基于复合酶制剂水解的餐厨垃圾多路径资源化研究进展及展望

刘雨; 安磊; 张晓媛; 王志强; 万俊锋; 汪群慧

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202510001

基于复合酶制剂水解的餐厨垃圾多路径资源化研究进展及展望

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510001

1. 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350;
2. 郑州大学生态与环境学院, 郑州 450001;
3. 北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目“厨余垃圾发酵联产乙醇和乳酸的耦合代谢及抑制解除机制研究”（52470137）；河南省重点研发专项项目“餐厨垃圾低碳高值资源循环利用关键技术与装备研发”（241111321400）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘雨（1964—），男，教授，主要研究方向为污废水及固废处理及资源化。cyliu@nankai.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张晓媛（1991—），女，副教授，主要研究方向为先进生物技术和环境功能材料。zhangxiaoyuan@nankai.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-04
- 录用日期: 2025-10-15
- 修回日期: 2025-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-01

Multi-pathway resource recovery from food waste via hydrolysis with compound enzymes： current progress and future perspectives

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
2. School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
3. School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 当前，如何在实现高效减量的同时实现资源化利用，已成为餐厨垃圾处理技术发展的核心诉求。焚烧、堆肥等主流工艺虽能实现部分处理处置目标，但难以在处理效率、运行成本和环境友好性之间取得理想平衡，因此亟需开发兼具高效、低成本和绿色可持续性的创新型资源化技术。在多种技术路径中，水解处理被视为提升餐厨垃圾资源化效率的关键步骤，而生物酶技术因其水解效率高、反应条件温和等优势，展现出广阔的应用前景。针对餐厨垃圾有机组分复杂的特点，复合酶（如碳水化合物酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶等）的协同作用能够实现更高效的水解，但酶制剂成本仍是制约其大规模推广的关键瓶颈。利用餐厨垃圾自身作为底物进行原位生产复合酶制剂，被认为是降低酶制剂成本、提高整体资源化水平的可行策略。系统综述了复合酶处理技术在餐厨垃圾处理中的研究进展，重点分析复合酶制剂的生产与改良策略，并探讨其在厌氧消化、与剩余污泥共处理、有机肥转化及生物发酵等集成工艺中的协同效应和工程可行性。同时，评估在现有餐厨垃圾处理设施中引入复合酶制剂技术的改造潜力，并分析与剩余污泥协同处理的应用前景。最后，对酶制剂性能优化、新型反应器研发、机器学习辅助设计及环境影响评价等未来方向进行展望，以期推动该技术走向规模化、系统化应用，构建城市有机固废低碳、低成本、高能源回收效率的闭环处理路径。
- 餐厨垃圾 /
- 酶水解 /
- 复合酶 /
- 原位生产 /
- 资源化
Abstract: Beyond disposal， the dual goals of efficient volume reduction and high-value resource recovery have emerged as central priorities in FW treatment. Conventional approaches， e.g.， incineration， composting， have partially addressed the problem but often failed to achieve an optimal balance among treatment efficiency， operational cost， and environmental sustainability， indicating the urgent need for innovative， low-cost， and environmentally friendly resource recovery technologies. Within this context， hydrolysis has been recognized as a critical step for enhancing the conversion efficiency of organic matter and unlocking the resource potential of FW. However， traditional physical and chemical hydrolysis methods are energy-intensive and prone to secondary pollution. In contrast， enzymatic hydrolysis has attracted increasing attention for its high conversion efficiency， mild reaction conditions， and smaller environmental footprint. Given the compositional complexity of FW， efficient and targeted hydrolysis of FW requires the synergistic action of multiple enzymes （e.g.， amylases， proteases， lipases）. Yet， the high cost of commercial enzyme preparations remains a key barrier to large-scale adoption. To address this challenge， in situ production of compound enzymes using FW itself as a substrate has emerged as a promising approach， which not only reduces enzyme costs but also improves overall resource recovery efficiency. This review synthesizes recent advances in enzymatic technologies for FW treatment， with a particular focus on strategies for production and composition optimization of compound enzymes. It also examines the engineering feasibility of co-treatment of FW with excess sludge， organic fertilizer production， and bio-fermentation， alongside evaluation of techno-economic performance. In addition， the potential for retrofitting existing FW treatment facilities to incorporate enzymatic hydrolysis， and the prospects for synergistic treatment with excess sludge， are critically assessed. Finally， future research directions are highlighted， including enzyme performance enhancement， development of next-generation bioreactors， integration of artificial intelligence for process optimization and control. These together will accelerate the scale-up and systematic deployment of enzyme-based FW valorization technologies， contributing to a low-carbon， cost-effective， and circular paradigm for urban waste management.
- food waste /
- enzymatic hydrolysis /
- compound enzymes /
- in situ production /
- resource recovery

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