新型策略下低氨氮亚硝化系统启动及稳定运行研究

向韬; 程馨雨; 李军

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202510023

新型策略下低氨氮亚硝化系统启动及稳定运行研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510023

1. 沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院, 沈阳 110168

基金项目:

省部级纵向项目“辽宁省科技厅揭榜挂帅项目”（HS122085）；横向项目“城镇污水生物脱氮的技术研究与应用研究”（23-08-354）；横向项目“低氨氮废水自养脱氮系统效能强化的关键技术研发”（23-08-95）

详细信息

作者简介:
向韬（1989—），男，讲师，主要研究方向为水处理技术。18946121978@163.com

通讯作者:
李军（1978—），男，教授，主要研究方向为污废水生物处理技术。junlee@sjzu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-09
- 录用日期: 2024-08-04
- 修回日期: 2024-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-01

Start-up and stable operation of a low ammonia nitrogen nitrification system under a new strategy

1. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China

摘要

摘要: 如何保证低氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）亚硝化过程的稳定运行，是突破自养脱氮工艺应用的技术关键。为实现低NH₄⁺-N亚硝化系统的快速启动及稳定运行，研究采用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器启动亚硝化系统，探究间歇曝气与联氨（N₂H₄）投加相结合的新型策略对系统效能及菌群特性的影响。结果表明：阶段I中，仅采用间歇曝气时，NH₄⁺-N转化率（ANCR）和亚硝积累率（NAR）分别为31.06%和35.47%；阶段II采用间歇曝气结合N₂H₄的投加策略，NCR和NAR分别逐步提升至55.71%和93.25%；阶段III中，系统实现了稳定运行，ANCR和NAR分别稳定至50%和100%。氨氧化菌（AOB）Nitrosomonas属的相对丰度提升了1倍，亚硝态氮氧化菌（NOB）Nitrospira属的相对丰度降低至0.23%。AOB活性提升了10.53%，NOB活性降低了37.5%。该新型策略成功促进了低NH₄⁺-N亚硝化系统的启动及稳定运行。
- 低氨氮 /
- 亚硝化 /
- 间歇曝气 /
- N₂H₄ /
- 自养脱氮
Abstract: The key challenge is to ensure the stable operation of the low ammonia nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N） nitrification process， which is essential for advancing the application of autotrophic denitrification technology. To facilitate the rapid startup and stable operation of the low NH₄⁺-N nitrification system， this study employed an upflow anaerobic sludge bed （UASB） reactor for system initiation， exploring the effect of a novel strategy that integrates intermittent aeration with hydrazine （N₂H₄） addition on system efficiency and microbial characteristics. The results showed that in stage I， using only intermittent aeration， the NH₄⁺-N conversion rate （ANCR） and nitrite accumulation rate （NAR） were only 31.06% and 35.47%， respectively. In stage II， with the intermittent aeration combined with N₂H₄ dosing strategy， both ANCR and NAR gradually increased to 55.71% and 93.25%， respectively. By stage III， the system had achieved stable operation， with NCR and NAR stabilizing at 50% and 100%， respectively. The relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in Nitrosomonas increased twofold， while that of nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） in Nitrospira decreased to 0.23%. AOB activity rose by 10.53%， whereas NOB activity dropped by 37.5%. The study demonstrated that this innovative strategy successfully facilitated the startup and stable operation of the low NH₄⁺-N nitrification system.
- low ammonia nitrogen /
- nitrification /
- intermittent aeration /
- N₂H₄ /
- autotrophic denitrification

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