apportionment /
- compound-specific isotope analysis /
- isotope ratio /
- pollutant treatment

HTML全文

参考文献(129)

[1]	CINCINELLI A,PIERI F,ZHANG Y,et al. Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for chlorine and bromine:a review of techniques and applications to elucidate environmental sources and processes[J]. Environmental Pollution,2012,169:112-127.
[2]	PHILP R P. The emergence of stable isotopes in environmental and forensic geochemistry studies:a review[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters,2006,5(2):57-66.
[3]	RAN Z Y,JIA Y F,JIANG Y H,et al. Research progress of groundwater pollution source analysis methods[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2024,43(1):153-162.冉泽宇,贾永锋,姜永海,等.地下水污染源解析方法研究进展[J].地质通报,2024,43(1):153-162.
[4]	FISCHER A,MANEFIELD M,BOMBACH P. Application of stable isotope tools for evaluating natural and stimulated biodegradation of organic pollutants in field studies[J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2016,41:99-107.
[5]	OJEDA A S,PHILLIPS E,SHERWOOD LOLLAR B. Multi-element (C,H,Cl,Br) stable isotope fractionation as a tool to investigate transformation processes for halogenated hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2020,22(3):567-582.
[6]	YANG J,SUN P,ZHANG X,et al. Source apportionment of PAHs in roadside agricultural soils of a megacity using positive matrix factorization receptor model and compound-specific carbon isotope analysis[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2021,403.
[7]	BRAVO-LINARES C,SCHULLER P,CASTILLO A,et al. First use of a compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) technique to trace sediment transport in upland forest catchments of Chile[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,618:1114-1124.
[8]	UPADHAYAY H R,SMITH H G,GRIEPENTROG M,et al. Community managed forests dominate the catchment sediment cascade in the mid-hills of Nepal:a compound-specific stable isotope analysis[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2018,637-638:306-317.
[9]	HAYES J M,FREEMAN K H,POPP B N,et al. Compound-specific isotopic analyses:a novel tool for reconstruction of ancient biogeochemical processes[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1990,16(4):1115-1128.
[10]	YU H,WU Y,ZHANG J. Application of compound-specific isotope analysis in marine food web studies[J]. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society,2006,(2):122-128.于灏,吴莹,张经.特定化合物同位素分析技术在海洋食物网研究中的应用[J].质谱学报,2006,(2):122-128.
[11]	CHEN H Z. Tracing the sources of amines in the atmosphere bycompound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis (CSIA)[D]. Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2022.陈黑曾.单体稳定氮同位素分析技术示踪大气中的有机胺来源研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2022.
[12]	UPADHAYAY H R,BODé S,GRIEPENTROG M,et al. Methodological perspectives on the application of compound-specific stable isotope fingerprinting for sediment source apportionment[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(6):1537-1553.
[13]	SHERWOOD L B,HIRSCHORN S K,CHARTRAND M M G,et al. An approach for assessing total instrumental uncertainty in compound-specific carbon isotope analysis:implications for environmental remediation studies[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2007,79(9):3469-3475.
[14]	CARRIZO D,UNGER M,HOLMSTRAND H,et al. Compound-specific bromine isotope compositions of one natural and six industrially synthesised organobromine substances[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2011,8(2):127-132.
[15]	JENDRZEJEWSKI N,EGGENKAMP H G M,COLEMAN M L. Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons from chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions:scope of application to environmental problems[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(9):1021-1031.
[16]	GUPTA T. Exposure science:monitoring environmental contaminants[M]. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2019:833-839.
[17]	BLESSING M,SCHMIDT T C,DINKEL R,et al. Delineation of multiple chlorinated ethene sources in an industrialized area-a forensic field study using compound-specific isotope analysis[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(8):2701-2707.
[18]	RUDOLPH J,CZUBA E,NORMAN A L,et al. Stable carbon isotope composition of nonmethane hydrocarbons in emissions from transportation related sources and atmospheric observations in an urban atmosphere[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(7):1173-1181.
[19]	HEO S Y,SHIN W J,LEE S W,et al. Using stable isotope analysis to discriminate gasoline on the basis of its origin[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2012,26(5):517-522.
[20]	TANG C,TAN J,TANG C,et al. Are chlorine isotopologues of polychlorinated organic pollutants binomially distributed?Theoretical evaluation,numerical simulation,experimental evidences and implications for chlorine isotope analysis and source identification[J]. Chemosphere,2021,282.
[21]	HUNKELER D M U,LOLLAR B S,SCHMIDT T C,WILSON J T. Guide for assessing biodegradation and source identification of organic ground water contaminants using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA)[R]. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development,2008.
[22]	TORRENTÓ C,PONSIN V,LIHL C,et al. Triple-element compound-specific stable isotope analysis (3D-CSIA):added value of cl isotope ratios to assess herbicide degradation[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2021,55(20):13891-13901.
[23]	MASBOU J,DROUIN G,PAYRAUDEAU S,et al. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation during abiotic hydrolysis of pesticides[J]. Chemosphere,2018,213:368-376.
[24]	MELSBACH A,PONSIN V,TORRENTÓ C,et al. ¹³C-and ¹⁵N-Isotope analysis of desphenylchloridazon by liquid chromatography-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and derivatization gas chromatography-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2019,91(5):3412-3420.
[25]	MASBOU J,HÖHENER P,PAYRAUDEAU S,et al. Stable isotope composition of pesticides in commercial formulations:The ISOTOPEST database[J]. Chemosphere,2024,352:141488.
[26]	CHEVALLIER M L,COOPER M,KÜMMEL S,et al. Distinct carbon isotope fractionation signatures during biotic and abiotic reductive transformation of chlordecone[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2018,52(6):3615-3624.
[27]	IMTIAZ H,KHAN M,KHAN B A,et al. Uncovering nano-bonechar for attenuating fluoride in naturally contaminated soil[J]. Chemosphere,2024,353:141490.
[28]	AEPPLI C,HOLMSTRAND H,ANDERSSON P,et al. Direct compound-specific stable chlorine isotope analysis of organic compounds with quadrupole GC/MS using standard isotope bracketing[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(1):420-426.
[29]	IVDRA N,HERRERO-MARTÍN S,FISCHER A. Validation of user-and environmentally friendly extraction and clean-up methods for compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in soils[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2014,1355:36-45.
[30]	DRENZEK N J,TARR C H,EGLINTON T I,et al. Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):437-444.
[31]	BERG M,BOLOTIN J,HOFSTETTER T B. Compound-specific nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous samples using solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC/IRMS[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2007,79(6):2386-2393.
[32]	BAI J H,LIU F,ZHANG F,et al. Key aspects of non-traditional isotope analysis[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2020,27(3):1-13.白江昊,刘芳,张兆峰,等.非传统稳定同位素分析技术要点[J].地学前缘,2020,27(03):1-13.
[33]	XU J,WANG Y Y,WANG K,et al. Sampling,processing,and preservation of biological stable isotope samples in aquatic ecology[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2020,44(5):989-997.徐军,王玉玉,王康,等.水域生态学中生物稳定同位素样品采集、处理与保存[J].水生生物学报,2020,44(5):989-997.
[34]	MEYER A H,PENNING H,LOWAG H,et al. Precise and accurate compound specific carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of atrazine:critical role of combustion oven conditions[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(21):7757-7763.
[35]	MERRITT D A,FREEMAN K H,RICCI M P,et al. Performance and optimization of a combustion interface for isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1995,67(14):2461-2473.
[36]	WU Z,LIU H,HUANG X Y. Preliminary study on the effect of mass fractionation on the compound specific stable carbon isotopic ratio of phthalate esters by liquid-liquid extraction[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2012,31(6):1028-1032.吴珍,刘慧,黄咸雨.液液萃取对邻苯二甲酸酯单体稳定碳同位素比值分馏的影响初探[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(6):1028-1032.
[37]	MARTINI P,ADAMO A,SYNA N,et al. Perspectives on the use of liquid extraction for radioisotope purification[J]. Molecules,2019,24(2):334.
[38]	LIU H,ZENG J Y,WEN X Y,et al. Solid-phase extraction technology and its influencing factors[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010,(11):351-354.刘红,曾建勇,温贤有,等.固相萃取技术及其影响因素[J].现代农业科技,2010,(11):351-354.
[39]	ÖTLES S,KARTAL C. Solid-phase extraction (SPE):principles and applications in food samples[J]. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria,2016,15(1):5-15.
[40]	WU J,SHA C Y,LI D Y,et al. Application of stable carbon isotopic ratio measurement in source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2021,44(3):170-179.吴健,沙晨燕,李大雁,等.稳定碳同位素技术在多环芳烃源解析中的应用进展[J].环境科学与技术,2021,44(3):170-179.
[41]	SCHREGLMANN K,HOECHE M,STEINBEISS S,et al. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of atrazine and desethylatrazine at sub-microgram per liter concentrations in groundwater[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2012,405(9):2857-2867.
[42]	ZWANK L,BERG M,SCHMIDT T C,et al. Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds in the low-microgram per liter range[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2003,75(20):5575-5583.
[43]	LAMBROPOULOU D A,ALBANIS T A. Liquid-phase micro-extraction techniques in pesticide residue analysis[J]. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods,2007,70(2):195-228.
[44]	LESZCZYŃSKA D,HALLMANN A,TREDER N,et al. Recent advances in the use of SPME for drug analysis in clinical,toxicological,and forensic medicine studies[J]. Talanta,2024,270:125613.
[45]	HE M,CHEN B,HU B. Recent developments in stir bar sorptive extraction[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2013,406(8):2001-2026.
[46]	LAN H,HOLOPAINEN J,HARTONEN K,et al. Fully automated online dynamic in-tube extraction for continuous sampling of volatile organic compounds in air[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2019,91(13):8507-8715.
[47]	GILEVSKA T,WIEGERT C,DROZ B,et al. Simple extraction methods for pesticide compound-specific isotope analysis from environmental samples[J]. MethodsX,2022,9.
[48]	TIAN B,GAO S,ZHU Z,et al. Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry for determining high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2023,1693.
[49]	HUANG S,SONG Q,ZHANG Y,et al. Application of an isotope binary mixing model for determination of precise mercury isotopic composition in samples with low mercury concentration[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2019,91(11):7063-7069.
[50]	ZHANG W,HU Z. A critical review of isotopic fractionation and interference correction methods for isotope ratio measurements by laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2020,171.
[51]	DING B,XIE J J,WANG Z Y,et al. Advances in development and application of liquid chromatography coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography,2020,38(6):627-38.丁博,谢建军,王志元,等.液相色谱-同位素比质谱技术发展及应用研究进展[J].色谱,2020,38(6):627-638.
[52]	QI G C. Research on mass spectrometry technology forcompound specific chlorine isotope analysis[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2020.齐国臣.用于有机单体氯同位素分析的质谱技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2020.
[53]	SESSIONS A L. Isotope-ratio detection for gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Separation Science,2006,29(12):1946-1961.
[54]	SUN J. Review of research progress and pretreatment methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology[J]. Modern Chemical Research,2017,(9):2.孙静.气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究进展及前处理方法综述[J].当代化工研究,2017,(9):2.
[55]	ZHAO S,XU J Y,KE X,et al. Rapid screening and detection of 10 new psychoactive substances in human whole blood with ultra performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis,2023,43(4):612-619.赵森,徐静阳,柯星,等.超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查检测人全血中10个新精神活性物质[J].药物分析杂志,2023,43(4):612-619.
[56]	QI H L,LI J N,ZHANG C X. Discussion on the relationship and influence factors of the limit of detection and the sensitivity of analytical methods[J]. University Chemistry,2021,36(9):219-225.漆红兰,李佳妮,张成孝.检出限与灵敏度关系及影响因素的探讨[J].大学化学,2021,36(9):219-225.
[57]	KIM M,KENNICUTT M C,QIAN Y. Source characterization using compound composition and stable carbon isotope ratio of PAHs in sediments from lakes,harbor,and shipping waterway[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2008,389(2/3):367-377.
[58]	JIN H,LIANG W B,CHEN H,et al. Water quality characteristics and pollution source analysis of Qinhuai River during rainstorm events[J]. Environmental Protection Science,2024,50(4):77-86.金辉,梁文伯,陈鸣,等.暴雨期间秦淮河水质特征及其污染源解析[J].环境保护科学,2024,50(4):77-86.
[59]	YANG Y,WANG C,GUO H,et al. An integrated SOM-based multivariate approach for spatio-temporal patterns identification and source apportionment of pollution in complex river network[J]. Environmental Pollution,2012,168:71-79.
[60]	WANG G,GAO H B,LONG B,et al. Research progress on nitrate isotope coupled mult;-tracer tracing groundwater nitrate pollution[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2024,35(4):970-984.王刚,高宏斌,龙焙,等.硝酸盐同位素耦合多示踪剂溯源地下水硝酸盐污染研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2024,35(4):970-984.
[61]	LEWIS C W,NORRIS G A,CONNER T L,et al. Source apportionment of Phoenix PM_2.5 aerosol with the Unmix receptor model[J]. Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association (1995),2003,53(3):325-338.
[62]	KIM Y,HONG S,JUN L,et al. Use of molecular composition and compound-specific isotope analysis for source appointment of PAHs in sediments of a highly industrialized area[J]. Environmental Pollution,2023,337.
[63]	REIFFARTH D G,PETTICREW E L,OWENS P N,et al. Sources of variability in fatty acid (FA) biomarkers in the application of compound-specific stable isotopes (CSSIs) to soil and sediment fingerprinting and tracing:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:8-27.
[64]	KIM M,KENNICUTT M C,QIAN Y. Molecular and stable carbon isotopic characterization of PAH contaminants at McMurdo Station,Antarctica[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(12):1585-1590.
[65]	FAMIYEH L,CHEN K,XU J,et al. A review on analysis methods,source identification,and cancer risk evaluation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2021,789.
[66]	SHI B,MENG J,WANG T,et al. The main strategies for soil pollution apportionment:a review of the numerical methods[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2024,136:95-109.
[67]	CAO S,LI Y,HAO Q,et al. Spatio-temporal analysis of the sources and transformations of anthropogenic nitrogen in a highly degraded coastal basin in Southeast China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2023,30(36):86202-86217.
[68]	AREGUAMEN O I,CALVIN N N,GIMBA C E,et al. Seasonal assessment of the distribution,source apportionment,and risk of water-contaminated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2023,45(7):5415-5439.
[69]	WANG W,QU X,LIN D,et al. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK_ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments:A case study of Taihu Lake,China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2021,288.
[70]	NA M,ZHAO Y,RINA S,et al. Residues,potential source and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water of the East Liao River,Jilin Province,China[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2023,886.
[71]	KATSOYIANNIS A,BREIVIK K. Model-based evaluation of the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecular diagnostic ratios as a source identification tool[J]. Environmental Pollution,2014,184:488-494.
[72]	GHOSH P,MUKHERJI S. Fate,detection technologies and toxicity of heterocyclic PAHs in the aquatic and soil environments[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2023,892.
[73]	JAUTZY J J,AHAD J M E,GOBEIL C,et al. Isotopic Evidence for Oil Sands Petroleum Coke in the Peace-Athabasca Delta[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(20):12062-12070.
[74]	WANG Y,LI T,ZHANG R,et al. Fingerprinting characterization of sedimentary PAHs and black carbon in the East China Sea using carbon and hydrogen isotopes[J]. Environmental Pollution,2020,267.
[75]	AHAD J M E,MACDONALD R W,PARROTT J L,et al. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the Canadian environment:A review of sampling techniques,strategies and instrumentation[J]. Environmental Pollution,2020,266.
[76]	YAN T,GE T S,HUANG C H,et al. Research progress on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:formation,deleterious effects and control technologies[J]. Food Science,2024,45(14):257-266.颜婷,葛天嗣,黄才欢,等.多环芳烃的形成、危害及其减控技术研究进展[J].食品科学,2024,45(14):257-266.
[77]	KAKAVANDI B,RAFIEMANESH H,GIANNAKIS S,et al. Establishing the relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and male infertility:A systematic review[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2023,250.
[78]	GAO P,da SILVA E,HOU L,et al. Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:Metabolomics perspective[J]. Environment International,2018,119:466-477.
[79]	SAHOO B M,RAVI KUMAR B V V,BANIK B K,et al. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs):Structures,Synthesis and their Biological Profile[J]. Current Organic Synthesis,2020,17(8):625-640.
[80]	ZHANG R,LI T,RUSSELL J,et al. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in continental shelf of the East China Sea with dual compound-specific isotopes (δ¹³C and δ²H)[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,704.
[81]	O'MALLEY V P,ABRAJANO T A,HELLOU J. Determination of the ¹³C/¹²C ratios of individual PAH from environmental samples:can PAH sources be apportioned?[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1994,21(6):809-822.
[82]	O'MALLEY V P,ABRAJANO T A,HELLOU J. Stable carbon isotopic apportionment of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in St. John's Harbour,Newfoundland[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1996,30(2):634-639.
[83]	SMIRNOV A,ABRAJANO Jr T A,SMIRNOV A,et al. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Lake Erie,Part 1. Spatial distribution,transport,and deposition[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1998,29(5):1813-1828.
[84]	JAUTZY J,AHAD J M E,GOBEIL C,et al. Century-long source apportionment of pahs in athabasca oil sands region lakes using diagnostic ratios and compound-specific carbon isotope signatures[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(12):6155-6163.
[85]	HARRINGTON R R,POULSON S R,DREVER J I,et al. Carbon isotope systematics of monoaromatic hydrocarbons:vaporization and adsorption experiments[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1999,30(8):765-775.
[86]	JARMAN W M,HILKERT A,BACON C E,et al. Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopic Analysis of Aroclors,Clophens,Kaneclors,and Phenoclors[J]. 1998,32:833-836.
[87]	VAN KEER I,BRONDERS J,VERHACK J,et al. Limitations in the use of compound-specific stable isotope analysis to understand the behaviour of a complex BTEX groundwater contamination near Brussels (Belgium)[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,66(2):457-470.
[88]	MULLER C,KNOLLER K,LUCAS R,et al. Benzene degradation in contaminated aquifers:Enhancing natural attenuation by injecting nitrate[J]. Journal of contaminant hydrology,2021,238:103759.
[89]	XIA X,STEWART D I,CHENG L,et al. Variation of bacterial community and alkane monooxygenase gene abundance in diesel n-alkane contaminated subsurface environment under seasonal water table fluctuation[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2022,248.
[90]	ZOU Y,WANG C,LIU X,et al. Spatial distribution,compositional pattern and source apportionment of n-alkanes in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,and East China Sea and implications of carbon sink[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2022,178.
[91]	LIU Y,HE Y,LIU Y,et al. Assessing spatiotemporal sources of biogenic and anthropogenic sedimentary organic matter from the mainstream Haihe River,China:Using n-alkanes as indicators[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2022,834.
[92]	ZHANG Y,SU Y,YU J,et al. Anthropogenically driven differences in n-alkane distributions of surface sediments from 19 lakes along the middle Yangtze River,Eastern China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2019,26(22):22472-22484.
[93]	MCRAE C,SNAPE C E.,FALLICK A E.. Variations in the stable isotope ratios of specific aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from coal conversion processes[J]. Analyst,1998,123(7):1519-1523.
[94]	HOUGH R L,WHITTAKER M,FALLICK A E,et al. Identifying source correlation parameters for hydrocarbon wastes using compound-specific isotope analysis[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,143(3):489-498.
[95]	MANSUY L,PHILP R P,ALLEN J. Source identification of oil spills based on the isotopic composition of individual components in weathered oil samples[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(12):3417-3425.
[96]	VIETH A,WILKES H. Deciphering biodegradation effects on light hydrocarbons in crude oils using their stable carbon isotopic composition:A case study from the Gullfaks oil field,offshore Norway[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70(3):651-665.
[97]	BENDLE J A,KAWAMURA K,YAMAZAKI K. Seasonal changes in stable carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes in the marine aerosols from the western North Pacific:Implications for the source and atmospheric transport[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70(1):13-26.
[98]	DOWLING L M,BOREHAM C J,HOPE J M,et al. Carbon isotopic composition of hydrocarbons in ocean-transported bitumens from the coastline of Australia[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(8):729-737.
[99]	ROGERS K M,SAVARD M M. Detection of petroleum contamination in river sediments from Quebec City region using GC-IRMS[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1999,30(12):1559-1569.
[100]	ANKIT Y,MISHRA P K,KUMAR P,et al. Molecular distribution and carbon isotope of n-alkanes from Ashtamudi Estuary,South India:Assessment of organic matter sources and paleoclimatic implications[J]. Marine Chemistry,2017,196:62-70.
[101]	MA J B,LIU S W,WEI J X,et al. Research progress and prospect of environmental geochemical investigation of persistent organic pollutants[J]. China Geological Survey,2023,10(3):117-130.马嘉宝,刘斯文,魏吉鑫,等.持久性有机污染物环境地球化学调查研究进展与展望[J].中国地质调查,2023,10(3):117-130.
[102]	MACKAY D,FRASER A. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals:mechanisms and models[J]. Environmental Pollution,2000,110(3):375-391.
[103]	REINNICKE S,JUCHELKA D,STEINBEISS S,et al. Gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry of recalcitrant target compounds:performance of different combustion reactors and strategies for standardization[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2012,26(9):1053-1060.
[104]	SPAHR S,HUNTSCHA S,BOLOTIN J,et al. Compound-specific isotope analysis of benzotriazole and its derivatives[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2012,405(9):2843-2856.
[105]	CHARTRAND M,PASSEPORT E,ROSE C,et al. Compound specific isotope analysis of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers:a method for source fingerprinting and field investigation of in situ biodegradation[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2015,29(6):505-514.
[106]	ZHANG J,LIU S,GUI J,et al. Compound-specific chlorine isotope analysis of organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry,2021,2021:8874679.
[107]	MOGUSU E O,WOLBERT J B,KUJAWINSKI D M,et al. Dual element (¹⁵N/¹⁴N,¹³C/¹²C) isotope analysis of glyphosate and AMPA by derivatization-gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) combined with LC/IRMS[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2015,407(18):5249-5260.
[108]	HUNKELER D,CHOLLET N,PITTET X,et al. Effect of source variability and transport processes on carbon isotope ratios of TCE and PCE in two sandy aquifers[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2004,74(1-4):265-282.
[109]	HUANG C,ZENG Y,LUO X,et al. Tracing the sources and microbial degradation of PCBs in field sediments by a multiple-line-of-evidence approach including compound-specific stable isotope analysis[J]. Water Research,2020,182:115977.
[110]	HUANG X Y,HUANG B R. The Progress,Problems and Countermeasures of New Pollutants Treatment in China[J],Environmental Protection,2023,51(7):9-13..孟小燕,黄宝荣.我国新污染物治理的进展、问题及对策[J].环境保护,2023,51(7):9-13.
[111]	FALåS P,WICK A,CASTRONOVO S,et al. Tracing the limits of organic micropollutant removal in biological wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,2016,95:240-249.
[112]	JI X,WANG H,WANG H,et al. Removal of organic micropollutants from water by macrocycle-containing covalent polymer networks[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2020,59(52):23402-23412.
[113]	KAWASHIMA H. The measurement of stable carbon isotope ratios of eight methamidophos samples[J]. Journal of Forensic Sciences,2015,60(5):1360-1364.
[114]	MAIER M P,DE CORTE S,NITSCHE S,et al. C&N isotope analysis of diclofenac to distinguish oxidative and reductive transformation and to track commercial products[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(4):2312-2320.
[115]	XU Z,SHEN X,ZHANG X-C,et al. Microbial degradation of alpha-cypermethrin in soil by compound-specific stable isotope analysis[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,295:37-42.
[116]	MEYER A H,PENNING H,ELSNER M. C and N isotope fractionation suggests similar mechanisms of microbial atrazine transformation despite involvement of different enzymes (AtzA and TrzN)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(21):8079-8085.
[117]	KRONIMUS A,SCHWARZBAUER J,DSIKOWITZKY L,et al. Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses of riverine water organic contaminants[J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters,2006,4(1):23-28.
[118]	FIEDZIUKIEWICZ M,HANLEY Q. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of phthalates and non-targeted isotope analysis (NTIA) of SPE-extractable organic carbon in dilute aquatic environments[J]. Environmental Advances,2021,4(35):100050.
[119]	LÜ L T,ZHENG X Y,LIU Q. et al. Spatial scale effects of landscape patterns on non-point source pollution:a case study of Taizi River Basin in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2024,35(4):1112-1122.吕乐婷,郑晓宇,刘琦,等.非点源污染对景观格局响应的空间尺度效应--以东北太子河流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2024,35(4):1112-1122.
[120]	LI Y J,ZHANG Z H,LI J K,et al. Research progress on quantification and control of non-point source pollution in the Danjiang and Hanjiang River Basin[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2020,31(2):19-27,35.李亚娇,张子航,李家科,等.丹汉江流域非点源污染定量化与控制研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2020,31(2):19-27,35.
[121]	KIM M,KENNICUTT M C,QIAN Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon purification procedures for compound specific isotope analysis[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(17):6770-6776.
[122]	MAZEAS L,BUDZINSKI H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ¹³C/¹²C ratio measurement in petroleum and marine sediments:application to standard reference materials and a sediment suspected of contamination from the Erika oil spill[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2001,923(1):165-176.
[123]	RODRÍGUEZ-FERNÁNDEZ D,ROSELL M,DOMèNECH C,et al. C and Cl-CSIA for elucidating chlorinated methanes biotic and abiotic degradation at a polluted bedrock aquifer[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2015,13:120-123.
[124]	PHILLIPS D L,GREGG J W. Source partitioning using stable isotopes:coping with too many sources[J]. Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[125]	SMALLWOOD B,PHILP R P,BURGOYNE T,et al. The use of stable isotopes to differentiate specific source markers for MTBE[J]. Environmental Forensics,2001,2(3):215-221.
[126]	WANG Y,HUANG Y,HUCKINS J N,et al. Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per billion level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(13):3689-3697.
[127]	MASBOU J,MEITE F,GUYOT B,et al. Enantiomer-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (ESIA) to evaluate degradation of the chiral fungicide Metalaxyl in soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,353:99-107.
[128]	QIU S,GÖZDERELILER E,WEYRAUCH P,et al. Small ¹³C/¹²C fractionation contrasts with large enantiomer fractionation in aerobic biodegradation of phenoxy acids[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(10):5501-5511.
[129]	GAO C,WANG Y,XIA Y,et al. Stable carbon isotope analysis of hexachlorocyclohexanes by liquid-liquid extraction gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry:method evaluation and applications[J]. Molecules,2022,27(9):2874.