煤矸石-牛粪-羊粪复合生态肥制备及其养分形态转化机制研究

王凯月; 杨志杰; 刘武艳; 刘建国; 李宇; 张帅

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202510008

煤矸石-牛粪-羊粪复合生态肥制备及其养分形态转化机制研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510008

王凯月¹,
杨志杰^1,2,3, ,,
刘武艳⁴,
刘建国^1,2,3,
李宇⁵,
张帅¹

1. 内蒙古工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 呼和浩特 010051;
2. 环境污染控制与修复内蒙古自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010051;
3. 沙旱区地质灾害与岩土工程防御自治区高等学校重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010051;
4. 鄂尔多斯市云东生态产业开发有限公司, 内蒙古鄂尔多斯, 017000;
5. 北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室, 北京 100080

基金项目:

内蒙古科技计划项目（2023YFHH0104）；内蒙古“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目（KCX2024005）；内蒙古科技计划项目（2025YFHH0089，2025YFHH0098，2022YFHH0050）；鄂尔多斯科技计划项目（YF20240072，YF20240023）；内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目（JY20240027）；内蒙古自然科学基金项目（2023LHMS05010）；呼和浩特市科技计划项目（2023-社-11）

详细信息

作者简介:
王凯月（2001—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固体废弃物资源化综合利用。15514632335@163.com

通讯作者:
杨志杰（1983—），男，副教授，主要研究方向为固体废弃物资源化综合利用。yangzj@imut.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-07
- 录用日期: 2025-04-30
- 修回日期: 2025-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-01

Preparation and mechanisms of nutrient morphological transformation of coal gangue-cattle manure-sheep manure composite eco-friendly fertilizer

WANG Kaiyue¹,
YANG Zhijie^{1,2,3
, ,},
LIU Wuyan⁴,
LIU Jianguo^1,2,3,
LI Yu⁵,
ZHANG Shuai¹

1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation of Higher Education Institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010051, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010051, China;
4. Ordos Yundong Ecological Industry Development Co., Ltd., Ordos 017000, China;
5. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100080, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究煤矸石与牛粪-羊粪联合堆肥的腐熟度变化以及养分形态转化作用机制，并最大限度提高煤矸石的利用效率，研究设置了煤矸石掺量为60%（D1）、50%（D2）、40%（D3）、30%（D4）的4组混合堆肥处理。通过堆肥过程中温度、pH、电导率、养分指标（氮、磷、钾含量）、腐殖质、C/N、种子发芽指数的变化，结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等表征手段揭示其规律及效果。结果表明：煤矸石的添加能够有效降低生态肥的盐分含量，D1、D2、D3、D4最终产物的电导率分别为1.02，1.12，1.20，1.35 mS/cm。4组处理的pH值为7.5~8.1，符合NY /T 525—2021《有机肥料》标准的要求。D3和D4组的有效磷和有效钾分别提高60%和50%以上。煤矸石含量为40%时（D3组），胡敏酸/富里酸含量（H/F）高达2.5，说明堆肥腐殖化程度最强；发芽指数（GI）高达104.2%，并且能更早达到GI指标，说明此配比能够有效降低对植物的毒性。SEM-XRD-FTIR结果也表明：堆肥结束后D3组堆体中蜂窝状结构更为明显，部分晶体结晶度变差，堆体的芳化程度更高，有更好的缓释性能。综上，以m（煤矸石）∶m（牛粪）∶m（羊粪）为4∶3∶3协同堆肥显著提升了堆肥腐熟度与养分转化效率，为高附加值生态肥的制备技术提供理论依据与应用价值。
- 煤矸石 /
- 好氧堆肥 /
- 营养元素 /
- 腐熟度 /
- 形态转化机制
Abstract: To investigate the changes in maturity and nutrient transformation mechanism of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure synergistic composting， and to maximize the utilization efficiency of coal gangue， this study set up four sets of mixed composting treatments with coal gangue content of 60% （D1）， 50% （D2）， 40% （D3）， 30% （D4）. During the composting process， changes in the temperature， pH， conductivity， nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， humus， C/N， seed germination index， as well as characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， etc.， were involved， to reveal their patterns and effects. The results showed that the addition of coal gangue can effectively reduce the salt content of ecological fertilizers. The conductivity of the final products of D1， D2， D3， and D4 were 1.02， 1.12， 1.20， and 1.35 mS/cm， respectively. The pH values of the four treatments were within the range of 7.5 to 8.1， which met the requirements of China’s national organic fertilizer standard. The effective phosphorus and potassium of groups D3 and D4 were increased by more than 60% and 50%， respectively. When the content of coal gangue was 40% （D3 group）， the F/A ratio reached 2.5， indicating the strongest degree of composting humification. The germination index （GI） was as high as 104.2%， and it could meet the GI index requirement earlier， indicating that the toxicity to plants was effectively reduced. The SEM-XRD-FTIR results also showed that after composting， the honeycomb structure in the D3 pile became more pronounced， and some crystals had decreased crystallinity. The aromatization degree of the pile was higher， showing better slow-release performance. In summary， the synergistic composting of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 4：3：3 can significantly improve the maturity and nutrient conversion efficiency of compost. This study provides a theoretical basis and application value for preparation technology of high value-added ecological fertilizers.
- coal gangue /
- aerobic composting /
- nutrient elements /
- maturity /
- mechanism of morphological transformation

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