我国华南某城市城区恶臭有机物污染溯源研究

余铂文; 江涛; 廖相羽; 利永康; 游良钫; 曹罡; 朱荣淑; 卢云鹤; 李海雁

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202510026

我国华南某城市城区恶臭有机物污染溯源研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510026

1. 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳) 生态环境学院深圳市有机物污染防控重点实验室, 广东深圳 518055;
2. 深圳市生态环境监测站, 广东深圳 518000

基金项目:

深圳市环境科研课题广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目（2021A1515110887）；深圳市科技创新委员会优秀科技创新人才培养项目（RCBS20210609103731062）

详细信息

作者简介:
余铂文（1999—），男，硕士研究生在读，主要研究方向为恶臭有机污染物溯源。hkyhsq@163.com

通讯作者:
李海雁（1990—），女，博士，助理教授，主要研究方向为大气污染防治。lihaiyan2021@hit.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-18
- 录用日期: 2023-09-15
- 修回日期: 2023-08-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-01

Characteristics of organic pollution from typical urban odor sources and its impact on surrounding air quality

1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Eco-Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China;
2. Shenzhen Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Shenzhen 518000, China

摘要

摘要: 采用“苏码罐采样-大气预浓缩处理-气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析”技术方法，以华南某城市城区的重点恶臭投诉企业及其周边住宅区为研究对象，检测了以芳香烃、羰基化合物、烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃和含硫化合物为主的挥发性恶臭有机物（MVOCs）浓度。研究旨在识别城区典型恶臭污染源的特征MVOCs物种，并通过对污染源与周边住宅区的同步采样，基于特征污染物识别法，探讨恶臭有机物污染溯源的可行性。结果表明：污水厂A、B和C的恶臭源24 h VOCs平均浓度为34.3~44.1 ppb（体积分数10^-9，下同），成分以芳香烃、羰基类化合物、烷烃和卤代烃为主，不同污水厂VOCs组成的差异主要与其处理污水的类型有关。其他受恶臭投诉的企业，包括污泥处理公司、制药企业和生物科技公司，源采样VOCs 24 h平均浓度为13.5~206 ppb，企业间的主要污染物因其主营业务不同而异。周边住宅区环境空气的VOCs 24h平均浓度为4~24.3 ppb，各住宅区VOCs化学组成差异不大，均以芳香烃、烷烃和羰基化合物的含量最为高。在对住宅区环境空气的检测中，重点MVOCs物种，如苯乙烯和二硫化碳未检出或刚达检出限，乙酸乙酯、甲苯和二甲苯（邻\间\对二甲苯）的最高检出浓度均未超过HJ 1262—2022《三点比较式臭袋法》和GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》的规定。恶臭污染源和周边住宅区环境空气24 h同步采样的结果对比显示，各采样点均存在高浓度的芳香烃和羰基类化合物，且冬季采样时随着污水厂和企业的特征MVOCs物种二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的高浓度检出，住宅区环境空气中也出现了较高浓度的二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷。研究为追溯恶臭污染源对周边住宅区的恶臭扰民提供了有力支持，可为环境监管部门进行恶臭污染治理提供科学依据和数据支撑。
- 恶臭污染 /
- 恶臭溯源 /
- VOCs /
- 气相色谱质谱联用
Abstract: This study employed the cornbine SUMA canister sampling-atmospheric pre-concentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） technique to investigate key odor-complaint enterprises and their surrounding residential areas in an urban district of a southern Chinese city. It focused on detecting major malodorous volatile organic compounds （MVOCs）， including aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， alkenes， halogenated hydrocarbons， and sulfur-containing compounds， to explore the feasibility of tracing MVOCs pollution through synchronous sampling of pollution sources and surrounding residential areas. The results showed that the 24-hour average concentration of VOCs from odor sources at Sewage Plants A， B， and C ranged from 34.3 to 44.1 ppb， predominantly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， and halogenated hydrocarbons. Differences in VOC composition among the sewage plants were primarily related to the types of wastewater being treated. Other enterprises with odor complaints， including sludge treatment companies， pharmaceutical companies， and biotechnology firms， exhibited 24-hour average VOC concentrations ranging from 13.5 to 206 ppb， with distinct major pollutants varying according to their core business activities. In contrast， the 24-hour average VOC concentrations in the ambient air of surrounding residential areas ranged from 4 to 24.3 ppb， with similar chemical compositions across different residential zones， predominantly consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons， alkanes， and carbonyl compounds. Key MVOCs species， such as styrene and carbon disulfide， were either undetected or barely reached the detection limits in residential ambient air， while the highest detected concentrations of ethyl acetate， toluene， and xylene （o-， m-， p-xylene） did not exceed the limits set by the "Triangle Odor Bag Method" and the "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants". Comparative analysis of 24-hour synchronous sampling results between odor sources and ambient air in surrounding residential areas revealed high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at all sampling points. During winter sampling， it was found that with the high concentration detection of characteristic MVOCs species， such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane， in sewage treatment plants and enterprises， higher concentrations of dichloromethane and trichloromethane also appeared in the ambient air of the residential areas. This study provides strong support for tracing the impact of odor pollution sources on surrounding residential areas and offers valuable data and scientific evidence for environmental regulatory agencies to manage odor pollution effectively.
- odor pollution /
- odor sources tracing /
- VOCs /
- GC-MS

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