青藏高原淡水艾肯泉的细菌和古菌多样性及群落组成分析

衡珊; 乔丽娟; 王嵘; 韩睿; 邢江娃; 朱德锐; 沈国平

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202507018

青藏高原淡水艾肯泉的细菌和古菌多样性及群落组成分析

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202507018

1. 青海大学医学院基础医学研究中心, 西宁 810016;
2. 青海大学农林科学院, 西宁 810016

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（32260019）；青海中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2024ZY015）

详细信息

作者简介:
衡珊（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为环境微生物。hs13649167326@163.com

通讯作者:
沈国平（1977—），女，副教授，主要研究方向为极端微生物学。sgpkkll@126.com

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-12
- 录用日期: 2024-12-01
- 修回日期: 2024-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-11

Bacterial and archaeal diversity across communities within a freshwater Aiken Spring on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai Unversity, Xining 810016, China;
2. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

摘要

摘要: 艾肯泉（Aiken spring， AKS）是青藏高原西陲最深的淡水泉，水体富含多种毒性的重金属元素，但涉及细菌和古菌的群落结构组成尚不明确。系统探究了泉水中细菌和古菌多样性、群落组成差异及其优势属与环境因子的制约关系，以期发掘可利用的潜在菌种。采用高通量Illumina平台进行艾肯泉的细菌16S rRNA基因（V₃-V₄区）和古菌（V₃-V₅区）测序；按照97%相似性水平进行操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units， OTUs）筛选，并进行门、纲和属分类学统计；采用多元直接梯度回归分析样本、优势种属与环境因子的相关性。测序获得分类学地位明确的细菌19门32纲195属（491个OTUs），古菌6门8纲56属（787个OTUs）。细菌的优势属是玫瑰变色菌属（Roseovarius，8.59%~26.84%）、假红杆菌属（Pseudorhodobacter，1.22%~22.94%）和地热海小杆菌属（Rehaibacterium，0.19%~7.28%）。古菌的优势属是海盐薄片形属（Halolamina，6.29%~21.17%）、居盐杆菌属（Halohasta，10.93%~15.89%）和盐棒菌属（Halobaculum，7.69%~11.82%）。细菌优势属新鞘氨醇杆菌属（Novosphingobium）、地热海小杆菌属（Rehaibacterium）和双囊藻属（Geminocystis）与环境因子TP、SO₄^2-、Mg²⁺、pH和温度呈正相关，优势属红育菌属（Rhodoferax）、紫杆菌属（Porphyrobacter）、甲基营养菌属（Methylotenera）和红色单胞菌属（Rubrimonas）与Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Cl^-呈显著正相关。艾肯泉的细菌多样性指数（Shannon 2.10~3.43）显著高于古菌（Shannon 2.14~2.52），艾肯泉与其他淡水泉相比较，优势种群呈现明显差异，并且受温度、pH、SO₄^2-和Mg²⁺等环境因子影响较大。该研究可为后续泉水微生物资源的开发利用提供详实的理论参考依据。
- 艾肯泉 /
- 细菌 /
- 古菌 /
- 高通量测序 /
- 多样性
Abstract: Aiken Spring （AKS） is the deepest fresh water spring in the western reaches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The water body is rich in a variety of toxic heavy metals， but community structure of the bacteria and archaea involved is still unclear. To explore the diversity of bacteria and archaea in spring water， the differences in community composition， and the relationship between dominant genera and environmental factors， as well as to identify the available potential bacterial species， the bacterial V₃ to V₄ region and the archaeal V₃ to V₅ region of the 16S rRNA gene from AKS were sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina platform. According to a 97% similarity level， operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were screened and analyzed based on the phylum， class， and genus levels. Multivariate direct gradient regression was used to analyze the correlation among samples， dominant species， and environmental factors. A total of 19 phyla， 32 classes， 195 genera （491 OTUs） of bacteria， and 6 phyla， 8 classes， 56 genera （787 OTUs） of archaea were identified. The dominant bacterial genera were Roseovarius （8.59% to 26.84%）， Pseudorhodobacter （1.22% to 22.94%）， and Rehaibacterium （0.19% to 7.28%）. The dominant archaeal genera were Halolamina （6.29% to 21.17%）， Halohasta （10.93% to 15.89%）， and Halobaculum （7.69% to 11.82%）. The dominant bacterial genera Novosphingobium， Rehaibacterium， and Geminocystis were positively correlated with environment factors including total phosphorus， SO₄^2-， Mg²⁺， pH，and temperature. The dominant genera Rhodoferax， Porphyrobacter， Methylotenera， and Rubrimonas were significantly positively correlated with Na⁺， Ca²⁺， Cl^-， and total basicity. The Shannon diversity index （2.10 to 3.43） of bacteria in AKS was significantly higher than that of archaea （2.14 to 2.52）. Compared with other freshwater springs， the dominant populations of AKS show obvious differences and are greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature， pH， SO₄^2-， and Mg²⁺， which provides an important theoretical reference for the subsequent development and utilization of microbial resources in the spring.
- Aiken Spring /
- bacteria /
- archaea /
- high-throughput sequencing /
- diversity

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