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2015 Vol. 33, No. 10
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2015, 33(10): 1-4.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510001
Abstract:
Modified the mixing fly ash and pyrite cinder by hydrochloric acid，and the compound modified product was applied to adsorb the hexavalent chromium in waste water． The preparation conditions of the composite modified product were: Ash ratio is 10∶ 1，the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 30%，modified time was 1 h in the boiling state． When the hexavalent chromium concentration was 5 mg /L，pH was 6，and the adsorbent dosage was 40 g /L，the adsorption reaction temperature was 10 ℃， the adsorption reaction reached balance after 1 h with the adsorption efficiency of more than 97%． This adsorption reaction conformed to Langmuir isothermal equation and Freundlich isothermal equation，which was synergistic reaction of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption． Research showed that the compound modification method was low-cost and easilyoperated and was suitable to dispose chromium-containing wastewater at a low concentration，contributing to the resource utilization of solid waste．
Modified the mixing fly ash and pyrite cinder by hydrochloric acid，and the compound modified product was applied to adsorb the hexavalent chromium in waste water． The preparation conditions of the composite modified product were: Ash ratio is 10∶ 1，the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 30%，modified time was 1 h in the boiling state． When the hexavalent chromium concentration was 5 mg /L，pH was 6，and the adsorbent dosage was 40 g /L，the adsorption reaction temperature was 10 ℃， the adsorption reaction reached balance after 1 h with the adsorption efficiency of more than 97%． This adsorption reaction conformed to Langmuir isothermal equation and Freundlich isothermal equation，which was synergistic reaction of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption． Research showed that the compound modification method was low-cost and easilyoperated and was suitable to dispose chromium-containing wastewater at a low concentration，contributing to the resource utilization of solid waste．
2015, 33(10): 5-9.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510002
Abstract:
The effects of denitrifying bacteria dosage on the bioremediation of sediments were explored． The sediments，as well as water samples，taken from Chaoyang Creek in Nanning with four different dosages of denitrifying bacteria were studied under laboratory conditions． The results showed that the dosage of denitrifying bacteria at 0. 5 g /m3 had better bioremediation effect of sediments than other three dosages after 6 weeks，the sediment thickness decreased 3. 43 cm，removal efficiency of organic matters was 13. 6%，growth rate of G was 280. 8%，the oxide layer was about 0. 7 cm，every indexes achieved stability after 25 days． The dosage of denitrifying bacteria at 0. 25 g /m3 was better than others to improve water quality，the removal rates of COD，NH3－N，TN and TP in overlying water reached 76. 5%，94. 4%，87. 8% and 79. 4% respectively after 6 weeks．
The effects of denitrifying bacteria dosage on the bioremediation of sediments were explored． The sediments，as well as water samples，taken from Chaoyang Creek in Nanning with four different dosages of denitrifying bacteria were studied under laboratory conditions． The results showed that the dosage of denitrifying bacteria at 0. 5 g /m3 had better bioremediation effect of sediments than other three dosages after 6 weeks，the sediment thickness decreased 3. 43 cm，removal efficiency of organic matters was 13. 6%，growth rate of G was 280. 8%，the oxide layer was about 0. 7 cm，every indexes achieved stability after 25 days． The dosage of denitrifying bacteria at 0. 25 g /m3 was better than others to improve water quality，the removal rates of COD，NH3－N，TN and TP in overlying water reached 76. 5%，94. 4%，87. 8% and 79. 4% respectively after 6 weeks．
2015, 33(10): 10-14.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510003
Abstract:
MBR aeration system and operation mode was improved and optimized in pilot-scale MBR integration equipment， and a contrast experiment was carried out with conventional MBR aeration system and operation mode． The results showed that compared with the conventional MBR aeration system and operation mode，the air /water ratio in the new MBR aeration system could reduce about 20%，backwashing cycle could extend more than 1. 2 times at least and the energy consumption of MBR could reduce about 14%，but it had smaller effect on increasing the membrane flux．
MBR aeration system and operation mode was improved and optimized in pilot-scale MBR integration equipment， and a contrast experiment was carried out with conventional MBR aeration system and operation mode． The results showed that compared with the conventional MBR aeration system and operation mode，the air /water ratio in the new MBR aeration system could reduce about 20%，backwashing cycle could extend more than 1. 2 times at least and the energy consumption of MBR could reduce about 14%，but it had smaller effect on increasing the membrane flux．
2015, 33(10): 15-20.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510004
Abstract:
The numerical simulation analysis of rectangular settling tanks was carried out in wastewater treatment plants ( WWTPs) by using the Fluent15. 0． The RNG k － ε and eulerian two-fluid models were selected． The reliability of the selected model was verified by the experimental results of Imam in the University of Windsor in Canada． Two indicators were selected including the concentration of effluent suspended solids and the proportion of density flow． Three factors were analyzed including the size of sludge particle，the surface overflow rate and the proportion of baffle． The results showed that the effect of separation between sludge and water was influenced by the size of sludge particle． Moreover，the optimized particle size was 300 μm． The surface overflow rate influenced the concentration of effluent suspended solids intensively． The concentration of the effluent suspended solids and the proportion of density flow were increased by nonlinear with the increase of surface overflow rate． In addition，the optimized proportion of baffle was 60% in the rectangular settling tanks． At this proportion，the energy dissipation was increased，the proportion of density flow was decreased． Meanwhile，the concentration of effluent suspended solids was lower．
The numerical simulation analysis of rectangular settling tanks was carried out in wastewater treatment plants ( WWTPs) by using the Fluent15. 0． The RNG k － ε and eulerian two-fluid models were selected． The reliability of the selected model was verified by the experimental results of Imam in the University of Windsor in Canada． Two indicators were selected including the concentration of effluent suspended solids and the proportion of density flow． Three factors were analyzed including the size of sludge particle，the surface overflow rate and the proportion of baffle． The results showed that the effect of separation between sludge and water was influenced by the size of sludge particle． Moreover，the optimized particle size was 300 μm． The surface overflow rate influenced the concentration of effluent suspended solids intensively． The concentration of the effluent suspended solids and the proportion of density flow were increased by nonlinear with the increase of surface overflow rate． In addition，the optimized proportion of baffle was 60% in the rectangular settling tanks． At this proportion，the energy dissipation was increased，the proportion of density flow was decreased． Meanwhile，the concentration of effluent suspended solids was lower．
2015, 33(10): 21-25.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510005
Abstract:
A method for concentrating algae solution was introduced for the production of biofuels． Algae solution in the water bloom course was concentrated． Enrichment process indicates that: When the temperature was in the range of 21. 5 ～ 22. 9 ℃， the dissolved oxygen in the supernatant was in the range of 19. 91 ～ 4. 39 mg /L; pH was in the range of 9. 98 ～ 10. 54; the conductivity was in the range of 1 321 ～ 1 459 μS /cm; the oxidation-reduction potential was in the range of － 23. 6 ～ 113. 1 mV; the concentration mutiple was in the range of 26. 58 ～ 28. 95． When the initial concentration of algae was 0. 94 g / L，the mean dry weight of algae solution was 25. 47 g /L after concentration． The conclusion was that the settlement system ran stable for a long time and was suitable for the concentration of algae．
A method for concentrating algae solution was introduced for the production of biofuels． Algae solution in the water bloom course was concentrated． Enrichment process indicates that: When the temperature was in the range of 21. 5 ～ 22. 9 ℃， the dissolved oxygen in the supernatant was in the range of 19. 91 ～ 4. 39 mg /L; pH was in the range of 9. 98 ～ 10. 54; the conductivity was in the range of 1 321 ～ 1 459 μS /cm; the oxidation-reduction potential was in the range of － 23. 6 ～ 113. 1 mV; the concentration mutiple was in the range of 26. 58 ～ 28. 95． When the initial concentration of algae was 0. 94 g / L，the mean dry weight of algae solution was 25. 47 g /L after concentration． The conclusion was that the settlement system ran stable for a long time and was suitable for the concentration of algae．
2015, 33(10): 26-30.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510006
Abstract:
Ozone oxidation methods were used to treat the marine oil and gas pipelines washing wastewater． The effect of various factors ( ozone dosing quantity、pH and inlet flow) on degradation of COD were investigated． On the basis of single factor experiment，three factors including ozone dosing quantity、pH、inlet flow were designed and optimized by Design Expert 8. 0. 6， the quadratic polynomial model was obtained． Analysis showed that the model had a significant influence on the removal rate of COD． The optimal reaction conditions were determined: The ozone dosing quantity was 9. 5 g /h，pH = 8. 92，inlet flow was 2. 33 L/min． Under the optimum conditions，COD removal rate was 39. 21%，while the model predictive value of 38. 06%． The model was high goodness of fit with actual situation．
Ozone oxidation methods were used to treat the marine oil and gas pipelines washing wastewater． The effect of various factors ( ozone dosing quantity、pH and inlet flow) on degradation of COD were investigated． On the basis of single factor experiment，three factors including ozone dosing quantity、pH、inlet flow were designed and optimized by Design Expert 8. 0. 6， the quadratic polynomial model was obtained． Analysis showed that the model had a significant influence on the removal rate of COD． The optimal reaction conditions were determined: The ozone dosing quantity was 9. 5 g /h，pH = 8. 92，inlet flow was 2. 33 L/min． Under the optimum conditions，COD removal rate was 39. 21%，while the model predictive value of 38. 06%． The model was high goodness of fit with actual situation．
2015, 33(10): 31-34.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510007
Abstract:
The paper makes use of the principle of hydroxyl radical and studies degradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons naphthalene and fluorene with the different factors ( UV wavelength，pH and H2O2 ) under the UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 /H2O2 oxidation systems． The results showed the best condition and combination． For naphthalene and fluorene，the best condition of UV/H2O2 system was H2O2 = 0. 001 mol or 0. 1 mol． The best conditions of the UV/TiO2 /H2O2 system was UVC，pH = 8. 5，ρ( H2O2 ) = 10 g /L． The experimental results showed that the UV/TiO2 /H2O2 was better for the degradation effect of naphthalene and fluorene in oilfield produced water than UV/H2O2 ．
The paper makes use of the principle of hydroxyl radical and studies degradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons naphthalene and fluorene with the different factors ( UV wavelength，pH and H2O2 ) under the UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 /H2O2 oxidation systems． The results showed the best condition and combination． For naphthalene and fluorene，the best condition of UV/H2O2 system was H2O2 = 0. 001 mol or 0. 1 mol． The best conditions of the UV/TiO2 /H2O2 system was UVC，pH = 8. 5，ρ( H2O2 ) = 10 g /L． The experimental results showed that the UV/TiO2 /H2O2 was better for the degradation effect of naphthalene and fluorene in oilfield produced water than UV/H2O2 ．
2015, 33(10): 35-37.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510008
Abstract:
The process of MVR technology combined with evaporation crystallization technology in treatment of hypersaline wastewater was modelled and simulated， and the calculated results were in good agreement with experimental data． Meanwhile，the effect of compression ratio and operating pressure on the COP and the heat transfer temperature difference in forced circulation heater were analyzed． The optimum conditions were obtained: Compression ratio was 1. 7 ～ 2 and the operating pressure was 45 ～ 60 kPa． The study results had a guiding significance on optimizing the process parameters of MVR evaporation crystallization system and realizing the zero discharge of hypersaline wastewater．
The process of MVR technology combined with evaporation crystallization technology in treatment of hypersaline wastewater was modelled and simulated， and the calculated results were in good agreement with experimental data． Meanwhile，the effect of compression ratio and operating pressure on the COP and the heat transfer temperature difference in forced circulation heater were analyzed． The optimum conditions were obtained: Compression ratio was 1. 7 ～ 2 and the operating pressure was 45 ～ 60 kPa． The study results had a guiding significance on optimizing the process parameters of MVR evaporation crystallization system and realizing the zero discharge of hypersaline wastewater．
2015, 33(10): 38-42.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510009
Abstract:
This paper used coagulation-SBR process to treat biogas slurry generated from fermentation of sludge，and investigated the denitrification effects and conditions of coagulation-SBR process． The results indicated that when C/N of inflow was 1. 5，aeration time was 8 h，and additional C/N of denitrification was 0. 25 in SBR，the total nitrogen removal rates could reach 78. 8%． Moreover，after coagulation-SBR process，the total nitrogen removal rates of biogas slurry was greater than 80% and the total nitrogen value of effluent was less than 100mg /L． In addition，after coagulation-SBR process，the effluent of biogas slurry could be reused and applied in the preparation of fermentation liquor．
This paper used coagulation-SBR process to treat biogas slurry generated from fermentation of sludge，and investigated the denitrification effects and conditions of coagulation-SBR process． The results indicated that when C/N of inflow was 1. 5，aeration time was 8 h，and additional C/N of denitrification was 0. 25 in SBR，the total nitrogen removal rates could reach 78. 8%． Moreover，after coagulation-SBR process，the total nitrogen removal rates of biogas slurry was greater than 80% and the total nitrogen value of effluent was less than 100mg /L． In addition，after coagulation-SBR process，the effluent of biogas slurry could be reused and applied in the preparation of fermentation liquor．
2015, 33(10): 43-46.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510010
Abstract:
This paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of PM2. 5 and discussed the land area of different concentrations using Kriging interpolation based on the fine particulate matter monitoring data released by Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center in 2013． Analysis results showed that the city' s annual average PM2. 5 concentration was 89. 5 μg /m3 in 2013 exceeding the national standard( 35 μg /m3 ) 1. 56 times; Seasonal variations concentrations of PM2. 5 were as follows: winter ＞ spring ＞ autumn ＞ summer; PM2. 5 showed significant north-south gradient distribution; the proportion of land area in which average PM2. 5 concentration was below 75 μg /m3 was the largest in Summer with 73% while that was the least in Winter with 22%．
This paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of PM2. 5 and discussed the land area of different concentrations using Kriging interpolation based on the fine particulate matter monitoring data released by Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center in 2013． Analysis results showed that the city' s annual average PM2. 5 concentration was 89. 5 μg /m3 in 2013 exceeding the national standard( 35 μg /m3 ) 1. 56 times; Seasonal variations concentrations of PM2. 5 were as follows: winter ＞ spring ＞ autumn ＞ summer; PM2. 5 showed significant north-south gradient distribution; the proportion of land area in which average PM2. 5 concentration was below 75 μg /m3 was the largest in Summer with 73% while that was the least in Winter with 22%．
2015, 33(10): 47-49.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510011
Abstract:
In the summer of 2013，a constant real-time survey of O3 and its precursors ( NOx and CO) near the ground was conducted at ten air quality monitoring sites within Xi'an city． The results showed that the hour average concentration of O3 in the summer was between 39. 03 μg /m3 and 93. 06 μg /m3 ，and the concentration increased from northeast to southwest direction． In addition， the hour concentration distribution of O3 exhibited a distinct mono-peak pattern and the O3 concentration reached the peak at 15: 00 in the afternoon; while the distribution of NOx and CO concentration showed a doublepeak phenomenon， and the CO concentration changed gently compared with NOx concentration． The daily average concentration of O3 was positively associated with the temperature and solar radiation，and negatively associated with relative humidity． The temperature and solar radiation had remankable impacts on the average daily O3 concentration．
In the summer of 2013，a constant real-time survey of O3 and its precursors ( NOx and CO) near the ground was conducted at ten air quality monitoring sites within Xi'an city． The results showed that the hour average concentration of O3 in the summer was between 39. 03 μg /m3 and 93. 06 μg /m3 ，and the concentration increased from northeast to southwest direction． In addition， the hour concentration distribution of O3 exhibited a distinct mono-peak pattern and the O3 concentration reached the peak at 15: 00 in the afternoon; while the distribution of NOx and CO concentration showed a doublepeak phenomenon， and the CO concentration changed gently compared with NOx concentration． The daily average concentration of O3 was positively associated with the temperature and solar radiation，and negatively associated with relative humidity． The temperature and solar radiation had remankable impacts on the average daily O3 concentration．
2015, 33(10): 50-54.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510012
Abstract:
The gaseous emission of solid biomass briquette in the process of combustion in domestic has not been analyzed clear， and the effect of the feed rate and intake air on gaseous emissions and other issues of biomass fuel combustion test have been under-researched． The paper used Testo350 flue gas analyzer equipment to test the gaseous emissions of wood，cotton stalk and cornstalk in the process of combustion， and focused on the NO and CO emissions of three kinds of biomass briquette under different feeding quantity of intake air and under different circumstances． The results showed that，NO emissions of three kinds of biomass fuel was less than 0. 05%，the amount of CO was less than 1%． The amount of NO and CO emissions increased with the increase of the feed rate． The content of the gaseous emissions reduce when the intake air increased． The research could be used to guide the actual operation of the boiler fuel and provide a reference for optimizing the combustion and emissions biomass modeling fuel．
The gaseous emission of solid biomass briquette in the process of combustion in domestic has not been analyzed clear， and the effect of the feed rate and intake air on gaseous emissions and other issues of biomass fuel combustion test have been under-researched． The paper used Testo350 flue gas analyzer equipment to test the gaseous emissions of wood，cotton stalk and cornstalk in the process of combustion， and focused on the NO and CO emissions of three kinds of biomass briquette under different feeding quantity of intake air and under different circumstances． The results showed that，NO emissions of three kinds of biomass fuel was less than 0. 05%，the amount of CO was less than 1%． The amount of NO and CO emissions increased with the increase of the feed rate． The content of the gaseous emissions reduce when the intake air increased． The research could be used to guide the actual operation of the boiler fuel and provide a reference for optimizing the combustion and emissions biomass modeling fuel．
2015, 33(10): 55-60.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510013
Abstract:
The distribution of flow field in the tower of wet flue gas desulfurization affects the desulfurization efficiency directly． A kind of desulfurization reaction method adding swirl atomizing layer in the spray tower was put forward． Based on Fluent software plant form，this paper studied 3D numerical simulation and analysed the flue gas flow features of different conditions in the desulfurization tower， reconstructed and optimized the flue gas flow field by changing the parameters of the spray nozzles such as arrangement angle，amounts as well as flue gas spray velocity． The research results indicated that，if the diameters rate d /D of the swirl atomizing layer was about 0. 6 and the amount of the nuzzles was more than eight，the stable helical field could be formed． In addition，slurry discharged from the nozzle at the rate of 15 ～ 20 m/s was beneficial for the flue gas to be the optimum desulfurization speed range． The result provided reference on the reconstruction of flue gas desulfurization tower for large-capacity boilers．
The distribution of flow field in the tower of wet flue gas desulfurization affects the desulfurization efficiency directly． A kind of desulfurization reaction method adding swirl atomizing layer in the spray tower was put forward． Based on Fluent software plant form，this paper studied 3D numerical simulation and analysed the flue gas flow features of different conditions in the desulfurization tower， reconstructed and optimized the flue gas flow field by changing the parameters of the spray nozzles such as arrangement angle，amounts as well as flue gas spray velocity． The research results indicated that，if the diameters rate d /D of the swirl atomizing layer was about 0. 6 and the amount of the nuzzles was more than eight，the stable helical field could be formed． In addition，slurry discharged from the nozzle at the rate of 15 ～ 20 m/s was beneficial for the flue gas to be the optimum desulfurization speed range． The result provided reference on the reconstruction of flue gas desulfurization tower for large-capacity boilers．
2015, 33(10): 61-65.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510014
Abstract:
Coal combustion is one of the largest anthropogenic mercury sources，the control requirements of mercury emission from coal-fired power plants has been strengthened in China． The research summarized and analyzed the mercury emission data from 32 units of 16 coal-fired power plants in China． The results revealed that the range of mercury mass balance from 70% to 130% was reasonable; through pollution control equipment average of more than 70% mercury in the flue gas went into the fly ash and gypsum，average less than 30% mercury in the flue gas went into the external environment; SCR could promote the mercury removal efficiency; the average mercury removal efficiency of ESP/FF and FGD were 38. 5% and 52. 5% respectively; the average mercury removal efficiency through total cooperative control equipment was 74. 1%，the study illustrated cooperative control of existing coal-fired units pollutant treatment facilities had a good effect to reduce mercury emissions．
Coal combustion is one of the largest anthropogenic mercury sources，the control requirements of mercury emission from coal-fired power plants has been strengthened in China． The research summarized and analyzed the mercury emission data from 32 units of 16 coal-fired power plants in China． The results revealed that the range of mercury mass balance from 70% to 130% was reasonable; through pollution control equipment average of more than 70% mercury in the flue gas went into the fly ash and gypsum，average less than 30% mercury in the flue gas went into the external environment; SCR could promote the mercury removal efficiency; the average mercury removal efficiency of ESP/FF and FGD were 38. 5% and 52. 5% respectively; the average mercury removal efficiency through total cooperative control equipment was 74. 1%，the study illustrated cooperative control of existing coal-fired units pollutant treatment facilities had a good effect to reduce mercury emissions．
2015, 33(10): 66-71.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510015
Abstract:
Functional magnetic nanocomposite ( Fe3O4-HA) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method，and then coated by humic acid ( HA) ． Adsorption behavior of the Fe3O4-HA to wastewater containing organic dye methylene blue ( MB) was studied by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer． The structure and property of the Fe3O4-HA were characterized by transmission electron microscopy，optical contact angle，fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，X ray diffractometer，vibrating sample magnetometer． The results demonstrate that Fe3O4-HA has a homogeneous structure，and its average particles size is about 300 nm and the saturation magnetization is 75. 3 emu /g． This synthetic Fe3O4-HA nanocomposite has good superparamagnetism，high adsorption efficiency and reusability．
Functional magnetic nanocomposite ( Fe3O4-HA) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method，and then coated by humic acid ( HA) ． Adsorption behavior of the Fe3O4-HA to wastewater containing organic dye methylene blue ( MB) was studied by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer． The structure and property of the Fe3O4-HA were characterized by transmission electron microscopy，optical contact angle，fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，X ray diffractometer，vibrating sample magnetometer． The results demonstrate that Fe3O4-HA has a homogeneous structure，and its average particles size is about 300 nm and the saturation magnetization is 75. 3 emu /g． This synthetic Fe3O4-HA nanocomposite has good superparamagnetism，high adsorption efficiency and reusability．
2015, 33(10): 72-76.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510016
Abstract:
The advanced techniques for tailing management in Australia is at the global leading level，and the method of life circle assessment based on the risk of a mine is put forward，so as to insure that the risks during the design，operation，closure and reclamation of a tailings storage facility could be controlled at a acceptable low level． Universal experiences of Australia in tailings management are introduced in this paper，including tailings concentration，cover system design and vegetation restoration of tailings． On this basics，progressive technologies of tailing management in Australia have also been summarized， including dewatering tailings，combining disposal，paste，empty hole filling，landscape restoration and tailings recovery respectively，which are proved to be feasible by exampling three mine sites in Australia．
The advanced techniques for tailing management in Australia is at the global leading level，and the method of life circle assessment based on the risk of a mine is put forward，so as to insure that the risks during the design，operation，closure and reclamation of a tailings storage facility could be controlled at a acceptable low level． Universal experiences of Australia in tailings management are introduced in this paper，including tailings concentration，cover system design and vegetation restoration of tailings． On this basics，progressive technologies of tailing management in Australia have also been summarized， including dewatering tailings，combining disposal，paste，empty hole filling，landscape restoration and tailings recovery respectively，which are proved to be feasible by exampling three mine sites in Australia．
2015, 33(10): 77-80.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510017
Abstract:
Catering swill，with high oil content，is easy to corrupt and breed toxic and hazardous substance，posing threat to humans' health and the environment． Simultaneously，it is also a kind of useful resource if properly recycled． Oil separation from catering swill is a critical step of recycling． Using simulative oil-water emulsion as the research object，the containing oil was separated from catering swill by microwave followed by centrifugation． The impact of microwave irradiation power，time and temperature，as well as the impact of time and speed of centrifugation on oil removal rate in catering swill oil-water emulsification were studied in the paper． The results showed that the appropriate conditions of microwave irradiation were 800 W，70 ℃ and 15 min， and the optimal condition of centrifugation were 8 min，8 000 r /min．
Catering swill，with high oil content，is easy to corrupt and breed toxic and hazardous substance，posing threat to humans' health and the environment． Simultaneously，it is also a kind of useful resource if properly recycled． Oil separation from catering swill is a critical step of recycling． Using simulative oil-water emulsion as the research object，the containing oil was separated from catering swill by microwave followed by centrifugation． The impact of microwave irradiation power，time and temperature，as well as the impact of time and speed of centrifugation on oil removal rate in catering swill oil-water emulsification were studied in the paper． The results showed that the appropriate conditions of microwave irradiation were 800 W，70 ℃ and 15 min， and the optimal condition of centrifugation were 8 min，8 000 r /min．
2015, 33(10): 81-84.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510018
Abstract:
Heavy metals( including Cd，Pb，Cu，Zn and Ni) solution was added into the dewatered sludge for composting． The influence of sludge composting on stabilization of these heavy metals was evaluated． The total contents and speciation of each heavy metal were tested during the whole conposting process． After heavy metals were added into sludge，the total metal content of exchangeable and carbonate bound was in sequence as Cd ( 72. 31%) ＞ Ni ( 65. 83%) ＞ Zn ( 33. 67%) ＞ Cu ( 19. 49%) ＞ Pb( 7. 40%) ． The reaction of Pb，Cu，Zn with sludge went on faster，but that of Cd and Ni were relatively slower． In the whole composting process，Pb reached the stable state first，Cu and Ni ranked the second，followed by Zn and Cd． This conclusion could provide theoretical references for application of sewage compost on soil heavy metals pollution．
Heavy metals( including Cd，Pb，Cu，Zn and Ni) solution was added into the dewatered sludge for composting． The influence of sludge composting on stabilization of these heavy metals was evaluated． The total contents and speciation of each heavy metal were tested during the whole conposting process． After heavy metals were added into sludge，the total metal content of exchangeable and carbonate bound was in sequence as Cd ( 72. 31%) ＞ Ni ( 65. 83%) ＞ Zn ( 33. 67%) ＞ Cu ( 19. 49%) ＞ Pb( 7. 40%) ． The reaction of Pb，Cu，Zn with sludge went on faster，but that of Cd and Ni were relatively slower． In the whole composting process，Pb reached the stable state first，Cu and Ni ranked the second，followed by Zn and Cd． This conclusion could provide theoretical references for application of sewage compost on soil heavy metals pollution．
2015, 33(10): 85-89.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510019
Abstract:
Wet fly ash samples with different dumping time were collected from the ash field in Gaohuang and their nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption kinetics were researched by laboratory tests，which could provide reference for the fly ash reclamation． Results showed that adsorption process was mainly physical and approximately conformed to the first-order kinetic model． The nitrogen adsorption process mainly occurred in the first 1 hour and the phosphorus adsorption process occurred mainly in the first 10 hours． The saturated adsorption amount of fly ash was related to its particle size at some level，while less relevant to its depositing time． When using fly ash to reclaim land，there existed certain relationship between fly ash particle size and nitrogen /phosphorus adsorption of reconstructed soil and further influence the reclamation effect．
Wet fly ash samples with different dumping time were collected from the ash field in Gaohuang and their nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption kinetics were researched by laboratory tests，which could provide reference for the fly ash reclamation． Results showed that adsorption process was mainly physical and approximately conformed to the first-order kinetic model． The nitrogen adsorption process mainly occurred in the first 1 hour and the phosphorus adsorption process occurred mainly in the first 10 hours． The saturated adsorption amount of fly ash was related to its particle size at some level，while less relevant to its depositing time． When using fly ash to reclaim land，there existed certain relationship between fly ash particle size and nitrogen /phosphorus adsorption of reconstructed soil and further influence the reclamation effect．
2015, 33(10): 90-94.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510020
Abstract:
Compared with other sludge disposal methods， vermicomposting has the advantages of simple process，no secondary pollution， low running cost and high agricultural fertilizer efficiency from earthworm cast． The research outlined the option of earthworm species in sludge composting． Four influencing factors including C to N ratio，pH and EC， temperature，and moisture were introduced． It listed the types， function， effect of the normal amendments and analyzed five kinds of chemical and biological indexes for determining maturity as follows: dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) ， ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ( NH + 4 －N and NO3－N) ，C to N ratio in solid phase，dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen ratio ( DOC/DON) ， germination index ( GI) ． Suggestions on further research were proposed based on the current existing problems．
Compared with other sludge disposal methods， vermicomposting has the advantages of simple process，no secondary pollution， low running cost and high agricultural fertilizer efficiency from earthworm cast． The research outlined the option of earthworm species in sludge composting． Four influencing factors including C to N ratio，pH and EC， temperature，and moisture were introduced． It listed the types， function， effect of the normal amendments and analyzed five kinds of chemical and biological indexes for determining maturity as follows: dissolved organic carbon ( DOC) ， ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ( NH + 4 －N and NO3－N) ，C to N ratio in solid phase，dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen ratio ( DOC/DON) ， germination index ( GI) ． Suggestions on further research were proposed based on the current existing problems．
2015, 33(10): 95-100.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510021
Abstract:
The transition metal oxide catalyst CuO-MnO2-CeO2 /13X was prepared by the impregnation method． The structure， compositions and thermal stability of the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption /desorption，SEM，XRD and TGA． The catalytic degradation property of CuO-MnO2-CeO2 /13X for naphthalene was investigated in a fixed catalyst bed． BET analysis showed 6%CuO-MnO2-2%CeO2 /13X catalyst’s specific surface area was 476 m2 /g and its average pore size was 2. 314 nm． XRD and SEM results showed that CuO，MnO2 and CeO2 at 13X surface was highly dispersed state under certain load rate， which could improve the catalytic activity of catalysts． Experimental results indicated that adding appropriate amount of cocatalyst CeO2 could improve the performance of the catalysts． The catalytic rate of naphthalene reached 65% when the catalyst load factor was 6%CuO-MnO2-2%CeO2 ．
The transition metal oxide catalyst CuO-MnO2-CeO2 /13X was prepared by the impregnation method． The structure， compositions and thermal stability of the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption /desorption，SEM，XRD and TGA． The catalytic degradation property of CuO-MnO2-CeO2 /13X for naphthalene was investigated in a fixed catalyst bed． BET analysis showed 6%CuO-MnO2-2%CeO2 /13X catalyst’s specific surface area was 476 m2 /g and its average pore size was 2. 314 nm． XRD and SEM results showed that CuO，MnO2 and CeO2 at 13X surface was highly dispersed state under certain load rate， which could improve the catalytic activity of catalysts． Experimental results indicated that adding appropriate amount of cocatalyst CeO2 could improve the performance of the catalysts． The catalytic rate of naphthalene reached 65% when the catalyst load factor was 6%CuO-MnO2-2%CeO2 ．
2015, 33(10): 101-103.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510022
Abstract:
The paper studied vacuum pyrolysis of oil sludge from Yanchang oilfield and investigated the influence of pyrolysis temperature，time，temperature raising rate，categories and amount of catalysts on oil recovery yield． Powdered fuel was prepared from pyrolysis residue and the heating value was measured． The pollutants in the smoke were analyzed． Results showed that pyrolysis temperature and time had a great effect on oil recovery yield． Activated clay was found to be the best catalyst for pyrolysis and the oil recovery yield achieved 83% when catalyst dosage was 1%． The heating value of the powdered fuel was 24 000 kJ /kg，exceeding that of soft coal． The concentration of pollutants in the smoke were far below the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler ( GB 13271—2014) ． Vacuum pyrolysis was an effective resource recovery way for oil sludge．
The paper studied vacuum pyrolysis of oil sludge from Yanchang oilfield and investigated the influence of pyrolysis temperature，time，temperature raising rate，categories and amount of catalysts on oil recovery yield． Powdered fuel was prepared from pyrolysis residue and the heating value was measured． The pollutants in the smoke were analyzed． Results showed that pyrolysis temperature and time had a great effect on oil recovery yield． Activated clay was found to be the best catalyst for pyrolysis and the oil recovery yield achieved 83% when catalyst dosage was 1%． The heating value of the powdered fuel was 24 000 kJ /kg，exceeding that of soft coal． The concentration of pollutants in the smoke were far below the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Boiler ( GB 13271—2014) ． Vacuum pyrolysis was an effective resource recovery way for oil sludge．
2015, 33(10): 104-107.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510023
Abstract:
This paper determined the heavy metals contents ( Cu，Pb，Cd and Hg) of sediments and eight kinds of plants of Fushun City section along Hun River，and screened the phytoremediation of sediments of heavy metals pollution． The result showed that the whole pollution degree of sediments along Hun River was less，and the potential ecological risk was low． The pollution degree was Cd ＞ Hg ＞ Cu ＞ Pb． The plant accumulation effect was bulrush ＞ polygonum thunbergii ＞ water plant polygonum ＞ scirpus triqueter，and that of the other plants were low． The accumulation of four heavy metals in eight kinds of plants was all too low to get hyperaccumulator plant level． The transfer factors were all less than one，and the plants belong to root hoarding type plants．
This paper determined the heavy metals contents ( Cu，Pb，Cd and Hg) of sediments and eight kinds of plants of Fushun City section along Hun River，and screened the phytoremediation of sediments of heavy metals pollution． The result showed that the whole pollution degree of sediments along Hun River was less，and the potential ecological risk was low． The pollution degree was Cd ＞ Hg ＞ Cu ＞ Pb． The plant accumulation effect was bulrush ＞ polygonum thunbergii ＞ water plant polygonum ＞ scirpus triqueter，and that of the other plants were low． The accumulation of four heavy metals in eight kinds of plants was all too low to get hyperaccumulator plant level． The transfer factors were all less than one，and the plants belong to root hoarding type plants．
2015, 33(10): 108-112.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510024
Abstract:
To make the most of the accumulated multi-dimensional time series data，the paper studied the comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method to reflect the whole environmental quality of coastal cities． A comprehensive evaluation system was constructed from six elements of atmosphere，fresh water，sea water，noise，ecology and pollution discharge，which contained 13 underlying indexes． The scatter degree method was used for dynamic comprehensive evaluation to compare the environmental quality both vertically and horizontally． The method had the advantages of objectivity，less calculation，transparent process and high operability． The assessment result was unique without dispute． A case study was carried out in Dalian to verify the feasibility．
To make the most of the accumulated multi-dimensional time series data，the paper studied the comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method to reflect the whole environmental quality of coastal cities． A comprehensive evaluation system was constructed from six elements of atmosphere，fresh water，sea water，noise，ecology and pollution discharge，which contained 13 underlying indexes． The scatter degree method was used for dynamic comprehensive evaluation to compare the environmental quality both vertically and horizontally． The method had the advantages of objectivity，less calculation，transparent process and high operability． The assessment result was unique without dispute． A case study was carried out in Dalian to verify the feasibility．
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF KHERLEN RIVER AND IMPACT
ANALYSIS OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT OF HULUN LAKE
2015, 33(10): 113-116.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510025
Abstract:
In order to study the impact of pollutants transporting of Kherlen River to the water quality of Hulun Lake， taking Kherlen River as the research object，the paper monitored ammonia nitrogen，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand( COD) ，analyzed the main reason for the changes of the water quality of Kherlen River and the correlation between the indexes，and used the water pollution index method to determine the main pollution factors in the water． The results showed that the water quality of all monitoring sections in Kherlen River were inferior grade class V and the main pollutants were total nitrogen and COD． Ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in water were extremely significant positive correlation，and the correlation coefficient was 0. 850． Also there was significant positive correlation between COD and total phosphorus， and the correlation coefficient was 0. 691． The constant input of nitrogen，phosphorus and organic compounds increased the eutrophication degree of water body in Hulun Lake．
In order to study the impact of pollutants transporting of Kherlen River to the water quality of Hulun Lake， taking Kherlen River as the research object，the paper monitored ammonia nitrogen，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand( COD) ，analyzed the main reason for the changes of the water quality of Kherlen River and the correlation between the indexes，and used the water pollution index method to determine the main pollution factors in the water． The results showed that the water quality of all monitoring sections in Kherlen River were inferior grade class V and the main pollutants were total nitrogen and COD． Ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in water were extremely significant positive correlation，and the correlation coefficient was 0. 850． Also there was significant positive correlation between COD and total phosphorus， and the correlation coefficient was 0. 691． The constant input of nitrogen，phosphorus and organic compounds increased the eutrophication degree of water body in Hulun Lake．
2015, 33(10): 117-120.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510026
Abstract:
Vicia-micronucleus test was applied to monitor the underground water pollution of a north tailings surrounding， determinated the vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus permillage( MCN‰) and the pollution index ( PI) of 18 tailings surrounding underground water，and processed the F test． The results showed that every point of MCN‰ had significant difference( P ＜0. 01) ， the PI were above two in eight of 18 sampling points，which is of moderate pollution． PI value of eight sampling points was below two，which belongs to slight pollution． PI value of two sampling of the eight sampling were less than two，but the value was 1. 95 approaching two． PI value of the other two sampling points were less than 1. 5，which belongs to the basically no pollution． The water near the tailings were polluted in different degrees． SPSS18. 0 was used to analysis correlation of the MCN‰ and every physicochemical index of the water quality，and the relevance of MCN‰ had significant relation with Cl － ，Na + ，HCO－ 3 ( P ＜0. 05) ．
Vicia-micronucleus test was applied to monitor the underground water pollution of a north tailings surrounding， determinated the vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus permillage( MCN‰) and the pollution index ( PI) of 18 tailings surrounding underground water，and processed the F test． The results showed that every point of MCN‰ had significant difference( P ＜0. 01) ， the PI were above two in eight of 18 sampling points，which is of moderate pollution． PI value of eight sampling points was below two，which belongs to slight pollution． PI value of two sampling of the eight sampling were less than two，but the value was 1. 95 approaching two． PI value of the other two sampling points were less than 1. 5，which belongs to the basically no pollution． The water near the tailings were polluted in different degrees． SPSS18. 0 was used to analysis correlation of the MCN‰ and every physicochemical index of the water quality，and the relevance of MCN‰ had significant relation with Cl － ，Na + ，HCO－ 3 ( P ＜0. 05) ．
2015, 33(10): 121-125.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510027
Abstract:
Base on three assessment methods，the paper evaluated thirteen heavy metal elements ( Ag，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni， Pb，Ti，Sb，Se，Zn，Hg) sampled from river in Shanghai suburban area． The results showed that thirteen heavy metals content were above the limit of detection，the avevage content of Ag，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni，Pb，Ti，Sb，Se，Zn，Hg was 0. 8， 28. 0， 0. 5， 0. 9， 480. 4， 204. 6， 58. 6， 52. 0， 1. 4， 3. 8， 0. 2， 890. 2， 0. 1 mg/kg，respectively． Pollution risk assessment results showed that the sediments were polluted by heavy metals． The pollution contribution of Cd，Cr，Cu and Zn in four locations was much bigger．
Base on three assessment methods，the paper evaluated thirteen heavy metal elements ( Ag，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni， Pb，Ti，Sb，Se，Zn，Hg) sampled from river in Shanghai suburban area． The results showed that thirteen heavy metals content were above the limit of detection，the avevage content of Ag，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni，Pb，Ti，Sb，Se，Zn，Hg was 0. 8， 28. 0， 0. 5， 0. 9， 480. 4， 204. 6， 58. 6， 52. 0， 1. 4， 3. 8， 0. 2， 890. 2， 0. 1 mg/kg，respectively． Pollution risk assessment results showed that the sediments were polluted by heavy metals． The pollution contribution of Cd，Cr，Cu and Zn in four locations was much bigger．
2015, 33(10): 126-129.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510028
Abstract:
A list of priority control pollutants was obtained by using the improved model-based prioritization exercise for the EU Water Framework Directive ( EU WFD) ． Retrieved pollutants lists and water quality standards in the United States， European Union，Japan and other countries and regions，by preliminary analyzing and screening substances from these lists， 449 substances were registered and being used in our country． These substances were given scores by the improved modelbased prioritization exercise for the EU WFD，then were ranked according to their semi lethal toxity，in the end，a list of 19 substances were classified as sorting list of environmental priority substances． The results showed that，after supplement and screening the existing list of pollutants for WFD combined with Chinese actual situation，the method was suitable as a screening method for environmental priority pollutants，it can comprehensively screen substances with serious environmental hazards．
A list of priority control pollutants was obtained by using the improved model-based prioritization exercise for the EU Water Framework Directive ( EU WFD) ． Retrieved pollutants lists and water quality standards in the United States， European Union，Japan and other countries and regions，by preliminary analyzing and screening substances from these lists， 449 substances were registered and being used in our country． These substances were given scores by the improved modelbased prioritization exercise for the EU WFD，then were ranked according to their semi lethal toxity，in the end，a list of 19 substances were classified as sorting list of environmental priority substances． The results showed that，after supplement and screening the existing list of pollutants for WFD combined with Chinese actual situation，the method was suitable as a screening method for environmental priority pollutants，it can comprehensively screen substances with serious environmental hazards．
2015, 33(10): 130-134.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510029
Abstract:
In order to investigate the concentration of the heavy metals in farmland soil and vegetables below the Dahuanjiang River affected by upriver tailing dam collapse，As，Pb，Cd in 74 soil samples from gardens and fields used to grow vegetable，13 background soil samples and 104 vegetable samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals intaking by eating contaminated vegetables in investigated areas． The results showed that the geometric mean concentration of As， Pb，Cd in flooded soil was 46. 72，442. 6，1. 760 mg /kg，respectively． The concentration of As，Pb，Cd in non-flooded soil was 24. 06，56. 89，0. 490 mg /kg，respectively． Contamination of heavy metals in flooded soils was higher than that in the nonflooded． The concentrations of Pb and Cd have significant differences in vegetables collected from farmland and bought from market，but the concentrations of As and Cd have no differences between vegetable from flooded and non-flooded soil． Farmland soils were seriously contaminated by As，Pb and Cd． The target hazard quotients of As，Pb，Cd for adult were 0. 029，0. 190， 0. 120，for the children’s were 0. 044，0. 290，0. 183，respectively，for residents through consuming vegetables． According to the contribution of other local foods，such as rice，it will cause obvious health risk of Pb to the local resident through total diet．
In order to investigate the concentration of the heavy metals in farmland soil and vegetables below the Dahuanjiang River affected by upriver tailing dam collapse，As，Pb，Cd in 74 soil samples from gardens and fields used to grow vegetable，13 background soil samples and 104 vegetable samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals intaking by eating contaminated vegetables in investigated areas． The results showed that the geometric mean concentration of As， Pb，Cd in flooded soil was 46. 72，442. 6，1. 760 mg /kg，respectively． The concentration of As，Pb，Cd in non-flooded soil was 24. 06，56. 89，0. 490 mg /kg，respectively． Contamination of heavy metals in flooded soils was higher than that in the nonflooded． The concentrations of Pb and Cd have significant differences in vegetables collected from farmland and bought from market，but the concentrations of As and Cd have no differences between vegetable from flooded and non-flooded soil． Farmland soils were seriously contaminated by As，Pb and Cd． The target hazard quotients of As，Pb，Cd for adult were 0. 029，0. 190， 0. 120，for the children’s were 0. 044，0. 290，0. 183，respectively，for residents through consuming vegetables． According to the contribution of other local foods，such as rice，it will cause obvious health risk of Pb to the local resident through total diet．
2015, 33(10): 135-138.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510030
Abstract:
This paper analysed and compared some conventional air quality ranking methods，including composite index， maximum index，Nemerow index，air quality compliance rate，major pollutant concentration，weighted composite index based on AHP methods and so on． Results showed that the composite index and weighted composite index both could consider contributions from all kinds of air pollutants，had well comparability for all cities，and reflected the differences between air quality in cities subjectively and accurately． The two methods were suitable for ranking the cities according to their own air quality at present．
This paper analysed and compared some conventional air quality ranking methods，including composite index， maximum index，Nemerow index，air quality compliance rate，major pollutant concentration，weighted composite index based on AHP methods and so on． Results showed that the composite index and weighted composite index both could consider contributions from all kinds of air pollutants，had well comparability for all cities，and reflected the differences between air quality in cities subjectively and accurately． The two methods were suitable for ranking the cities according to their own air quality at present．
2015, 33(10): 139-142.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510031
Abstract:
The situation of atmospheric environmental in China is severe，the relevant state policies，standards become more and more strict，and the flue gas“ultra-low emissions”of coal-fired power plant is imperative． But there are not a standard test method for low concentration of flue gas in coal-fired power plants． This paper mainly introduced the foreign standards of low concentration test method，and through the actual test，low concentration testing instruments and methods was studied， aiming to explore a scientific and reasonable low concentration testing techniques and methods，and provide certain reference for the selection of standard test method in China．
The situation of atmospheric environmental in China is severe，the relevant state policies，standards become more and more strict，and the flue gas“ultra-low emissions”of coal-fired power plant is imperative． But there are not a standard test method for low concentration of flue gas in coal-fired power plants． This paper mainly introduced the foreign standards of low concentration test method，and through the actual test，low concentration testing instruments and methods was studied， aiming to explore a scientific and reasonable low concentration testing techniques and methods，and provide certain reference for the selection of standard test method in China．
2015, 33(10): 143-146.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510032
Abstract:
The traditional AHP method takes insufficient account of current pollutant discharge，and makes the allocation of total pollutant load unequal and irrational． Through the modification of traditional AHP method，the effect of current pollutant discharge was integrated into other influence factors，a new allocation method based on reduction equity could be proposed，so that both regional differentiation and current discharge situation were able to be fully taken into account． The modified AHP model provided technique support for the operation of total load allocation in the future．
The traditional AHP method takes insufficient account of current pollutant discharge，and makes the allocation of total pollutant load unequal and irrational． Through the modification of traditional AHP method，the effect of current pollutant discharge was integrated into other influence factors，a new allocation method based on reduction equity could be proposed，so that both regional differentiation and current discharge situation were able to be fully taken into account． The modified AHP model provided technique support for the operation of total load allocation in the future．
2015, 33(10): 147-151.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510033
Abstract:
Waste disposal is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from urban human activities． According to the Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories，based on collected activity data from Xinjiang related statistics in 2010， the greenhouse gas emissions from waste disposal were estimated． The results showed that the total CO2 ( CO2 equivalent) emissions from waste disposal in Xinjiang were 3 570 230. 74 t in 2010． The largest greenhouse gas contributor from the solid waste landfill was about 2 744 006. 79 t; the least greenhouse gas contributor from the solid waste incineration was only about 179. 67 t，CO2 emissions from waste water treatment reached 826 044. 28 t． The results was the basis for carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang，providing some references to relevant researches of the other provinces．
Waste disposal is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from urban human activities． According to the Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories，based on collected activity data from Xinjiang related statistics in 2010， the greenhouse gas emissions from waste disposal were estimated． The results showed that the total CO2 ( CO2 equivalent) emissions from waste disposal in Xinjiang were 3 570 230. 74 t in 2010． The largest greenhouse gas contributor from the solid waste landfill was about 2 744 006. 79 t; the least greenhouse gas contributor from the solid waste incineration was only about 179. 67 t，CO2 emissions from waste water treatment reached 826 044. 28 t． The results was the basis for carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang，providing some references to relevant researches of the other provinces．
2015, 33(10): 152-157.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510034
Abstract:
EKR-PRB coupling technique combines electrokinetic remediation ( EKR) and permeable reactive barrier ( PRB) technology． As a novel in-situ remediation technology for contaminated site， it has a good application prospect in the soil and groundwater remediation． The mechanisms，influence factors，application advantages and the existing problems of EKR-PRB coupling technique were summarized，and further suggestions were given out on potential improvement of higher remediation efficiency and lower practice cost in contaminated site．
EKR-PRB coupling technique combines electrokinetic remediation ( EKR) and permeable reactive barrier ( PRB) technology． As a novel in-situ remediation technology for contaminated site， it has a good application prospect in the soil and groundwater remediation． The mechanisms，influence factors，application advantages and the existing problems of EKR-PRB coupling technique were summarized，and further suggestions were given out on potential improvement of higher remediation efficiency and lower practice cost in contaminated site．
2015, 33(10): 158-162.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510035
Abstract:
Soil vapor extraction ( SVE) is a safe，economical and effective in-situate rehabilitating technology for soil contaminated by organic chemicals． The system composition，principles，application range and cost of SVE technology are introduced in this paper． The research progress on rehabilitating oil contaminated soil by SVE is reviewed． Then，major influencing factors on remediation efficiency of SVE and three types of enhanced SVE technologies are discussed． In addition， the existing problems and the research directions of SVE for future are analyzed．
Soil vapor extraction ( SVE) is a safe，economical and effective in-situate rehabilitating technology for soil contaminated by organic chemicals． The system composition，principles，application range and cost of SVE technology are introduced in this paper． The research progress on rehabilitating oil contaminated soil by SVE is reviewed． Then，major influencing factors on remediation efficiency of SVE and three types of enhanced SVE technologies are discussed． In addition， the existing problems and the research directions of SVE for future are analyzed．
2015, 33(10): 163-168.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201510036
Abstract:
Through sampling in Poyang Lake wetland soil，this paper researched the adsorption experiment and used infrared spectroscopy characterization，and studied the adsorption characteristic of ammonia nitrogen on soil humins． Results showed that the humin accorded with the Freundlich model，and the adsorption was multiple． The aromatic ring，fat，phenols or groups，such as Si—O keys，were likely to be involved in the adsorption reaction and NH + 4 －N was likely to be through hydrogen bonding，proton transfer or Van der Waals force to be adsorped on humin． pH，temperature and the amount of humin had certain influence on the adsorption reaction．
Through sampling in Poyang Lake wetland soil，this paper researched the adsorption experiment and used infrared spectroscopy characterization，and studied the adsorption characteristic of ammonia nitrogen on soil humins． Results showed that the humin accorded with the Freundlich model，and the adsorption was multiple． The aromatic ring，fat，phenols or groups，such as Si—O keys，were likely to be involved in the adsorption reaction and NH + 4 －N was likely to be through hydrogen bonding，proton transfer or Van der Waals force to be adsorped on humin． pH，temperature and the amount of humin had certain influence on the adsorption reaction．
