苦草种植密度对黑臭水体及底泥原位修复的效能影响

纪云龙; 刘国宏; 邱叶; 李健楠; 田言; 冯玉杰

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202510012

苦草种植密度对黑臭水体及底泥原位修复的效能影响

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510012

1. 哈尔滨工业大学环境学院城乡水资源与水环境全国重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090;
2. 深圳大学化学与环境工程学院, 广东深圳 518060;
3. 黑龙江省建筑材料工业规划设计研究院, 哈尔滨 150028

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划“经济适用型集约化养殖尾水高效处理及资源化利用技术与装备研发及应用”（2024YFD2401303）

详细信息

作者简介:
纪云龙（1997—），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为黑臭水体治理及面源污染整治。619633359@qq.com

通讯作者:
冯玉杰（1966—），女，工学博士，教授，主要研究方向为水中污染物定向转化理论与技术。yujief@hit.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-07
- 录用日期: 2025-06-25
- 修回日期: 2025-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-01

Effect of planting density of Vallisneria natans on in-situ ecological restoration of black and odorous water bodies and sediments

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban-rural Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
2. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
3. Heilongjiang Building Materials Industry Planning and Design Research Institute, Harbin 150028, China

摘要

摘要: 黑臭水体严重影响着水生生物的生存安全和人类的身体健康，必须采取措施加以治理。通过种植沉水植物苦草（Vallisneria natans）实现黑臭水体和底泥的原位修复，通过考察水体的COD、N、P及底泥中的TC、TN等指标，确定了其最优的初始种植密度为150 株/m²，系统COD、NH₄⁺-N，NO₃^--N、TN和TP的去除率分别是空白系统的1.08，1.25，1.71，1.45，1.62倍，同时苦草种植显著提高了水体的DO含量；种植密度为150 株/m²的系统对底泥中TC和TN的累计增长抑制效果最显著，分别为10.5%和3.6%；表层底泥氧化还原电位值（ORP）提高了40.4%，表明苦草可有效地去除黑臭水体底泥中的污染物，并改善底泥的厌氧条件。对于种植密度为150 株/m²的系统，苦草鲜重增长率、叶片数增长率和平均分株数分别为106.25%、61.11%和11.40株，均高于其他系统，此初始种植密度下更利于苦草抵御极端环境并迅速增殖。研究可为苦草对黑臭水体和底泥原位修复提供理论参考。
- 沉水植物 /
- 种植密度 /
- 黑臭水体 /
- 底泥 /
- 原位修复
Abstract: Black and odorous water severely threatens the survival of aquatic organisms and human health， necessitating urgent remediation measures. In this paper， in-situ restoration of black and odorous water bodies was achieved by planting submerged plants， Vallisneria natans. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal initial planting density was 150 plants/m² by investigating the COD， nitrogen， phosphorus in water， and TC， TN and other indicators in sediment. Compared to the control system， the removal rates of COD， ammonia nitrogen （NHNH₄⁺-N）， nitrate （NO₃^--N）， total nitrogen （TN）， and total phosphorus （TP） were 1.08， 1.25， 1.71， 1.45， and 1.62 times higher， respectively. Additionally， Vallisneria natans sensibly enhanced dissolved oxygen （DO） levels in the water. The system with a planting density of 150 plants/m² exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of TC and TN in the sediment， with the minimal content increase rates of 10.5% and 3.6%， respectively. The oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） of surface sediment increased by 40.4%， confirming the efficacy of Vallisneria natans in removing pollutants and ameliorating anaerobic conditions in black and odorous sediment. Among the 150 plants/m² system， the growth rates of fresh weight， leaf number， and the average number of ramets were 106.25%， 61.11%， and 11.40 plants， respectively， all of which were higher than those in other systems. Under this initial planting density， it was more conducive to Vallisneria natans resisting extreme environments and proliferating rapidly. This study can provide theoretical reference to the application of Vallisneria natans for in-situ restoration of black and odorous water and sediment.
- submerged plant /
- planting density /
- black and odorous water body /
- sediment /
- in-situ restoration

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