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2015 Vol. 33, No. 4
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2015, 33(4): 1-3.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504001
Abstract:
Using bio-zeolite as coagulant，water soluble resin link material and pigment in water-based ink wastewater were removed． When the dosage of bio-zeolite was 350 ～ 400 mg /L，COD removal rate could reach 87%． The coagulation supernatant was pale pink and the chromaticity removal rate was improved． Then coagulation supernatant was mixed with sewage after biological aerated filter ( BAF) by 1 ∶ 1． When the influent COD was 450. 1 mg /L，the effluent COD was 131. 4 mg /L，as the effluent COD concentration of water-based ink wastewater less than 262. 8 mg /L after biological treatment，which could reach“Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard”( GB 8978—1996) ．
Using bio-zeolite as coagulant，water soluble resin link material and pigment in water-based ink wastewater were removed． When the dosage of bio-zeolite was 350 ～ 400 mg /L，COD removal rate could reach 87%． The coagulation supernatant was pale pink and the chromaticity removal rate was improved． Then coagulation supernatant was mixed with sewage after biological aerated filter ( BAF) by 1 ∶ 1． When the influent COD was 450. 1 mg /L，the effluent COD was 131. 4 mg /L，as the effluent COD concentration of water-based ink wastewater less than 262. 8 mg /L after biological treatment，which could reach“Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard”( GB 8978—1996) ．
2015, 33(4): 4-8.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504002
Abstract:
Nitrobenzene is a sort of priority pollutants characterized by chemical stability，high toxicity， refractory and biological accumulation． Pollution problems involved are being seriously concerned． This paper reviewed the research progresses in treatment technologies of wastewater containing nitrobenzene in recent years，elaborated the mechanisms of each technology， such as physical，chemical，biological and integrated methods of the degradation of wastewater containing nitrobenzene， evaluated their advantages and disadvantages in application at the same time． The study pointed out the future research direction． Emphases should focus on the effective combination of recent treatment technologies and the reducing of cost．
Nitrobenzene is a sort of priority pollutants characterized by chemical stability，high toxicity， refractory and biological accumulation． Pollution problems involved are being seriously concerned． This paper reviewed the research progresses in treatment technologies of wastewater containing nitrobenzene in recent years，elaborated the mechanisms of each technology， such as physical，chemical，biological and integrated methods of the degradation of wastewater containing nitrobenzene， evaluated their advantages and disadvantages in application at the same time． The study pointed out the future research direction． Emphases should focus on the effective combination of recent treatment technologies and the reducing of cost．
2015, 33(4): 9-13.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504003
Abstract:
Good appearance is the basic condition to play a role in landscape function for urban water． However，the appearance of enclosed landscape water is in serious pollution now． This paper conducted about half a year’s observation and water quality monitoring in the enclosed water located in Shitao Garden． The course of apparent pollution was described by absorption spectrometry． Meanwhile the correlations of sensation pollution index ( SPI ) and environmental factors were analyzed to study the apparent pollution mechanism． The apparent pollution in enclosed water varied markedly with the season． SPI had a significant positive correlation with temperature，turbidity，UV254 ，Chl-a and a negative correlation with DO． The correlation coefficients were 0. 786， 0. 951， 0. 595， 0. 849，－ 0. 699，respectively． The decomposition of plant residues and the competitive growth of algae and duckweed would result in the anormaly of color and turbidity，and even the serious apparent pollution with black-odor phenomenon．
Good appearance is the basic condition to play a role in landscape function for urban water． However，the appearance of enclosed landscape water is in serious pollution now． This paper conducted about half a year’s observation and water quality monitoring in the enclosed water located in Shitao Garden． The course of apparent pollution was described by absorption spectrometry． Meanwhile the correlations of sensation pollution index ( SPI ) and environmental factors were analyzed to study the apparent pollution mechanism． The apparent pollution in enclosed water varied markedly with the season． SPI had a significant positive correlation with temperature，turbidity，UV254 ，Chl-a and a negative correlation with DO． The correlation coefficients were 0. 786， 0. 951， 0. 595， 0. 849，－ 0. 699，respectively． The decomposition of plant residues and the competitive growth of algae and duckweed would result in the anormaly of color and turbidity，and even the serious apparent pollution with black-odor phenomenon．
2015, 33(4): 14-19.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504004
Abstract:
SBA-15 was functionalized with a post-synthesis method，using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane as the modifier agent． The functionalized SBA-15 was denoted as N-SBA-15． The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction ( XＲD) ，fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ( FT-IＲ) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms． The adsorption behavior of the adsorbents on Cu2 + ions was investigated using batch experiments． The kinetic data were analyzed using various kinetic models，such as pseudo-first-order，pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion． The adsorption of Cu( II) onto N-SBA- 15 followed the film diffusion kinetics and intra-particle diffusion mechanism． The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2 + was 0. 812 mmol /g at 45 ℃． The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be well suited for the entire adsorption process． Adsorption equilibrium data could be also described well by Langmuir model． Thermodynamic calculations suggested that the adsorption of Cu2 + ions on functionalized-SBA-15 was spontaneous and endothermic and the adsorption was favorable at higher temperatures．
SBA-15 was functionalized with a post-synthesis method，using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane as the modifier agent． The functionalized SBA-15 was denoted as N-SBA-15． The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction ( XＲD) ，fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ( FT-IＲ) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms． The adsorption behavior of the adsorbents on Cu2 + ions was investigated using batch experiments． The kinetic data were analyzed using various kinetic models，such as pseudo-first-order，pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion． The adsorption of Cu( II) onto N-SBA- 15 followed the film diffusion kinetics and intra-particle diffusion mechanism． The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2 + was 0. 812 mmol /g at 45 ℃． The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be well suited for the entire adsorption process． Adsorption equilibrium data could be also described well by Langmuir model． Thermodynamic calculations suggested that the adsorption of Cu2 + ions on functionalized-SBA-15 was spontaneous and endothermic and the adsorption was favorable at higher temperatures．
2015, 33(4): 20-24.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504005
Abstract:
Antibiotics in livestock wastewater will affect biological nitrogen removal， exacerbating the problem of eutrophication． The effect of chlortetracycline、alkalinity and temperature on nitification which was rate-limiting step of biological nitrogen removal was investigated in sequencing batch reactor． Adopting synthetic digested livestock wastewater as the influent，six SBＲ reactors were operated at different chlortetracycline concentration and alkalinity under the condition of 25 ℃ and 30 ℃． The duration of experiments was 166 cycles． With the increase of chlortetracycline，ammonia oxidation rate decreased and nitrite accumulation rate increased when chlortetracycline were 0，5，20 mg /L at different temperature and alkalinity． Under the different temperature and chlortetracycline，ammonia oxidation rate decreased with the reduction of alkalinity( ALK/N was 9. 28、7. 14、4. 76、3. 57、2. 38、0，respectively) ; and a different trend of nitrite accumulation rate was emerged at the different temperature． The results showed that both of AOB and NOB were inhibited by chlortetracycline， resulting in the reduction of ammonia oxidation rate． NOB was more sensitive than AOB，leading to the accumulation of nitrite． The combination of chlortetracycline and temperature could increase nitrite accumulation rate．
Antibiotics in livestock wastewater will affect biological nitrogen removal， exacerbating the problem of eutrophication． The effect of chlortetracycline、alkalinity and temperature on nitification which was rate-limiting step of biological nitrogen removal was investigated in sequencing batch reactor． Adopting synthetic digested livestock wastewater as the influent，six SBＲ reactors were operated at different chlortetracycline concentration and alkalinity under the condition of 25 ℃ and 30 ℃． The duration of experiments was 166 cycles． With the increase of chlortetracycline，ammonia oxidation rate decreased and nitrite accumulation rate increased when chlortetracycline were 0，5，20 mg /L at different temperature and alkalinity． Under the different temperature and chlortetracycline，ammonia oxidation rate decreased with the reduction of alkalinity( ALK/N was 9. 28、7. 14、4. 76、3. 57、2. 38、0，respectively) ; and a different trend of nitrite accumulation rate was emerged at the different temperature． The results showed that both of AOB and NOB were inhibited by chlortetracycline， resulting in the reduction of ammonia oxidation rate． NOB was more sensitive than AOB，leading to the accumulation of nitrite． The combination of chlortetracycline and temperature could increase nitrite accumulation rate．
2015, 33(4): 25-29.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504006
Abstract:
The magnetic absorbent can effectively remove the pollutant in wastewater by multiple physical and chemical processes． What is more， its magnetism can conveniently be separated from wastewater，and be beneficial to support concentrated treatment of pollution． The magnetic absorbent possesses the advantages of rapid，efficient and reusable． According to different magnetic materials divided into Fe3O4 magnetic particle and magnetic nanoparticle，the paper reviews the preparation and the application in wastewater of magnetic absorbent，and future research of the magnetic absorbent is prospected．
The magnetic absorbent can effectively remove the pollutant in wastewater by multiple physical and chemical processes． What is more， its magnetism can conveniently be separated from wastewater，and be beneficial to support concentrated treatment of pollution． The magnetic absorbent possesses the advantages of rapid，efficient and reusable． According to different magnetic materials divided into Fe3O4 magnetic particle and magnetic nanoparticle，the paper reviews the preparation and the application in wastewater of magnetic absorbent，and future research of the magnetic absorbent is prospected．
2015, 33(4): 30-33.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504007
Abstract:
The paper investigated the performance of cassava starch wastewater treatment by a self-developed ABIC ( anaerobic baffled internal circulation) ． The results showed that the removal rate of COD was over 80% when hydraulic retention time ( HＲT) was 20 ～ 24 h，influent COD concentration was up to 3 000 ～ 15 000 mg /L，and organic loading rate was 3 ～ 20 kg /( m3 ·d) ． The ABIC system was effective to resist influent impact，the most affordable VLＲ was 26 kg /( m3·d) and had a steady operation． This reactor was fit for seasonal starch production wastewater treatment by shortening restart period
The paper investigated the performance of cassava starch wastewater treatment by a self-developed ABIC ( anaerobic baffled internal circulation) ． The results showed that the removal rate of COD was over 80% when hydraulic retention time ( HＲT) was 20 ～ 24 h，influent COD concentration was up to 3 000 ～ 15 000 mg /L，and organic loading rate was 3 ～ 20 kg /( m3 ·d) ． The ABIC system was effective to resist influent impact，the most affordable VLＲ was 26 kg /( m3·d) and had a steady operation． This reactor was fit for seasonal starch production wastewater treatment by shortening restart period
2015, 33(4): 34-38.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504008
Abstract:
Based on the quality characteristics of micro-polluted river water，this study investigated treatment performance by using the composite flow test． The results showed that: Under the hydraulic loading conditions of 10 cm/d and 20 cm/d，the average removal rates of TN in two phases were 36. 34%，28. 53%，respectively; average effluent concentrations of TN were 6. 15 mg /L，12. 45 mg /L; the average removal rates of TP were 90. 86%， 64. 15%; average effluent concentrations of TP were 0. 05 mg /L，0. 42 mg /L． Nitrogen was mainly removed in the first and second zone， and the two parts were filled with rotten wood and zeolites as external carbon source for denitrification process． Phosphorus was removed during the third and fourth zone， the two zones were filled with cement bricks． The cements bricks had a better adorption performance of the low concentration phosphorus，but as time went on，phosphorus removal capacity of the system decreased due to saturated filler，so the reactor need change the filler timely．
Based on the quality characteristics of micro-polluted river water，this study investigated treatment performance by using the composite flow test． The results showed that: Under the hydraulic loading conditions of 10 cm/d and 20 cm/d，the average removal rates of TN in two phases were 36. 34%，28. 53%，respectively; average effluent concentrations of TN were 6. 15 mg /L，12. 45 mg /L; the average removal rates of TP were 90. 86%， 64. 15%; average effluent concentrations of TP were 0. 05 mg /L，0. 42 mg /L． Nitrogen was mainly removed in the first and second zone， and the two parts were filled with rotten wood and zeolites as external carbon source for denitrification process． Phosphorus was removed during the third and fourth zone， the two zones were filled with cement bricks． The cements bricks had a better adorption performance of the low concentration phosphorus，but as time went on，phosphorus removal capacity of the system decreased due to saturated filler，so the reactor need change the filler timely．
2015, 33(4): 39-43.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504009
Abstract:
Taking urban sewage treatment plant sludge as material，this paper explored influence of different substrates and sulfur concentration on the bioleaching heavy metals from sewage sludge． Substrates used in this study included two groups: sole substrate ( S0 ，FeSO4 ，Na2 S2O3 ，FeS and FeS2 ) and composite substrate ( S0 + FeSO4 ，S0 + Na2 S2O3 ，S0 + FeS，S0 + FeS2 ) ． The results showed that: Except the group of FeS and FeS2 ，pH of mixed liquor in each other experiment declined dramatically． Among the experiments with sole substrates，pH of the bioleaching process with FeSO4 was about 1. 8 at the fifth day． The leaching of Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr and Cu achieved high removal rate as the substrate dosing quantity of 8 ～ 10 g /L． Adding the composite substrate，the best way was dosing S0 + FeSO4 ，the dosing quantity was 8 g /L． At this condition， the removal rates of Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr and Cu were 95. 41%、89. 48%、86. 45%、84. 51%、94. 33%，respectively．
Taking urban sewage treatment plant sludge as material，this paper explored influence of different substrates and sulfur concentration on the bioleaching heavy metals from sewage sludge． Substrates used in this study included two groups: sole substrate ( S0 ，FeSO4 ，Na2 S2O3 ，FeS and FeS2 ) and composite substrate ( S0 + FeSO4 ，S0 + Na2 S2O3 ，S0 + FeS，S0 + FeS2 ) ． The results showed that: Except the group of FeS and FeS2 ，pH of mixed liquor in each other experiment declined dramatically． Among the experiments with sole substrates，pH of the bioleaching process with FeSO4 was about 1. 8 at the fifth day． The leaching of Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr and Cu achieved high removal rate as the substrate dosing quantity of 8 ～ 10 g /L． Adding the composite substrate，the best way was dosing S0 + FeSO4 ，the dosing quantity was 8 g /L． At this condition， the removal rates of Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr and Cu were 95. 41%、89. 48%、86. 45%、84. 51%、94. 33%，respectively．
2015, 33(4): 44-47.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504010
Abstract:
The paper conducted the micro-aerated aged refuse reactor for leachate treatment and studied the longterm effect of hydraulic loading on leachate treatment． Ｒesults indicated that with the increase of hydraulic loading，the degradation of organics and nitrogen pollutants from leachate were reduced． In the stable stage，when the hydraulic loading reached 28，42， 56 L/( m3·d) ，the average COD removal were 88%，66%，56%，the average NH+ 4 －N removal were 94%，90%，71%，the average TN removal were 52%，50%，45%，respectively． However，once the hydraulic loading more than 42 L/( m3·d) ， the nitrite accumulation would appear and trend to be more serious with greater hydraulic loading． As a result，a proper hydraulic loading less than 42 L/( m3·d) was suggested during the leachate treatment by the micro-aerated aged refuse reactor．
The paper conducted the micro-aerated aged refuse reactor for leachate treatment and studied the longterm effect of hydraulic loading on leachate treatment． Ｒesults indicated that with the increase of hydraulic loading，the degradation of organics and nitrogen pollutants from leachate were reduced． In the stable stage，when the hydraulic loading reached 28，42， 56 L/( m3·d) ，the average COD removal were 88%，66%，56%，the average NH+ 4 －N removal were 94%，90%，71%，the average TN removal were 52%，50%，45%，respectively． However，once the hydraulic loading more than 42 L/( m3·d) ， the nitrite accumulation would appear and trend to be more serious with greater hydraulic loading． As a result，a proper hydraulic loading less than 42 L/( m3·d) was suggested during the leachate treatment by the micro-aerated aged refuse reactor．
2015, 33(4): 48-52.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504011
Abstract:
In this paper，iron-oxide-coated-zeolite has been prepared by using natural zeolite and ferric nitrate． The absorbing effect of IOCZ on phosphorus was discussed． Ｒesults showed that: With the increase of the dosage of IOCZ，the adsorption amount first increased and then decreased． The removal rate of phosphorus went up with the increase of iron content． When the pH of solution was 7，the removal rate was 92. 6%． The influence of coexisting ions on phosphorus removal of absorbent was small． The adsorbing data fitted the Freundlich isothermal model and the adsorption process of phosphorus satisfactorily followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model． Using NaOH as regenerating agent had a good performance on regenaration， and the regeneration increased with the concentration of NaOH solution．
In this paper，iron-oxide-coated-zeolite has been prepared by using natural zeolite and ferric nitrate． The absorbing effect of IOCZ on phosphorus was discussed． Ｒesults showed that: With the increase of the dosage of IOCZ，the adsorption amount first increased and then decreased． The removal rate of phosphorus went up with the increase of iron content． When the pH of solution was 7，the removal rate was 92. 6%． The influence of coexisting ions on phosphorus removal of absorbent was small． The adsorbing data fitted the Freundlich isothermal model and the adsorption process of phosphorus satisfactorily followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model． Using NaOH as regenerating agent had a good performance on regenaration， and the regeneration increased with the concentration of NaOH solution．
2015, 33(4): 53-57.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504012
Abstract:
To reflect the nitrification performance in the pulse trickling filter，this paper built a biofilm reaction model based on the biological membrane diffusion model，which was based on the mass balance equation，the first Fick law，and the simplified ASM3 model． MATLAB was used to simulate the concentration along the pulse tricking filter，and the parameters were corrected by the measured values and sensitivity of values． The actual measurement data and the simulation result both indicated that the removal of COD，NH + 4 －N，NO － 2 －N，NO － 3 －N mainly concentrated in the middle-upper，middle，lower part and the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 45% and 50% respectively． When the organic load and water cycle changed，the ammonia removal rate decreased with the organic load increasing and went up with the increasing of water cycle．
To reflect the nitrification performance in the pulse trickling filter，this paper built a biofilm reaction model based on the biological membrane diffusion model，which was based on the mass balance equation，the first Fick law，and the simplified ASM3 model． MATLAB was used to simulate the concentration along the pulse tricking filter，and the parameters were corrected by the measured values and sensitivity of values． The actual measurement data and the simulation result both indicated that the removal of COD，NH + 4 －N，NO － 2 －N，NO － 3 －N mainly concentrated in the middle-upper，middle，lower part and the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 45% and 50% respectively． When the organic load and water cycle changed，the ammonia removal rate decreased with the organic load increasing and went up with the increasing of water cycle．
2015, 33(4): 58-62.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504013
Abstract:
Urban landscape lake is an important part of ecological city construction． It always has slow flow，weak hydrodynamic exchange and poor self-purification ability． The water quality is susceptible to urban discharge，runoff or human activities． In this article，a three-dimensional model was used to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of a typical urban landscape lake—Tianyinhu Lake based on EFDC( environment fluid dynamic code) ． The model was applied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2013 to simulate the changes and spatial-temporal distribution of water age． The paper also analysed the influence of rainfall runoff and wind force to water age． The results indicated that the main force of hydrodynamic in Tianyinhu Lake was the rainfall runoff and the wind driven force was faint． This research conclusion could help to understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of urban landscape water body and the influence of hydrodynamic for water quality analysis． It also provide a certain support for the construction and protection of urban water environment
Urban landscape lake is an important part of ecological city construction． It always has slow flow，weak hydrodynamic exchange and poor self-purification ability． The water quality is susceptible to urban discharge，runoff or human activities． In this article，a three-dimensional model was used to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of a typical urban landscape lake—Tianyinhu Lake based on EFDC( environment fluid dynamic code) ． The model was applied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2013 to simulate the changes and spatial-temporal distribution of water age． The paper also analysed the influence of rainfall runoff and wind force to water age． The results indicated that the main force of hydrodynamic in Tianyinhu Lake was the rainfall runoff and the wind driven force was faint． This research conclusion could help to understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of urban landscape water body and the influence of hydrodynamic for water quality analysis． It also provide a certain support for the construction and protection of urban water environment
2015, 33(4): 63-69.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504014
Abstract:
The multiplicative Monod and non-competitive Monod equation were integrated with theoretical equations determined by stoichiometry and bioenergetics to analysis the simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis ( SDM) process． Batch experiment was used to obtain the model parameters with sodium acetate as the electron donor and anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge． The degradation and competition of substrate as well as the inhibitory effect of N-oxides on methanogenesis in the SDM process could be well described using the above models． Furthermore，the cumulative gas production and changes in biomass of each microbial community were predicted． Parametric sensitivity analysis indicated that km，a ，k m，NO3 and km，NO2 were sensitivity factor for methanogenesis，denitratation and denitritation process and their the values were 0. 098 h － 1 ，0. 0824 h － 1 and 0. 0695 h － 1 ，respectively． The results suggested that the maximum specific substrate utilization rate had the most significant effect on the substrate degradation process．
The multiplicative Monod and non-competitive Monod equation were integrated with theoretical equations determined by stoichiometry and bioenergetics to analysis the simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis ( SDM) process． Batch experiment was used to obtain the model parameters with sodium acetate as the electron donor and anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge． The degradation and competition of substrate as well as the inhibitory effect of N-oxides on methanogenesis in the SDM process could be well described using the above models． Furthermore，the cumulative gas production and changes in biomass of each microbial community were predicted． Parametric sensitivity analysis indicated that km，a ，k m，NO3 and km，NO2 were sensitivity factor for methanogenesis，denitratation and denitritation process and their the values were 0. 098 h － 1 ，0. 0824 h － 1 and 0. 0695 h － 1 ，respectively． The results suggested that the maximum specific substrate utilization rate had the most significant effect on the substrate degradation process．
2015, 33(4): 70-74.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504015
Abstract:
Six conventional water chemistry parameters of petroleum contaminated groundwater were monitored by on-situ water quality monitor apparatus． The study illustrated the effects of measuring modes and measuring depths on conventional water chemistry parameters． Ｒesults indicated that at 0. 5m below the petroleum contaminated groundwater，the temperature，pH， dissolved oxygen，redox potential and turbidity varied under the condition of on-situ and ex-situ measurement． In the comparative study period，differences could be observed up to: Temperature of 5 ～ 6 ℃，pH of 0. 2，DO of 3. 0 mg /L，redox potential of 11 mV，turbidity of 55 NTU． The change of groundwater environmental condition would inevitably lead to a series of hydrogeochemical and biogeochemical reactions changes． Within the depth of 0. 5 ～ 4 m under the condition of on-situ measurement，temperature went up with depth increasing，and the maximum amplitude was 0. 16 ℃; pH changed little with increasing depth of groundwater; DO decreased with increasing depth affected by temperature and biochemical oxygen consumption; OＲP and DO had the same trends，and the maximum reduction of OＲP was 62 mV; conductivity unchanged with increasing depth of groundwater; the maximum turbidity of 113 NTU appeared at a depth of 4 m．
Six conventional water chemistry parameters of petroleum contaminated groundwater were monitored by on-situ water quality monitor apparatus． The study illustrated the effects of measuring modes and measuring depths on conventional water chemistry parameters． Ｒesults indicated that at 0. 5m below the petroleum contaminated groundwater，the temperature，pH， dissolved oxygen，redox potential and turbidity varied under the condition of on-situ and ex-situ measurement． In the comparative study period，differences could be observed up to: Temperature of 5 ～ 6 ℃，pH of 0. 2，DO of 3. 0 mg /L，redox potential of 11 mV，turbidity of 55 NTU． The change of groundwater environmental condition would inevitably lead to a series of hydrogeochemical and biogeochemical reactions changes． Within the depth of 0. 5 ～ 4 m under the condition of on-situ measurement，temperature went up with depth increasing，and the maximum amplitude was 0. 16 ℃; pH changed little with increasing depth of groundwater; DO decreased with increasing depth affected by temperature and biochemical oxygen consumption; OＲP and DO had the same trends，and the maximum reduction of OＲP was 62 mV; conductivity unchanged with increasing depth of groundwater; the maximum turbidity of 113 NTU appeared at a depth of 4 m．
2015, 33(4): 75-81.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504016
Abstract:
From the four typical areas ( industrial zone，transport area，living quarters and scenic spot) in Urumqi， the study used the atmosphere automatic sampler( Lao-ying2050) ， and TSP/PM10 /PM5 /PM2. 5 precietc to collect TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2. 5 in the atmosphere simultaneously． Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn and Mn in TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2. 5 ． The results showed that: the range of Cd was 0. 52 ～ 10. 72 ng /m3 ; the range of Pb was 25. 66 ～ 356. 87 ng /m3 ; the range of Cu was 12. 57 ～ 173. 93 ng / m3 ; the range of Ni was 1. 85 ～ 78. 22 ng /m3 ; the range of Zn was 67. 58 ～ 431. 49 ng /m3 ; the range of Mn was 18. 87 ～ 310. 20 ng /m3 ． The heavy metal in atmospheric particulates had correlation with wind strength，and the distribution of heavy metals and wind also had a certain relationship．
From the four typical areas ( industrial zone，transport area，living quarters and scenic spot) in Urumqi， the study used the atmosphere automatic sampler( Lao-ying2050) ， and TSP/PM10 /PM5 /PM2. 5 precietc to collect TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2. 5 in the atmosphere simultaneously． Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn and Mn in TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2. 5 ． The results showed that: the range of Cd was 0. 52 ～ 10. 72 ng /m3 ; the range of Pb was 25. 66 ～ 356. 87 ng /m3 ; the range of Cu was 12. 57 ～ 173. 93 ng / m3 ; the range of Ni was 1. 85 ～ 78. 22 ng /m3 ; the range of Zn was 67. 58 ～ 431. 49 ng /m3 ; the range of Mn was 18. 87 ～ 310. 20 ng /m3 ． The heavy metal in atmospheric particulates had correlation with wind strength，and the distribution of heavy metals and wind also had a certain relationship．
2015, 33(4): 82-85.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504017
Abstract:
For study the influence law of the urban space structure on the automobile exhaust diffusion，the paper established an urban core region geometry model from high resolution remote sensing image． Based on the important boundary conditions meteorological wind，using CFD and multiphase flow，the diffusion processing of the vehicle queue exhaust at a crossroads during idle waiting of 35s，45s、55s were simulated，and the volume fractions of four monitoring stations at 45 seconds were measured． At last，building heights were optimized and the automobile exhaust contents reduced． Some conclusions were as follows: in narrow space，CO volume fraction near-earth space was up to 1. 0 × 10 － 7， and more than 100 times of the entire study area average value． Urban space structure had great influence on automobile exhaust diffusion． The laws deduced from simulation agree with the measurement． Local meteorological wind direction and speed should be considered and some height gradient should be selected in buildings structural layout，promoting the exhaust spread rapidly to the urban remote space．
For study the influence law of the urban space structure on the automobile exhaust diffusion，the paper established an urban core region geometry model from high resolution remote sensing image． Based on the important boundary conditions meteorological wind，using CFD and multiphase flow，the diffusion processing of the vehicle queue exhaust at a crossroads during idle waiting of 35s，45s、55s were simulated，and the volume fractions of four monitoring stations at 45 seconds were measured． At last，building heights were optimized and the automobile exhaust contents reduced． Some conclusions were as follows: in narrow space，CO volume fraction near-earth space was up to 1. 0 × 10 － 7， and more than 100 times of the entire study area average value． Urban space structure had great influence on automobile exhaust diffusion． The laws deduced from simulation agree with the measurement． Local meteorological wind direction and speed should be considered and some height gradient should be selected in buildings structural layout，promoting the exhaust spread rapidly to the urban remote space．
2015, 33(4): 86-91.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504018
Abstract:
Chosen PPS fabric material，microfiber layer filter material，microporous PTFE membrane filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material as filter material，the study measured the dynamic dust removal performance indexes in the VDI device for cold test adpoting the Al2O3 dust of Pural NF． The results showed that the types of fabric properties had a relatively large influence on the resistance of the filtration materials． Although the resistance of filter material in clean stage was close to 200 Pa， but the resistance in stable and aging stage was only 300 Pa，and the conventional filter material resistance at stable stage was the largest up to 790 Pa． The difference of the fabric property also had a comparatively large influence on the average dust cleaning cycle of the filtration materials． The average dust cleaning cycles of the microporous PTFE membrane filter material，microfiber layer filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material and the conventional PPS filter material were 380，241，223，177 s，the dust cleaning cycle in other stage was the same as in the initial stages． The microporous PTFE membrane filtration material had the longest cleaning cycle and the longest life cycle． The filtration efficiencies of the microporous PTFE membrane filter material， microfiber layer filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material and the conventional PPS filter material in the initial stage could reach above 99. 9%，and the penetration efficiencies were 0. 0261%，0. 004%，0. 0321% and 0. 0322% respectively． The filtration efficiencies except the conventional filter material could reach above 99. 99%，and the penetration efficiencies were 0. 0027%，0. 0003%，0. 0014% and 0. 4765% respectively in the stable stage．
Chosen PPS fabric material，microfiber layer filter material，microporous PTFE membrane filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material as filter material，the study measured the dynamic dust removal performance indexes in the VDI device for cold test adpoting the Al2O3 dust of Pural NF． The results showed that the types of fabric properties had a relatively large influence on the resistance of the filtration materials． Although the resistance of filter material in clean stage was close to 200 Pa， but the resistance in stable and aging stage was only 300 Pa，and the conventional filter material resistance at stable stage was the largest up to 790 Pa． The difference of the fabric property also had a comparatively large influence on the average dust cleaning cycle of the filtration materials． The average dust cleaning cycles of the microporous PTFE membrane filter material，microfiber layer filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material and the conventional PPS filter material were 380，241，223，177 s，the dust cleaning cycle in other stage was the same as in the initial stages． The microporous PTFE membrane filtration material had the longest cleaning cycle and the longest life cycle． The filtration efficiencies of the microporous PTFE membrane filter material， microfiber layer filter material，triple leaf fiber layer filter material and the conventional PPS filter material in the initial stage could reach above 99. 9%，and the penetration efficiencies were 0. 0261%，0. 004%，0. 0321% and 0. 0322% respectively． The filtration efficiencies except the conventional filter material could reach above 99. 99%，and the penetration efficiencies were 0. 0027%，0. 0003%，0. 0014% and 0. 4765% respectively in the stable stage．
NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHOD OF GAS FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATOR FOR CONVERTER GAS
2015, 33(4): 92-96.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504019
Abstract:
Electric field uniformity of import and export of electrical precipitator flow distribution is the main factor that affects the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators． On the bases of computational fluid dynamic( CFD) method，the airflow distribution of rectangular and cylindrical shape of electricity precipitator for converter gas were simulated using fluent software platform． Compared the difference between the gas flow distribution of two electrostatic precipitators，the study illustrated superiority of gas flow distribution in cylindrical electrostatic precipitator．
Electric field uniformity of import and export of electrical precipitator flow distribution is the main factor that affects the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators． On the bases of computational fluid dynamic( CFD) method，the airflow distribution of rectangular and cylindrical shape of electricity precipitator for converter gas were simulated using fluent software platform． Compared the difference between the gas flow distribution of two electrostatic precipitators，the study illustrated superiority of gas flow distribution in cylindrical electrostatic precipitator．
2015, 33(4): 97-99.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504020
Abstract:
High efficiency of grab dredging equipment and less sediment pollutant release is the key problem of enviormental protection dredging． Based on the requirment of enviormental protection dredging and the specific situation of the invariable backwater zone of the Three Gorges reservoir area，the optional parameters from reducing disturbance and preventing the sediment suspension should be sought to solve the problem of reservoir sedimentation and the second pollution． The author simulate sediment dredging in the invariable backwater zone of the three gorges reservoir area through the traditional grab gredging equipment parameters control such as grab bucket opening，floating bucket angle，frequency of grabing mud． This method could find the optimal parameter combination of minimum sediment pollutant release． The experiment provided the optimal parameter support for the sediment dredging in the Three Gorges reservoir area，combined with the actual requirement of navigation．
High efficiency of grab dredging equipment and less sediment pollutant release is the key problem of enviormental protection dredging． Based on the requirment of enviormental protection dredging and the specific situation of the invariable backwater zone of the Three Gorges reservoir area，the optional parameters from reducing disturbance and preventing the sediment suspension should be sought to solve the problem of reservoir sedimentation and the second pollution． The author simulate sediment dredging in the invariable backwater zone of the three gorges reservoir area through the traditional grab gredging equipment parameters control such as grab bucket opening，floating bucket angle，frequency of grabing mud． This method could find the optimal parameter combination of minimum sediment pollutant release． The experiment provided the optimal parameter support for the sediment dredging in the Three Gorges reservoir area，combined with the actual requirement of navigation．
2015, 33(4): 100-102.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504021
Abstract:
Steel slag is generated from steel making process，and it is similar to cement clinker in phase composition． However，steel slag has not been effective utilized in building materials because of its high free CaO content． This paper discussed the thermodynamics analysis and modification experimental of hot steel slag． Modification experimental result coincided very well with thermodynamics analysis． Utilizing CO2 gas as the modifier，phase composition of steel slag was improved greatly，and the amount of f-CaO reduced to less than 1%．
Steel slag is generated from steel making process，and it is similar to cement clinker in phase composition． However，steel slag has not been effective utilized in building materials because of its high free CaO content． This paper discussed the thermodynamics analysis and modification experimental of hot steel slag． Modification experimental result coincided very well with thermodynamics analysis． Utilizing CO2 gas as the modifier，phase composition of steel slag was improved greatly，and the amount of f-CaO reduced to less than 1%．
2015, 33(4): 103-107.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504022
Abstract:
This paper studied the condensation and absorption characteristic of the cement raw meal for Pb and Cd in lead and cadmium chloride through a coupling device of a rotary tube furnace and a vertical furnace with automatic temperature control． Ｒesults showed that heavy metal vapor in the flue gas mainly condensated on the surface of cement raw meal at lowtemperatures during co-processing in cement kilns． Heavy metals ( Pb、Cd) into the experimental furnace could be divided into three parts: Condensation on the wall of the vertical furnace，occupying approximately 60% for Pb，and 60% for Cd; condensation and absorption on the cement raw meal，occupying lower than 30% for Pb，and 20% ～ 30% for Cd; releasing into the atmosphere，which occupies less than 20% for Pb，and approximately 10% for Cd． The condensation and absorption of the cement raw meal for Pb and Cd both increased with time，but decreased as the temperature increase． The condensation and absorption kinetics could be well described by the double constant rate equation，and the apparent activation energy of Pb was 5. 013 kJ /mol，and Cd was 5. 071 kJ /mol．
This paper studied the condensation and absorption characteristic of the cement raw meal for Pb and Cd in lead and cadmium chloride through a coupling device of a rotary tube furnace and a vertical furnace with automatic temperature control． Ｒesults showed that heavy metal vapor in the flue gas mainly condensated on the surface of cement raw meal at lowtemperatures during co-processing in cement kilns． Heavy metals ( Pb、Cd) into the experimental furnace could be divided into three parts: Condensation on the wall of the vertical furnace，occupying approximately 60% for Pb，and 60% for Cd; condensation and absorption on the cement raw meal，occupying lower than 30% for Pb，and 20% ～ 30% for Cd; releasing into the atmosphere，which occupies less than 20% for Pb，and approximately 10% for Cd． The condensation and absorption of the cement raw meal for Pb and Cd both increased with time，but decreased as the temperature increase． The condensation and absorption kinetics could be well described by the double constant rate equation，and the apparent activation energy of Pb was 5. 013 kJ /mol，and Cd was 5. 071 kJ /mol．
2015, 33(4): 108-111.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504023
Abstract:
Nowadays the inefficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is a common problem in wastewater treatment，and the primary reason is that the wastewater has high amount of organic content but low amount of biodegradable organics． The biodegradable organics is one sort of important carbon source during biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process． Solid wastes has the characteristics of high amount of organic content，easily biodegradation，reasonable price，using waste solid as external carbon source is promising to improve efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment． The research introduced the characteristics of solid wastes including sludge，agricultural wastes，aquaculture waste and kitchen wastes，analyzed the status of using their hydrolysate as carbon source，and proposed the existing problems and further research．
Nowadays the inefficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is a common problem in wastewater treatment，and the primary reason is that the wastewater has high amount of organic content but low amount of biodegradable organics． The biodegradable organics is one sort of important carbon source during biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process． Solid wastes has the characteristics of high amount of organic content，easily biodegradation，reasonable price，using waste solid as external carbon source is promising to improve efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment． The research introduced the characteristics of solid wastes including sludge，agricultural wastes，aquaculture waste and kitchen wastes，analyzed the status of using their hydrolysate as carbon source，and proposed the existing problems and further research．
2015, 33(4): 112-115.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504024
Abstract:
Although chromium is one of the most important raw material in modern industry，the chromium residue produced in the calcium-roasting does harm to people's health and pollutes the ecological environment seriously． This paper introduced and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these main ways of chromium residue disposal at home and abroad． The treatment abroad focused on chromium slag disposal safely，but the treatment domestic is given priority to the comprehensive utilization of chromium slag． Nowadays，people pay more attention to the environment benefit and the resource utilization rate，so the comprehensive utilization of the chromium residue can get a ideal solution for both economic and environment benefit．
Although chromium is one of the most important raw material in modern industry，the chromium residue produced in the calcium-roasting does harm to people's health and pollutes the ecological environment seriously． This paper introduced and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these main ways of chromium residue disposal at home and abroad． The treatment abroad focused on chromium slag disposal safely，but the treatment domestic is given priority to the comprehensive utilization of chromium slag． Nowadays，people pay more attention to the environment benefit and the resource utilization rate，so the comprehensive utilization of the chromium residue can get a ideal solution for both economic and environment benefit．
2015, 33(4): 116-120.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504025
Abstract:
Printed circuit boards ( PCB) are the core part of electronic waste，and a huge number of waste PCB generated every year． The typical PCB contains about 30% metal in weight． Different electric and electronic equipment has different function． In this paper different waste PCBs including computers，cellphones，hard disks and industrial controller were dismantled． This paper provided the contrast analysis of the metal content of waste PCB and their potential value． The waste PCB was removed from components on PCB． Kinds and content of metals varied in different waste PCB． The potential value of industrial controllers and hard disks was 800 000 yuan per ton，larger than computers and cellphones． The content of common metals especially copper was about 20 kg /t，and mainly concentrated in the removal of components circuit board．
Printed circuit boards ( PCB) are the core part of electronic waste，and a huge number of waste PCB generated every year． The typical PCB contains about 30% metal in weight． Different electric and electronic equipment has different function． In this paper different waste PCBs including computers，cellphones，hard disks and industrial controller were dismantled． This paper provided the contrast analysis of the metal content of waste PCB and their potential value． The waste PCB was removed from components on PCB． Kinds and content of metals varied in different waste PCB． The potential value of industrial controllers and hard disks was 800 000 yuan per ton，larger than computers and cellphones． The content of common metals especially copper was about 20 kg /t，and mainly concentrated in the removal of components circuit board．
2015, 33(4): 121-127.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504026
Abstract:
This paper investigated soil around smelter in Changqing Town of Baoji City in Northwest China，analyzed quantitatively the soil heavy metals of Pb，Zn，Cr and Cu，assessed health risks associated with four metals，and discriminated the pollution sources． The results showed that the concentrations of Pb，Zn，Cr and Cu were higher than background values， and heavy metals concentration decreased gradually from the topsoil． The soils were contaminated between pollution and heavy pollution by heavy metals，in the following order: Pb≥Cr≥Zn ＞ Cu． The children were more vulnerable than adults for daily exposure doses，single factor non-carcinogenic risk and composite non-carcinogenic risk． Daily exposure doses and noncarcinogenic risk of corresponding different exposure routes for adults and children were in the following order: Oral intake ＞ dermal contact intake ＞ inhalation intake． Non-carcinogenic risk and composite total risk for adults and children didn't exist． Children were more vulnerable than adults for Cr carcinogenic risk of inhalation intake，but there was no carcinogenic risk for adults and children． The pollution sources discrimination indicated that Pb，Cr and Cu had a common source，but Zn had different source．
This paper investigated soil around smelter in Changqing Town of Baoji City in Northwest China，analyzed quantitatively the soil heavy metals of Pb，Zn，Cr and Cu，assessed health risks associated with four metals，and discriminated the pollution sources． The results showed that the concentrations of Pb，Zn，Cr and Cu were higher than background values， and heavy metals concentration decreased gradually from the topsoil． The soils were contaminated between pollution and heavy pollution by heavy metals，in the following order: Pb≥Cr≥Zn ＞ Cu． The children were more vulnerable than adults for daily exposure doses，single factor non-carcinogenic risk and composite non-carcinogenic risk． Daily exposure doses and noncarcinogenic risk of corresponding different exposure routes for adults and children were in the following order: Oral intake ＞ dermal contact intake ＞ inhalation intake． Non-carcinogenic risk and composite total risk for adults and children didn't exist． Children were more vulnerable than adults for Cr carcinogenic risk of inhalation intake，but there was no carcinogenic risk for adults and children． The pollution sources discrimination indicated that Pb，Cr and Cu had a common source，but Zn had different source．
2015, 33(4): 128-131.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504027
Abstract:
Based on the method of Net Annual Value and the efficiency evaluation factors of ground source heat pump system ( GSHP) ，this paper proposed a comprehensive benefit evaluation model． Taking a project in Tianjin as an example，an integrated comparison of GSHP and distributed cooling machine + municipal heating network system showed that the former had remarkable economic and environmental benefits． The increase earnings in NVA of GSHP was 162. 8 million yuan，saving annual operating costs of 51. 3 million yuan and standard coal of 481. 4t． The study analysed the FIＲＲ of GSHP by using the sensitivity analysis method，providing a reference for optimizing the investment and evading risks．
Based on the method of Net Annual Value and the efficiency evaluation factors of ground source heat pump system ( GSHP) ，this paper proposed a comprehensive benefit evaluation model． Taking a project in Tianjin as an example，an integrated comparison of GSHP and distributed cooling machine + municipal heating network system showed that the former had remarkable economic and environmental benefits． The increase earnings in NVA of GSHP was 162. 8 million yuan，saving annual operating costs of 51. 3 million yuan and standard coal of 481. 4t． The study analysed the FIＲＲ of GSHP by using the sensitivity analysis method，providing a reference for optimizing the investment and evading risks．
2015, 33(4): 132-136.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504028
Abstract:
Station emplaced is an important technology part of the marine environment monitoring work，occupying the significance part of obtaining representative monitoring data and servicing environmental management． This paper used Q-type classification method to optimize the monitoring sites in Liaodong Bay． Water representative stations were optimized from the original 29 to 22． The environmental quality of the optimized samples was equivalent with the coastal environment quality，and more representative than the conventional monitoring stations． Increasing the sampling efficiency and saving costs of the monitor，the study on the optimization technology of coastal waters sampling had realistic meaning．
Station emplaced is an important technology part of the marine environment monitoring work，occupying the significance part of obtaining representative monitoring data and servicing environmental management． This paper used Q-type classification method to optimize the monitoring sites in Liaodong Bay． Water representative stations were optimized from the original 29 to 22． The environmental quality of the optimized samples was equivalent with the coastal environment quality，and more representative than the conventional monitoring stations． Increasing the sampling efficiency and saving costs of the monitor，the study on the optimization technology of coastal waters sampling had realistic meaning．
2015, 33(4): 137-141.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504029
Abstract:
Based on the present situation of biomass gasification power generation industry in China，this paper proposed a comprehensive risk assessment index system for China＇s biomass gasification power generation industry． The system included five first-level effect factors such as market risk，technical risk，security risk，management risk and environmental risk． Each first-level effect factor covered four sub-factors． Analytic hierarchy processs( AHP) was integrated with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to calculate the risk grade of biomass gasification power generation industry in qualitative and quantitative analysis． The results showed that the current biomass gasification power generation industry in China had a higher level risk in accordance with the real situation． The construction of comprehensive risk evaluation system was reasonable． The study provided some suggestions and relevant countermeasures to promote the development of biomass gasification power generation industry．
Based on the present situation of biomass gasification power generation industry in China，this paper proposed a comprehensive risk assessment index system for China＇s biomass gasification power generation industry． The system included five first-level effect factors such as market risk，technical risk，security risk，management risk and environmental risk． Each first-level effect factor covered four sub-factors． Analytic hierarchy processs( AHP) was integrated with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to calculate the risk grade of biomass gasification power generation industry in qualitative and quantitative analysis． The results showed that the current biomass gasification power generation industry in China had a higher level risk in accordance with the real situation． The construction of comprehensive risk evaluation system was reasonable． The study provided some suggestions and relevant countermeasures to promote the development of biomass gasification power generation industry．
2015, 33(4): 142-145.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504030
Abstract:
The main methods for measuring black carbon mass concentration were optical absorption technique，thermal technique and thermal-optical technique． Based on the collation of the carbon data at the monitoring site in Nanmen of Suzhou City，the study compared three methods to analyze the differences． The main source differences among the three methods were as follows: the attenuation coefficient of Aethalometer had no universal standard，separation of OC carbonization and EC of the thermal technique was incomplete，and controversial temperature setting of the protocol of TOT was the main reason of the differences among the three methods．
The main methods for measuring black carbon mass concentration were optical absorption technique，thermal technique and thermal-optical technique． Based on the collation of the carbon data at the monitoring site in Nanmen of Suzhou City，the study compared three methods to analyze the differences． The main source differences among the three methods were as follows: the attenuation coefficient of Aethalometer had no universal standard，separation of OC carbonization and EC of the thermal technique was incomplete，and controversial temperature setting of the protocol of TOT was the main reason of the differences among the three methods．
2015, 33(4): 146-149.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504031
Abstract:
For the characteristics of wastewater in steel industry，the paper analyzed the current wastewater pollution control measures of mainly processes and the whole plant in steel industry，stressed the major processes，water quality and main problems of the two levels reverse osmosis． Through the site survey in large steel groups，taking TISCO's reverse osmosis and evaporation and crystallization process as an example，the technical feasibility of zero discharge of wastewater was realized in steel industry． This technology could resolve the problem of discharging the brine．
For the characteristics of wastewater in steel industry，the paper analyzed the current wastewater pollution control measures of mainly processes and the whole plant in steel industry，stressed the major processes，water quality and main problems of the two levels reverse osmosis． Through the site survey in large steel groups，taking TISCO's reverse osmosis and evaporation and crystallization process as an example，the technical feasibility of zero discharge of wastewater was realized in steel industry． This technology could resolve the problem of discharging the brine．
2015, 33(4): 150-155.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504032
Abstract:
Gas sources are one of the key factors for the popularization of carbon capture and reservoir storage technology． This paper studied the economic comparison method of CO2 gas source route from the CO2 gas reservoirs，natural gas reservoirs containing CO2 and high energy-consumption enterprises as the research object． P1 ，P2 indicators and their computational models were constructed，and economic factors in the model and their calculation methods for different gas sources were elaborated． Finally，a case study of three CO2 capture demonstration projects currently running in China was conducted using the method above． The proposed method in this paper could provide great guidance on selection decisions of gas supply route for CO2-EOＲ projects
Gas sources are one of the key factors for the popularization of carbon capture and reservoir storage technology． This paper studied the economic comparison method of CO2 gas source route from the CO2 gas reservoirs，natural gas reservoirs containing CO2 and high energy-consumption enterprises as the research object． P1 ，P2 indicators and their computational models were constructed，and economic factors in the model and their calculation methods for different gas sources were elaborated． Finally，a case study of three CO2 capture demonstration projects currently running in China was conducted using the method above． The proposed method in this paper could provide great guidance on selection decisions of gas supply route for CO2-EOＲ projects
2015, 33(4): 156-160.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201504033
Abstract:
Under China's fast urbanization and industrial upgrading process，a large number of traditional industrial enterprises are undergoing relocation，reform，or bankruptcy． As a result，the number of industrial brownfield sites have increased greatly in recent years． Spatially，the topography of this type of brownfield is generally level，with large-scale industrial heritage buildings and structures acting as dominant spatial elements on site． Contamination mainly exists in soil and underground water body，hard to detect and has a long incubation period． Industrial brownfield regeneration projects normally have a long timeframe with uncertainty during the process． The well-known Gas Works Park in Seattle，USA，can serve as an exemplar of these characteristics． It has experienced several rounds of environmental investigation and remediation process，lasting more than half century． However，until today，there might still be contamination remaining on site
Under China's fast urbanization and industrial upgrading process，a large number of traditional industrial enterprises are undergoing relocation，reform，or bankruptcy． As a result，the number of industrial brownfield sites have increased greatly in recent years． Spatially，the topography of this type of brownfield is generally level，with large-scale industrial heritage buildings and structures acting as dominant spatial elements on site． Contamination mainly exists in soil and underground water body，hard to detect and has a long incubation period． Industrial brownfield regeneration projects normally have a long timeframe with uncertainty during the process． The well-known Gas Works Park in Seattle，USA，can serve as an exemplar of these characteristics． It has experienced several rounds of environmental investigation and remediation process，lasting more than half century． However，until today，there might still be contamination remaining on site
