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2015 Vol. 33, No. 1
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2015, 33(1): 1-5.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501001
Abstract:
Based on river reaeration techniques at home and abroad，the research progress was summarized，types of reaeration techniques and relected factors were induced，the problems existing in the reaeration techniques were pointed out，development of research in the future was prospected，and the focus of the future research in this field was put forward．
Based on river reaeration techniques at home and abroad，the research progress was summarized，types of reaeration techniques and relected factors were induced，the problems existing in the reaeration techniques were pointed out，development of research in the future was prospected，and the focus of the future research in this field was put forward．
2015, 33(1): 6-10.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501002
Abstract:
A bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp． SY-6 was immobilized in sodium alginate． The optimal preparation conditions for the strain immobilization were investigated by the experiments and its degradation characteristics were studied． The results showed that when the concentration of sodium alginate was 4%，the concentration of CaCl2 was 3% and immobilized time was 4h，the mechanical strength and the mass transfer performance of obtained immobilized beads were the best and was qualified to degrade nicosulfuron． The optimum pH，initial temperature and inoculation of nicosulfuron degradation by strain SY-6 were 7. 0，30℃ and 5%，respectively． The immobilized bacteria could tolerate pH and temperature in a wider range than the free bacteria． The sequencing batch reactor ( SBr) was used for nicosulfuron wastewater treatment and the results showed that the strain was stable in treating nicoslfuron wasterwater in appropriate usage cycles，which would provide the foundation for the engineering application of the immobilized beads of nicosulfuron degradation strain．
A bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp． SY-6 was immobilized in sodium alginate． The optimal preparation conditions for the strain immobilization were investigated by the experiments and its degradation characteristics were studied． The results showed that when the concentration of sodium alginate was 4%，the concentration of CaCl2 was 3% and immobilized time was 4h，the mechanical strength and the mass transfer performance of obtained immobilized beads were the best and was qualified to degrade nicosulfuron． The optimum pH，initial temperature and inoculation of nicosulfuron degradation by strain SY-6 were 7. 0，30℃ and 5%，respectively． The immobilized bacteria could tolerate pH and temperature in a wider range than the free bacteria． The sequencing batch reactor ( SBr) was used for nicosulfuron wastewater treatment and the results showed that the strain was stable in treating nicoslfuron wasterwater in appropriate usage cycles，which would provide the foundation for the engineering application of the immobilized beads of nicosulfuron degradation strain．
2015, 33(1): 11-14.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501003
Abstract:
A flotation-porous ball-membrane integrated process was exploited to treat micro-polluted lake water with a kind of high algae，low turbidity and high organic substances． The experiment was conducted for more than 3 months，and the attention was focused on the performance of organic substances and algae removals by the integrated process． results showed that the integrated process removed organic substances and algae effectively． The average removal rate of turbidity，color， odor，COD，ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll-a was 97. 8%，81. 7%，71. 4%，71. 9%，61. 4% and 94. 6%，respectively． Membrane had a significant effect on turbidity removal，and its average removal rate by this unit was 56. 7%． Flotation had a significant effect on removals of algae，color，and odor，with corresponding removal rates of 73. 5%，45. 3% and 50. 1%， respectively． Both flotation and porous balls presented good performance on COD and ammonia nitrogen removals． The average removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen by flotation was 30% and 29. 5%，respectively． While the average removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen by the porous balls was 30. 8% and 25. 2%，respectively．
A flotation-porous ball-membrane integrated process was exploited to treat micro-polluted lake water with a kind of high algae，low turbidity and high organic substances． The experiment was conducted for more than 3 months，and the attention was focused on the performance of organic substances and algae removals by the integrated process． results showed that the integrated process removed organic substances and algae effectively． The average removal rate of turbidity，color， odor，COD，ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll-a was 97. 8%，81. 7%，71. 4%，71. 9%，61. 4% and 94. 6%，respectively． Membrane had a significant effect on turbidity removal，and its average removal rate by this unit was 56. 7%． Flotation had a significant effect on removals of algae，color，and odor，with corresponding removal rates of 73. 5%，45. 3% and 50. 1%， respectively． Both flotation and porous balls presented good performance on COD and ammonia nitrogen removals． The average removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen by flotation was 30% and 29. 5%，respectively． While the average removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen by the porous balls was 30. 8% and 25. 2%，respectively．
2015, 33(1): 15-18.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501004
Abstract:
Constructed wetland was studied in eutrophicated landscape water with the constructed wetland 1 and constructed wetland 2 in a conference center． results showed that constructed wetland 1 and constructed wetland 2 both removed COD， TN，TP effectively and plants showed no significant influence on the pollutants removal． TP removal relied mainly on the role of the substrate． COD and TN removal mainly occurred at the front and middle of wetlands，removal efficiencies of the front were higher than that of the middle．
Constructed wetland was studied in eutrophicated landscape water with the constructed wetland 1 and constructed wetland 2 in a conference center． results showed that constructed wetland 1 and constructed wetland 2 both removed COD， TN，TP effectively and plants showed no significant influence on the pollutants removal． TP removal relied mainly on the role of the substrate． COD and TN removal mainly occurred at the front and middle of wetlands，removal efficiencies of the front were higher than that of the middle．
2015, 33(1): 19-22.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501005
Abstract:
The effects of initial pH，initial concentration，current density and complexing agents on the recovery of cadmium were examined． The surface morphology of the deposition was tested by SEM． The phase analyses were obtained by X-ray diffractometer． Experimental results showed that cadmium removal efficiency in the solution reached 99. 3% as the pH 1. 5 ～ 3. 5． The kinetics constants went up with the increase of initial cadmium concentration． The largest deposited mass was produced at the deposition time of 90 min and the suitable current density of 4. 46 mA/cm2 ． Ammonia and cadmium forming complexes could promote the reaction rate of cadmium electrodeposition． Sediments of electrodeposition were tested by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and X-ray diffraction ( XrD ) ． SEM showed that the sediments of dendritic nanostructures． XrD showed that cadmium and cadmium hydroxide were existed mainly．
The effects of initial pH，initial concentration，current density and complexing agents on the recovery of cadmium were examined． The surface morphology of the deposition was tested by SEM． The phase analyses were obtained by X-ray diffractometer． Experimental results showed that cadmium removal efficiency in the solution reached 99. 3% as the pH 1. 5 ～ 3. 5． The kinetics constants went up with the increase of initial cadmium concentration． The largest deposited mass was produced at the deposition time of 90 min and the suitable current density of 4. 46 mA/cm2 ． Ammonia and cadmium forming complexes could promote the reaction rate of cadmium electrodeposition． Sediments of electrodeposition were tested by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and X-ray diffraction ( XrD ) ． SEM showed that the sediments of dendritic nanostructures． XrD showed that cadmium and cadmium hydroxide were existed mainly．
2015, 33(1): 23-26.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501006
Abstract:
The relationship of dialysis time with wastewater conductivity，saltness，the concentration of sulfates，Ca，Mg and organic were studied，in order to investigate the dialysis of yam diosgenin hydrolytic wastewater in homogeneous ion exchange membrane． The results showed that the treatment effect reached steady state after 100 h of dialysis and the conductivity of wastewater and dialysate were practically equal． The separation efficiencies for saltness，H + and SO2 － 4 were 71%，62%， 78% respectively． The removal effect of Ca 2 + was better than that of Mg 2 + ． Most of the organic substances were membrane- impermeable in the process of dialysis．
The relationship of dialysis time with wastewater conductivity，saltness，the concentration of sulfates，Ca，Mg and organic were studied，in order to investigate the dialysis of yam diosgenin hydrolytic wastewater in homogeneous ion exchange membrane． The results showed that the treatment effect reached steady state after 100 h of dialysis and the conductivity of wastewater and dialysate were practically equal． The separation efficiencies for saltness，H + and SO2 － 4 were 71%，62%， 78% respectively． The removal effect of Ca 2 + was better than that of Mg 2 + ． Most of the organic substances were membrane- impermeable in the process of dialysis．
2015, 33(1): 27-31.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501007
Abstract:
As the increasing development of modern industry，industrial wastewater discharged into the environment would cause serious harm to human health and the environment． The toxicity of chromium would change with different valence． In the process of microbial metabolism，Cr ( VI ) can be reduced to less soluble Cr ( III ) and the toxicity would be reduced effectively． Several aspects were summarized such as the type of mechanism of microbial Cr ( VI ) reduction，genetic characteristics of related reductase，microorganisms of Cr ( VI ) reduction，factors influencing reduction，problems in the reduction process and the develogment direction．
As the increasing development of modern industry，industrial wastewater discharged into the environment would cause serious harm to human health and the environment． The toxicity of chromium would change with different valence． In the process of microbial metabolism，Cr ( VI ) can be reduced to less soluble Cr ( III ) and the toxicity would be reduced effectively． Several aspects were summarized such as the type of mechanism of microbial Cr ( VI ) reduction，genetic characteristics of related reductase，microorganisms of Cr ( VI ) reduction，factors influencing reduction，problems in the reduction process and the develogment direction．
2015, 33(1): 32-36.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501008
Abstract:
BIOFOr was applied to treat the mixing pharmaceutical wastewater． BIOFOr reactor started up quickly with the mode of combination of natural hanging and vaccination hanging，and had a good performance，high resistance to impact load capacity，stable running． The average removal rate of COD and NH3 － N reached 72. 45% and 56. 8% respectively． The effluent indexes of BIOFOr could completely meet the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pharmaceutical Industry Mixing /Compounding and Formulation Category ( GB 21908 2008) ． The optimum gas-water ratio of BIOFOr was 5 ∶ 1． Combined air-water backwash mode was taken in BIOFOr．
BIOFOr was applied to treat the mixing pharmaceutical wastewater． BIOFOr reactor started up quickly with the mode of combination of natural hanging and vaccination hanging，and had a good performance，high resistance to impact load capacity，stable running． The average removal rate of COD and NH3 － N reached 72. 45% and 56. 8% respectively． The effluent indexes of BIOFOr could completely meet the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pharmaceutical Industry Mixing /Compounding and Formulation Category ( GB 21908 2008) ． The optimum gas-water ratio of BIOFOr was 5 ∶ 1． Combined air-water backwash mode was taken in BIOFOr．
2015, 33(1): 37-39.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501009
Abstract:
The recent research progress of highly hydrophobic membrane technology was reviewed in treating the oil-water emulsion wastewater，methods to the treatment and demulsification of the oil-water emulsion wastewater were introduced，the mechanism of the hydrophobic membrane phase splitting and demulsification was focused on，the influencing factors of hydrophobic membrane oil-water separation were discussed． Some directions of highly hydrophobic membrane in treating the oil-water emulsion wastewater in the future are finally proposed．
The recent research progress of highly hydrophobic membrane technology was reviewed in treating the oil-water emulsion wastewater，methods to the treatment and demulsification of the oil-water emulsion wastewater were introduced，the mechanism of the hydrophobic membrane phase splitting and demulsification was focused on，the influencing factors of hydrophobic membrane oil-water separation were discussed． Some directions of highly hydrophobic membrane in treating the oil-water emulsion wastewater in the future are finally proposed．
2015, 33(1): 40-44.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501010
Abstract:
According to the high concentrations of industrial wastewater in chemical industrial park，through the analysis of problems existing in original ordinary A2 /O process，the improved A2 /O ditch process was put forward． The transformation operation results showed that the removal rate of COD NH3 －N TP was 57. 26% 76. 94% and 98. 36% respectively; and indexes of the effluent by the biochemical system achieved the first level standard : Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard ( GB 8978 1996) ．
According to the high concentrations of industrial wastewater in chemical industrial park，through the analysis of problems existing in original ordinary A2 /O process，the improved A2 /O ditch process was put forward． The transformation operation results showed that the removal rate of COD NH3 －N TP was 57. 26% 76. 94% and 98. 36% respectively; and indexes of the effluent by the biochemical system achieved the first level standard : Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard ( GB 8978 1996) ．
2015, 33(1): 45-48.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501011
Abstract:
To study the effect of bulking agent type and proportion on the progress of sewage sludge biodrying，an original designed biodrying reactor was used in the simulate experiment． The effect of sewage sludge biodrying using wheat-straw and sawdust as bulking agent and three different adding proportion ( sludge /bulking agent mass ratio of 3 ∶ 1，5 ∶ 1，8 ∶ 1) was investigated． The results showed that using wheat-straw as bulking agent could reach higher temperature than that using sawdust． The moisture content decreased 10. 88%，better than using sawdust which moisture content dropped only 5. 9%． When the proportion of sludge and bulking agent was 5∶1，the biodrying effect and economy was better compared with other proportions． The best operating condition was using wheat-straw of suitable grain size at the proportion of 5∶ 1( sludge /wheat-straw) ．
To study the effect of bulking agent type and proportion on the progress of sewage sludge biodrying，an original designed biodrying reactor was used in the simulate experiment． The effect of sewage sludge biodrying using wheat-straw and sawdust as bulking agent and three different adding proportion ( sludge /bulking agent mass ratio of 3 ∶ 1，5 ∶ 1，8 ∶ 1) was investigated． The results showed that using wheat-straw as bulking agent could reach higher temperature than that using sawdust． The moisture content decreased 10. 88%，better than using sawdust which moisture content dropped only 5. 9%． When the proportion of sludge and bulking agent was 5∶1，the biodrying effect and economy was better compared with other proportions． The best operating condition was using wheat-straw of suitable grain size at the proportion of 5∶ 1( sludge /wheat-straw) ．
2015, 33(1): 49-52.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501012
Abstract:
Through soil infiltration filter system，the effects of difference dry-wet ratio on the removal efficiency of subsurface infiltration system ( SIS) were discussed． At the hydraulic loading of 0. 08 m3 / ( m2 d) ，five kinds of operating conditions were set up，dividing the continuous operation and four dry-wet ratio conditions ( 1 ∶ 2，1 ∶ 1，2 ∶ 1 and 3 ∶ 1) ． The results showed that intermittent running was a positive method to enhance the removal efficiency of SIS． The dry-wet ratio of 1∶ 1 had the best removal efficiency that COD，ammonia nitrogen，TN and TP removal rates reached 90%，95%，70% and 90% respectively． Dry-wet ratio of 1∶ 1 in SIS was suggested when used in the north area predominantly sandy soil．
Through soil infiltration filter system，the effects of difference dry-wet ratio on the removal efficiency of subsurface infiltration system ( SIS) were discussed． At the hydraulic loading of 0. 08 m3 / ( m2 d) ，five kinds of operating conditions were set up，dividing the continuous operation and four dry-wet ratio conditions ( 1 ∶ 2，1 ∶ 1，2 ∶ 1 and 3 ∶ 1) ． The results showed that intermittent running was a positive method to enhance the removal efficiency of SIS． The dry-wet ratio of 1∶ 1 had the best removal efficiency that COD，ammonia nitrogen，TN and TP removal rates reached 90%，95%，70% and 90% respectively． Dry-wet ratio of 1∶ 1 in SIS was suggested when used in the north area predominantly sandy soil．
2015, 33(1): 53-56.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501013
Abstract:
The feasibility of simultaneous removal of nitrate and atrazine from contaminated water using solid-phase aerobic denitrification was studied． The carbon releasing characteristics results indicated that the starch granules turned to be the most suitable carbon source． Volumetric denitrification rate was 7. 03 mg / ( L h) with the intial nitrate concentration of 55 ～ 60 mg /L under the batch experiments， which indicated that nitrate could be effectively removed． There was no effect on aerobic denitrification process with the atrazine concentration less than 10 mg /L， and the denitrification was repressed when atrazine concentration increased to 20 mg /L． When the initial concentration of atrazine was 0. 1 mg /L and 1 mg /L， the removal efficiency of atrazine was 93% and 94. 8% within 24 h under aerobic denitrification condition， respectively． Atrazine removal was mainly due to the absorption onto solid carbon source．
The feasibility of simultaneous removal of nitrate and atrazine from contaminated water using solid-phase aerobic denitrification was studied． The carbon releasing characteristics results indicated that the starch granules turned to be the most suitable carbon source． Volumetric denitrification rate was 7. 03 mg / ( L h) with the intial nitrate concentration of 55 ～ 60 mg /L under the batch experiments， which indicated that nitrate could be effectively removed． There was no effect on aerobic denitrification process with the atrazine concentration less than 10 mg /L， and the denitrification was repressed when atrazine concentration increased to 20 mg /L． When the initial concentration of atrazine was 0. 1 mg /L and 1 mg /L， the removal efficiency of atrazine was 93% and 94. 8% within 24 h under aerobic denitrification condition， respectively． Atrazine removal was mainly due to the absorption onto solid carbon source．
2015, 33(1): 57-61.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501014
Abstract:
Combined with partial nitrification and biological fluidized bed，The process was started with low C/N synthetic wastewater，and the influence on the nitration and nitrosation process was studied by the concentration of COD，ammonia nitrogen， DO and pH in sewage． The study showed that a shorter HrT and less seed sludge was better for the growing of biofilm，and could successfully realize the fast start of biological fluidized bed． High concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent could contribute to the accumulation of nitrite in reactor， but this accumulation was not stable． When pH in reactor was around 7. 5 ～8. 1， amd DO was about 1. 5 ～2. 5 mg /L，the maximum rate of nitrosation could reach 75%，and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was more than 85%． The concentration of NO－ 2 －N and NO－ 3 －N in effluent decreased with the increasing concentration of COD in influent． When the concentration of COD in influent was 50 mg /L，the concentration of nitrate reduced sharply and the concentration of nitrite reduced slowly，nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in reactor．
Combined with partial nitrification and biological fluidized bed，The process was started with low C/N synthetic wastewater，and the influence on the nitration and nitrosation process was studied by the concentration of COD，ammonia nitrogen， DO and pH in sewage． The study showed that a shorter HrT and less seed sludge was better for the growing of biofilm，and could successfully realize the fast start of biological fluidized bed． High concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent could contribute to the accumulation of nitrite in reactor， but this accumulation was not stable． When pH in reactor was around 7. 5 ～8. 1， amd DO was about 1. 5 ～2. 5 mg /L，the maximum rate of nitrosation could reach 75%，and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was more than 85%． The concentration of NO－ 2 －N and NO－ 3 －N in effluent decreased with the increasing concentration of COD in influent． When the concentration of COD in influent was 50 mg /L，the concentration of nitrate reduced sharply and the concentration of nitrite reduced slowly，nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in reactor．
2015, 33(1): 62-66.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501015
Abstract:
Currently，the annual emission load of rural domestic sewage is increasing steadily in China，while the treatment of them is not optimistic that in 96% of the villages drainage and sewage treatment systems hadn t been built，bringing about severe environmental contamination in rural areas． To research the rural non-point source domestic sewage，a pilot apparatus for high rate algal pond ( HrAP) was used to treat the artificial rural non-point source domestic sewage and the optimum operational conditions，impact factors and reaction mechanism were systematically investigated during the process． Based on the optimal culture medium for the algae，the optimum conditions for nitrogen and phosphorus were given: the maximum removal rate of NH + 4 － N，TP and COD exceeded 95%，60% and 90% respectively in the HrAP under the optimal operational conditions of full aeration，temperature of 24 ～ 35 ℃，light intensity of 4 000 Lux，pH 7. 5 and algae concentration of 8 × 105 /mL．
Currently，the annual emission load of rural domestic sewage is increasing steadily in China，while the treatment of them is not optimistic that in 96% of the villages drainage and sewage treatment systems hadn t been built，bringing about severe environmental contamination in rural areas． To research the rural non-point source domestic sewage，a pilot apparatus for high rate algal pond ( HrAP) was used to treat the artificial rural non-point source domestic sewage and the optimum operational conditions，impact factors and reaction mechanism were systematically investigated during the process． Based on the optimal culture medium for the algae，the optimum conditions for nitrogen and phosphorus were given: the maximum removal rate of NH + 4 － N，TP and COD exceeded 95%，60% and 90% respectively in the HrAP under the optimal operational conditions of full aeration，temperature of 24 ～ 35 ℃，light intensity of 4 000 Lux，pH 7. 5 and algae concentration of 8 × 105 /mL．
2015, 33(1): 67-71.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501016
Abstract:
According to the concept of sustainable development，and based on the principle of maximizing the utilization of resources，through technology integration and devices innovation，a comprehensive route has been put foreword to control sewage pollution on swine farm，including the solid-liquid tank，the upflow sequencing biogas digester，the solid-liquid separator，combining with the automatic control system of large-scale biogas project． The model was applied to Xinxing Pigs Breeding Co． ，Ltd． of Fujian Province， and the results showed that: the reusing of manure resources could be come true，and the environmental pollution had been avoided． The comprehensive route was expected to establish a ecological technology model for sewage pollution controlling of large-scale swine farms．
According to the concept of sustainable development，and based on the principle of maximizing the utilization of resources，through technology integration and devices innovation，a comprehensive route has been put foreword to control sewage pollution on swine farm，including the solid-liquid tank，the upflow sequencing biogas digester，the solid-liquid separator，combining with the automatic control system of large-scale biogas project． The model was applied to Xinxing Pigs Breeding Co． ，Ltd． of Fujian Province， and the results showed that: the reusing of manure resources could be come true，and the environmental pollution had been avoided． The comprehensive route was expected to establish a ecological technology model for sewage pollution controlling of large-scale swine farms．
2015, 33(1): 72-76.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501017
Abstract:
In order to improve the particle collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) ，the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP is proposed． The collection performances of this bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP were compared with the ordinary ESP experimentally at room temperature and pressure． The sinter dust with 25. 405 m mass median diameter was used for the test particulate． The pressure loss of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was about 30% higher than that of the ordinary one． The voltage current characteristics of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was superior to the ordinary ESP． The collection efficiency of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was also much greater than that of the ordinary ESP when the electric field in the range 2. 1 kV/cm to 3. 2 kV/cm and the velocity in the range 1. 0 m/ s to 1. 5 m/ s were set up respectively in this experiment．
In order to improve the particle collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator ( ESP) ，the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP is proposed． The collection performances of this bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP were compared with the ordinary ESP experimentally at room temperature and pressure． The sinter dust with 25. 405 m mass median diameter was used for the test particulate． The pressure loss of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was about 30% higher than that of the ordinary one． The voltage current characteristics of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was superior to the ordinary ESP． The collection efficiency of the bipolar charged transverse-plate ESP was also much greater than that of the ordinary ESP when the electric field in the range 2. 1 kV/cm to 3. 2 kV/cm and the velocity in the range 1. 0 m/ s to 1. 5 m/ s were set up respectively in this experiment．
2015, 33(1): 77-79.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501018
Abstract:
In order to solve flue gas acid condensation problems in the thermal recovery of heavy oil，heat transfer calculation model of flue gas along the pipe were established on the basis of continuity equation，energy equation and momentum equation， the flue gas pressure distribution along the pipeline，the temperature distribution and the position of the flue gas acid dew point were calculated，the different components of flue gas and inlet parameter effects on gas pressure，temperature and the acid dew point in pipe were analyzed． The results showed that with the SO3 or water vapor content increasing，the temperature that flue gas acid dew began to appear higher， the distance between condensation point and inlet reduced; The pressure of inlet flue gas increasing，pressure drop became smaller，temperature drop remained 0. 5 unchanged，acid dew point tended closer to the pipe inlet; the higher gas inlet temperature，the bigger pressure drop and temperature drop，the farther from the entrance to the acid dew point position; When insulation layer thickness increasing，the temperature drop decreaseed，and the distance gas start to condensates increased． Calculation and analysis results showed that the reducing SO3 or vapor content in the flue gas could effectively increase the acid dew point distance，reduce the pipeline corrosion problem．
In order to solve flue gas acid condensation problems in the thermal recovery of heavy oil，heat transfer calculation model of flue gas along the pipe were established on the basis of continuity equation，energy equation and momentum equation， the flue gas pressure distribution along the pipeline，the temperature distribution and the position of the flue gas acid dew point were calculated，the different components of flue gas and inlet parameter effects on gas pressure，temperature and the acid dew point in pipe were analyzed． The results showed that with the SO3 or water vapor content increasing，the temperature that flue gas acid dew began to appear higher， the distance between condensation point and inlet reduced; The pressure of inlet flue gas increasing，pressure drop became smaller，temperature drop remained 0. 5 unchanged，acid dew point tended closer to the pipe inlet; the higher gas inlet temperature，the bigger pressure drop and temperature drop，the farther from the entrance to the acid dew point position; When insulation layer thickness increasing，the temperature drop decreaseed，and the distance gas start to condensates increased． Calculation and analysis results showed that the reducing SO3 or vapor content in the flue gas could effectively increase the acid dew point distance，reduce the pipeline corrosion problem．
2015, 33(1): 80-84.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501019
Abstract:
Numerical simulation is an important method to study the spatial and temporal distribution of automotive dusting． The inflow concentration of dusting from the ground is one of the key boundary conditions for numerical solving． Unlike those existing concentration conditions with the overall uniform inflow intensity or the predefined local inflow intensity，the concentration expression of bed load according to the local flow field conditions was deduced． Based on this method，the effects of gravity and wheel rotation on dusting were investigated． The approximate exponential relationship between the automotive speed and the dusting amount was noticed． The present method will provide the positive effect for the further study of pollution caused by vehicles．
Numerical simulation is an important method to study the spatial and temporal distribution of automotive dusting． The inflow concentration of dusting from the ground is one of the key boundary conditions for numerical solving． Unlike those existing concentration conditions with the overall uniform inflow intensity or the predefined local inflow intensity，the concentration expression of bed load according to the local flow field conditions was deduced． Based on this method，the effects of gravity and wheel rotation on dusting were investigated． The approximate exponential relationship between the automotive speed and the dusting amount was noticed． The present method will provide the positive effect for the further study of pollution caused by vehicles．
2015, 33(1): 85-89.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501020
Abstract:
Local exhaust hood is the most effective way to control the buoyant jet with contaminants in industrial buildings． The control effect of the exhaust hood decreases due to the area of hood smaller than the pollutant source because of the internal structure of the industrial plants or their process conditions． regarding this issue，numerical analysis methodology was adopted to study the changing law of buoyant jet flow field under the condition of space confined． A more energy saving method was presented compared to increasing the exhaust air flow rate． Subsequently，the influence law between baffle and capture efficiency was illustrated． Eventually，the result showed that the rational baffle set could highly increase the exhaust hood capture efficiency． Furthermore，the capture efficiency improved along with the increase of dimensionless length of the baffle． The baffle effect was able to reduce the lessening influence upon the capture efficiency caused by increasing the height of hood．
Local exhaust hood is the most effective way to control the buoyant jet with contaminants in industrial buildings． The control effect of the exhaust hood decreases due to the area of hood smaller than the pollutant source because of the internal structure of the industrial plants or their process conditions． regarding this issue，numerical analysis methodology was adopted to study the changing law of buoyant jet flow field under the condition of space confined． A more energy saving method was presented compared to increasing the exhaust air flow rate． Subsequently，the influence law between baffle and capture efficiency was illustrated． Eventually，the result showed that the rational baffle set could highly increase the exhaust hood capture efficiency． Furthermore，the capture efficiency improved along with the increase of dimensionless length of the baffle． The baffle effect was able to reduce the lessening influence upon the capture efficiency caused by increasing the height of hood．
2015, 33(1): 90-94.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501021
Abstract:
Activated carbon was modified with loading copper by roasting-impregnated method． The dynamic adsorption of single component ( toluene or ethyl acetate) and bicomponent ( toluene and ethyl acetate) on the modified activated carbon were investigated． The results showed that the best adsorption performance was observed with AC2． Concretely，for the single component system，the adsorption capacity on the AC2 compared to the unmodified one，increased 29. 7% for toluene and 21. 3% for ethyl acetate，respectively． Meanwhile，the breakthrough time were also delayed by 19. 3% and 18. 6%， respectively． The same trend that the adsorption capacity increased on the modified activated carbon，was also found on bicomponent adsorption increased 19. 4% for toluene and 33. 0% for ethyl acetate． The analysis of BET，SEM，FTIr and XrD indicated that the surface area and total pore volum increases of activated carbon modified by copper，and the complexation of copper and VOC was the main reason．
Activated carbon was modified with loading copper by roasting-impregnated method． The dynamic adsorption of single component ( toluene or ethyl acetate) and bicomponent ( toluene and ethyl acetate) on the modified activated carbon were investigated． The results showed that the best adsorption performance was observed with AC2． Concretely，for the single component system，the adsorption capacity on the AC2 compared to the unmodified one，increased 29. 7% for toluene and 21. 3% for ethyl acetate，respectively． Meanwhile，the breakthrough time were also delayed by 19. 3% and 18. 6%， respectively． The same trend that the adsorption capacity increased on the modified activated carbon，was also found on bicomponent adsorption increased 19. 4% for toluene and 33. 0% for ethyl acetate． The analysis of BET，SEM，FTIr and XrD indicated that the surface area and total pore volum increases of activated carbon modified by copper，and the complexation of copper and VOC was the main reason．
2015, 33(1): 95-99.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501022
Abstract:
H2 S and NH3 emissions not only reduced the nutrient content of compost，and caused odor pollution during organic waste composting． The kitchen waste was chosen as the research object，and the corn stalk was taken as the bulking agent． The added proportions ( mass，wet basis) of corn stalk were set as 5% 10% 15% and 20%． The effects of additive quantity of corn stalk on H2 S and NH3 emission in kitchen waste composting were investigated． The results indicated that all compost products met with national sanitation standard and reached maturity according to composting temperature except treatment T4． Poor O2 transfer was the main reason for H2 S production during waste composting． H2 S release occurred mainly within the first two weeks in this study for all treatments． The H2 S emissions decreased with the increase of additive quantity of stalks． The productions of H2 S were reduced by 35. 5% 44. 7% and 64. 2% for T2，T3 and T4 that compared to T1，respectively． The NH3 had a similar trend to that of H2 S． About 62. 2% ～ 72. 2% of the total NH3 released in the high temperature stage for all treatments． The productions of NH3 were reduced by 36. 9% 45. 2% and 76. 3% for T2，T3 and T4 that compared to T1， respectively． Thus adding corn straws can not only promote the kitchen waste compost，decrease H2 S and NH3 emission in the composting process，but also realize the resource utilization of corn straw．
H2 S and NH3 emissions not only reduced the nutrient content of compost，and caused odor pollution during organic waste composting． The kitchen waste was chosen as the research object，and the corn stalk was taken as the bulking agent． The added proportions ( mass，wet basis) of corn stalk were set as 5% 10% 15% and 20%． The effects of additive quantity of corn stalk on H2 S and NH3 emission in kitchen waste composting were investigated． The results indicated that all compost products met with national sanitation standard and reached maturity according to composting temperature except treatment T4． Poor O2 transfer was the main reason for H2 S production during waste composting． H2 S release occurred mainly within the first two weeks in this study for all treatments． The H2 S emissions decreased with the increase of additive quantity of stalks． The productions of H2 S were reduced by 35. 5% 44. 7% and 64. 2% for T2，T3 and T4 that compared to T1，respectively． The NH3 had a similar trend to that of H2 S． About 62. 2% ～ 72. 2% of the total NH3 released in the high temperature stage for all treatments． The productions of NH3 were reduced by 36. 9% 45. 2% and 76. 3% for T2，T3 and T4 that compared to T1， respectively． Thus adding corn straws can not only promote the kitchen waste compost，decrease H2 S and NH3 emission in the composting process，but also realize the resource utilization of corn straw．
2015, 33(1): 100-104.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501023
Abstract:
The reduction experiments of Bayer red mud were carried out by using precise reduction method． The indicator of the experiment was the reduction rate of iron oxide． Its impact factors and changing scopes were that the average size of the red mud particles of 1. 24 to 2. 43 m，gaseous reducing agent CO-H2 reduction temperature of 700 ～ 1 000 ℃ and the reduction time of 2 ～ 4 h． The results showed that the effect of the reaction temperature on the reduction rate was significant，and other factors were not; the optimal conditions for the reduction rate were fine grinding red mud particle average size of 1. 236 m， gaseous reducing agent of H2，reduction temperature of 1 000 ℃，and reduction time of 4 h; under the optimal condition，the reduction rate was higher than 99%; during the precise reduction process，no sintering appeared between particles，making it possibile to separate the iron from other elements by physical method; the tailing could be taken as the desulfurization slag for steel after the separation of iron．
The reduction experiments of Bayer red mud were carried out by using precise reduction method． The indicator of the experiment was the reduction rate of iron oxide． Its impact factors and changing scopes were that the average size of the red mud particles of 1. 24 to 2. 43 m，gaseous reducing agent CO-H2 reduction temperature of 700 ～ 1 000 ℃ and the reduction time of 2 ～ 4 h． The results showed that the effect of the reaction temperature on the reduction rate was significant，and other factors were not; the optimal conditions for the reduction rate were fine grinding red mud particle average size of 1. 236 m， gaseous reducing agent of H2，reduction temperature of 1 000 ℃，and reduction time of 4 h; under the optimal condition，the reduction rate was higher than 99%; during the precise reduction process，no sintering appeared between particles，making it possibile to separate the iron from other elements by physical method; the tailing could be taken as the desulfurization slag for steel after the separation of iron．
2015, 33(1): 105-108.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501024
Abstract:
Taking polluted soil surrounding a Shougang coking workshop as sample object，TG analysis，and thermal analysis on raw soil and cement raw mill experiments were conducted，the results showed that: The polluted soil contained various organic pollutants of PAHs，and the total concentration of PAHs was about 156. 39 mg /kg． Weight loss of the soil contaminated by PAHs could be divided into three stages at 850 ℃: Water losing stage，organic matter decomposition stage， and inorganic carbonate decomposition stage． With the increase of heating temperature，removal rate of total PAHs in raw soil went up． Using polluted soil as cement siliceous raw material，except naphthalene，acenaphthene，two hydrogen acenaphthene and anthracene，other organic compounds of PAHs had residues at 300 ℃ and small amounts of phenanthrene had residue at 600 ℃，showing that cement raw material had certain adsorption on PAHs pollutants． Therefore，when polluted soil of PAHs was coprocessed into the cement kiln，the content of pollutants in flue gas volatilization should be focused on．
Taking polluted soil surrounding a Shougang coking workshop as sample object，TG analysis，and thermal analysis on raw soil and cement raw mill experiments were conducted，the results showed that: The polluted soil contained various organic pollutants of PAHs，and the total concentration of PAHs was about 156. 39 mg /kg． Weight loss of the soil contaminated by PAHs could be divided into three stages at 850 ℃: Water losing stage，organic matter decomposition stage， and inorganic carbonate decomposition stage． With the increase of heating temperature，removal rate of total PAHs in raw soil went up． Using polluted soil as cement siliceous raw material，except naphthalene，acenaphthene，two hydrogen acenaphthene and anthracene，other organic compounds of PAHs had residues at 300 ℃ and small amounts of phenanthrene had residue at 600 ℃，showing that cement raw material had certain adsorption on PAHs pollutants． Therefore，when polluted soil of PAHs was coprocessed into the cement kiln，the content of pollutants in flue gas volatilization should be focused on．
2015, 33(1): 109-111.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501025
Abstract:
An experimental study on composting and utilization of the slaughterhouse sludge around Yibin county was carried out，taking germination index as the reference，to evaluate the effects of temperature，added agents，fillers，pile size，initial pH，carbon to nitrogen ratio and initial moisture content on the degree of compost maturity． The results show that: Compost temperature went up initially and then decreased，getting a peak on the 13th day． The optimistic composting effect could be gained when the temperature reached to 60 ～ 70 ℃ during the high temperature phase． Adding active bacterium agents could greatly enhance the ability of organic matter degradation and shorten the time and improve the fertilizer s performance; Using sawdust as the filling material could promote the process of composting greatly; In order to facilitate rapid decomposition of sludge，the initial pH value should be controlled at about 7． 5，carbon nitrogen ratio ( C/N) is about 25，the initial moisture content of 55%． The study can provide theoretical references for the harmless and economical utilization on slaughterhouse sludge．
An experimental study on composting and utilization of the slaughterhouse sludge around Yibin county was carried out，taking germination index as the reference，to evaluate the effects of temperature，added agents，fillers，pile size，initial pH，carbon to nitrogen ratio and initial moisture content on the degree of compost maturity． The results show that: Compost temperature went up initially and then decreased，getting a peak on the 13th day． The optimistic composting effect could be gained when the temperature reached to 60 ～ 70 ℃ during the high temperature phase． Adding active bacterium agents could greatly enhance the ability of organic matter degradation and shorten the time and improve the fertilizer s performance; Using sawdust as the filling material could promote the process of composting greatly; In order to facilitate rapid decomposition of sludge，the initial pH value should be controlled at about 7． 5，carbon nitrogen ratio ( C/N) is about 25，the initial moisture content of 55%． The study can provide theoretical references for the harmless and economical utilization on slaughterhouse sludge．
2015, 33(1): 112-116.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501026
Abstract:
To understand the preparation characteristics and component of the wood vinegar based on medical waste as the raw material，the magnetic pyrolysis experiment have been modulated and the condensed liquid has been collected to do component analysis by GC-MS． Thirty-eight kinds of organic ingredients have been detected out，including organic acids，phenols， aldehydes，ketones and esters． Using the area normalization method for quantitative analysis of the main components，the results showed that the component of condensed liquid from magnetized pyrolysis of medical waste was very close with the wood vinegar，especially the high content of acetic acid ( 18. 48%) and phenol ( 5. 15%) ，which proved that it was possible to prepare wood vinegar from medical waste by magnetized pyrolysis． However， the influence on the function caused by the differences in component between the two kinds of liquids needs further exploration．
To understand the preparation characteristics and component of the wood vinegar based on medical waste as the raw material，the magnetic pyrolysis experiment have been modulated and the condensed liquid has been collected to do component analysis by GC-MS． Thirty-eight kinds of organic ingredients have been detected out，including organic acids，phenols， aldehydes，ketones and esters． Using the area normalization method for quantitative analysis of the main components，the results showed that the component of condensed liquid from magnetized pyrolysis of medical waste was very close with the wood vinegar，especially the high content of acetic acid ( 18. 48%) and phenol ( 5. 15%) ，which proved that it was possible to prepare wood vinegar from medical waste by magnetized pyrolysis． However， the influence on the function caused by the differences in component between the two kinds of liquids needs further exploration．
2015, 33(1): 117-119.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501027
Abstract:
With the progress of researching on the components of bio-fermentation residue，measures to utilize and manage residue in China are changing constantly． Drawing lessons from the managerial pattern and managerial experience as well as the analysis upon the current existing problems of management of Chinese bio-fermentation residue， the related suggestion upon management of the bio-fermentation residue were put forward，to enhance the management of bio-fermentation residue and provide new ideas to achieve the aim that the bio-fermentation residue could be managed in the whole process．
With the progress of researching on the components of bio-fermentation residue，measures to utilize and manage residue in China are changing constantly． Drawing lessons from the managerial pattern and managerial experience as well as the analysis upon the current existing problems of management of Chinese bio-fermentation residue， the related suggestion upon management of the bio-fermentation residue were put forward，to enhance the management of bio-fermentation residue and provide new ideas to achieve the aim that the bio-fermentation residue could be managed in the whole process．
2015, 33(1): 120-122.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501028
Abstract:
The environment of groundwater is vulnerable in the area of Guizhou with complex karst． It is important to march groundwater pollution risk assessment in reality． The groundwater pollution by ash field in a power factory of coal-electricity integration in Southwest Guizhou Province has been taken as an example for risk assessment． The documents such as depth o groundwater，aquifer media，vadose zone media，vegetation distribution，pollution mode and function of groundwater has been collected． According to the groundwater characteristics in karst area and the influence of groundwater environment from ash， the groundwater pollution risk assessment index system of ash field in karst area has been built． The AHP method has been applied to calculate the weight of all index and total score of risk． The results showed the total score of risk was 2. 7295，which was not high within the low-risk range． This method had potential applicability for groundwater risk assessment on ash field， which provided a reference for field location in karst area and controlling seepage．
The environment of groundwater is vulnerable in the area of Guizhou with complex karst． It is important to march groundwater pollution risk assessment in reality． The groundwater pollution by ash field in a power factory of coal-electricity integration in Southwest Guizhou Province has been taken as an example for risk assessment． The documents such as depth o groundwater，aquifer media，vadose zone media，vegetation distribution，pollution mode and function of groundwater has been collected． According to the groundwater characteristics in karst area and the influence of groundwater environment from ash， the groundwater pollution risk assessment index system of ash field in karst area has been built． The AHP method has been applied to calculate the weight of all index and total score of risk． The results showed the total score of risk was 2. 7295，which was not high within the low-risk range． This method had potential applicability for groundwater risk assessment on ash field， which provided a reference for field location in karst area and controlling seepage．
2015, 33(1): 123-127.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501029
Abstract:
The purpose of establishing and implementing TMDL is to indentify the specific pollution control unit and the land use status，to propose some control measures about concentration and total amount for point source and non-point source pollutants emissions，within the unit which are necessary to facilitate the implementation of best watershed management and pollution control plan at the whole basin，to meet the water-quality target management requirements． Taking the Navarro river as an example，through the analysis of the TMDLs for temperature，and combined with the water-quality target management technology in our country，the suggestions and methods of the basin temperature load distribution were put forward． Some references were provide for our country water environment management about river temperature in the future．
The purpose of establishing and implementing TMDL is to indentify the specific pollution control unit and the land use status，to propose some control measures about concentration and total amount for point source and non-point source pollutants emissions，within the unit which are necessary to facilitate the implementation of best watershed management and pollution control plan at the whole basin，to meet the water-quality target management requirements． Taking the Navarro river as an example，through the analysis of the TMDLs for temperature，and combined with the water-quality target management technology in our country，the suggestions and methods of the basin temperature load distribution were put forward． Some references were provide for our country water environment management about river temperature in the future．
2015, 33(1): 128-131.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501030
Abstract:
This article summarizes the status quo and the latest developments of regulatory air quality model at home and abroad，compares and analyzes the characteristics of regulatory air quality model system in different countries / regions， summarizes the main issues of regulatory air quality models in China，and proposes specific direction of construction of regulatory air quality model system which will play a guiding role in relevant respects．
This article summarizes the status quo and the latest developments of regulatory air quality model at home and abroad，compares and analyzes the characteristics of regulatory air quality model system in different countries / regions， summarizes the main issues of regulatory air quality models in China，and proposes specific direction of construction of regulatory air quality model system which will play a guiding role in relevant respects．
2015, 33(1): 132-136.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501031
Abstract:
The purpose of establishing and implementing TMDL is to indentify the specific pollution control unit and the land use status，to propose some control measures about concentration and total amount for point source and non-point source pollutants emissions，within the unit which are necessary to facilitate the implementation of best watershed management and pollution control plan at the whole basin，to meet the water-quality target management requirements． Taking the Navarro river as an example，through the analysis of the TMDLs for temperature，and combined with the water-quality target management technology in our country，the suggestions and methods of the basin temperature load distribution were put forward． Some references were provide for our country water environment management about river temperature in the future．
The purpose of establishing and implementing TMDL is to indentify the specific pollution control unit and the land use status，to propose some control measures about concentration and total amount for point source and non-point source pollutants emissions，within the unit which are necessary to facilitate the implementation of best watershed management and pollution control plan at the whole basin，to meet the water-quality target management requirements． Taking the Navarro river as an example，through the analysis of the TMDLs for temperature，and combined with the water-quality target management technology in our country，the suggestions and methods of the basin temperature load distribution were put forward． Some references were provide for our country water environment management about river temperature in the future．
2015, 33(1): 137-140.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501032
Abstract:
This article summarizes the status quo and the latest developments of regulatory air quality model at home and abroad，compares and analyzes the characteristics of regulatory air quality model system in different countries / regions， summarizes the main issues of regulatory air quality models in China，and proposes specific direction of construction of regulatory air quality model system which will play a guiding role in relevant respects．
This article summarizes the status quo and the latest developments of regulatory air quality model at home and abroad，compares and analyzes the characteristics of regulatory air quality model system in different countries / regions， summarizes the main issues of regulatory air quality models in China，and proposes specific direction of construction of regulatory air quality model system which will play a guiding role in relevant respects．
2015, 33(1): 141-145.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501033
Abstract:
Through the careful interpretation of the Detailed Grading regulations of Work Safety Standardization Basic Norms in Metallurgical and Other Industry and Trade Industries ，the safety early warning indicator was broken down into 13 level indicators and 38 secondary indicators，then，the corresponding normalized weights were given after treatment to the corresponding index． For these thirteen security warning indicators，mathematical quantitative models were established， meanwhile，calculation methods and the security state division of early warning indicators were given． Combined with GM ( 1， 1) gray prediction theory and Gray Model，predictive models were built suitable for industry and trade enterprises and predictions were made aimed at the early warning index in the future helping industry and trade corporation predominate dynamic safety production in real-time and making a scientific and reasonable decisions．
Through the careful interpretation of the Detailed Grading regulations of Work Safety Standardization Basic Norms in Metallurgical and Other Industry and Trade Industries ，the safety early warning indicator was broken down into 13 level indicators and 38 secondary indicators，then，the corresponding normalized weights were given after treatment to the corresponding index． For these thirteen security warning indicators，mathematical quantitative models were established， meanwhile，calculation methods and the security state division of early warning indicators were given． Combined with GM ( 1， 1) gray prediction theory and Gray Model，predictive models were built suitable for industry and trade enterprises and predictions were made aimed at the early warning index in the future helping industry and trade corporation predominate dynamic safety production in real-time and making a scientific and reasonable decisions．
2015, 33(1): 146-149.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501034
Abstract:
58 roads and 20 noise-sensitive buildings were measured between October and December 2013 in Guangzhou． Compared to the data from 2011 to 2013，the variation of traffic noise in Guangzhou was analyzed． The results showed that the road equivalent noise pressure level fluctuated around 71 dB in the daytime and 70 dB at night． For the data measured in 2013，the average equivalent noise pressure level beside the noise-sensitive buildings was 65. 1 dB in the daytime and 64. 6 dB at night． The average value of maximal burst noise at night was 80. 7 dB． In addition，the frequency gravity center of every road was calculated，and the distributions of day and night frequency gravity center were basically the same with the highest concentrations from 1 000 Hz to 2 000 Hz．
58 roads and 20 noise-sensitive buildings were measured between October and December 2013 in Guangzhou． Compared to the data from 2011 to 2013，the variation of traffic noise in Guangzhou was analyzed． The results showed that the road equivalent noise pressure level fluctuated around 71 dB in the daytime and 70 dB at night． For the data measured in 2013，the average equivalent noise pressure level beside the noise-sensitive buildings was 65. 1 dB in the daytime and 64. 6 dB at night． The average value of maximal burst noise at night was 80. 7 dB． In addition，the frequency gravity center of every road was calculated，and the distributions of day and night frequency gravity center were basically the same with the highest concentrations from 1 000 Hz to 2 000 Hz．
2015, 33(1): 150-153.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501035
Abstract:
Because of the long time taken by a construction project from approval to acceptance，and the large number o projects annual approved by environmental protection departments，it is difficult to rely on the traditional management tools t track those projects． The whole process regulation of construction project has not been carried out effectively，and som significant changes of construction project can t be found until acceptance check，which affects implementation results o environmental impact assessment system seriously． Through the application of remote sensing technology，and supported by th related auxiliary evaluating system and large amounts of data of National EIA database，a dynamic regulation system was buil to achieve dynamic monitor and management of construction projects． EIA management of construction project transformed from single administrative means to comprehensive application of administration and technical means．
Because of the long time taken by a construction project from approval to acceptance，and the large number o projects annual approved by environmental protection departments，it is difficult to rely on the traditional management tools t track those projects． The whole process regulation of construction project has not been carried out effectively，and som significant changes of construction project can t be found until acceptance check，which affects implementation results o environmental impact assessment system seriously． Through the application of remote sensing technology，and supported by th related auxiliary evaluating system and large amounts of data of National EIA database，a dynamic regulation system was buil to achieve dynamic monitor and management of construction projects． EIA management of construction project transformed from single administrative means to comprehensive application of administration and technical means．
2015, 33(1): 154-158.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501036
Abstract:
In order to investigate the influence of calcination temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2， nanometer titania photocatalysts have been prepared with sol-gel technique by using dibutyl phthalate as the precursor． Methylene blue was used to evaluate photocatalytic activity of TiO2 ． TG analysis results showed that the phase transition from anatase to rutile occurred during the temperature range of 450 ～ 700 ℃． XrD analysis results demonstrated that TiO2 crystal structure was affected by temperature obviously． TiO2 anatase crystal structure could be obtained in 450 ～ 600 ℃，and TiO2 rutile crystal structure occurred at 650 ℃． Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue test described that calcination temperature had a great influence on TiO2 photocatalytic activity． Using TiO2 calcined at 450 ～ 600 ℃，the methylene blue photodegradation rate could reach 95% ～ 97% after 2. 5 h． The 2-chlorobenzoic acid photodegradation rate could reach 80% after 6 h using TiO2 calcined at 550 ℃，and the photodegradation process agreed to zero-roder reaction kinetics model．
In order to investigate the influence of calcination temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2， nanometer titania photocatalysts have been prepared with sol-gel technique by using dibutyl phthalate as the precursor． Methylene blue was used to evaluate photocatalytic activity of TiO2 ． TG analysis results showed that the phase transition from anatase to rutile occurred during the temperature range of 450 ～ 700 ℃． XrD analysis results demonstrated that TiO2 crystal structure was affected by temperature obviously． TiO2 anatase crystal structure could be obtained in 450 ～ 600 ℃，and TiO2 rutile crystal structure occurred at 650 ℃． Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue test described that calcination temperature had a great influence on TiO2 photocatalytic activity． Using TiO2 calcined at 450 ～ 600 ℃，the methylene blue photodegradation rate could reach 95% ～ 97% after 2. 5 h． The 2-chlorobenzoic acid photodegradation rate could reach 80% after 6 h using TiO2 calcined at 550 ℃，and the photodegradation process agreed to zero-roder reaction kinetics model．
2015, 33(1): 159-162.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501037
Abstract:
The present and ongoing researches and application of chromium contaminated site remediation technologies were reviewed in China and abroad． A developmental need was discussed in chromium remediation technology and soil washing technology，chemical detoxification technology，electrokinetic remediation technology and stabilization technology were focusesed on． For the deficiency existing in these remediation technologies，the combination of chemical detoxification and stabilization technology was developed and applied in chromium-polluted soil from Shanxi． The results showed that the leaching concentration of total chromium and hexavalent chromium was lowered． This illustrates the combination technology of chemical detoxification and stabilization had a good stabilizing effect on remediation for the chromium contaminated site and could be efficiently applied in engineering practice．
The present and ongoing researches and application of chromium contaminated site remediation technologies were reviewed in China and abroad． A developmental need was discussed in chromium remediation technology and soil washing technology，chemical detoxification technology，electrokinetic remediation technology and stabilization technology were focusesed on． For the deficiency existing in these remediation technologies，the combination of chemical detoxification and stabilization technology was developed and applied in chromium-polluted soil from Shanxi． The results showed that the leaching concentration of total chromium and hexavalent chromium was lowered． This illustrates the combination technology of chemical detoxification and stabilization had a good stabilizing effect on remediation for the chromium contaminated site and could be efficiently applied in engineering practice．
2015, 33(1): 163-167.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201501038
Abstract:
Simulated soil column leaching experiment in laboratory using FeCl3 and organic acid( citric acid，malic acid， tartaric acid) were conducted to study the composite leaching agent concentration，dosage and the leaching times． And the chemical forms of Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil were determined before and after column leaching． The results showed， the optimum concentrations were 10 mmol /L ( FeCl3 ) and 20 mmol /L ( organic acid) ． And the removal rates of Cd and Pb were 72. 15% and 30. 26%，respectively． The efficency of composite leaching agent had increased substantially compared with using a single leaching agent． Composite leaching agent could effectively remove exchange status，carbonate status and oxide combination patterns of heavy metals，and the effect on organis status and residual status was not obvious． The removal of Cd was easier than Pb，which mainly due to the presence of Cd in contaminated soil was exchange status，carbonate status and iron manganese oxide status，while the existence of Pb was mainly the organic status and residual status． After leaching，Cd and Pb in the soil achieved the environmental quality standards．
Simulated soil column leaching experiment in laboratory using FeCl3 and organic acid( citric acid，malic acid， tartaric acid) were conducted to study the composite leaching agent concentration，dosage and the leaching times． And the chemical forms of Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil were determined before and after column leaching． The results showed， the optimum concentrations were 10 mmol /L ( FeCl3 ) and 20 mmol /L ( organic acid) ． And the removal rates of Cd and Pb were 72. 15% and 30. 26%，respectively． The efficency of composite leaching agent had increased substantially compared with using a single leaching agent． Composite leaching agent could effectively remove exchange status，carbonate status and oxide combination patterns of heavy metals，and the effect on organis status and residual status was not obvious． The removal of Cd was easier than Pb，which mainly due to the presence of Cd in contaminated soil was exchange status，carbonate status and iron manganese oxide status，while the existence of Pb was mainly the organic status and residual status． After leaching，Cd and Pb in the soil achieved the environmental quality standards．
