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2015 Vol. 33, No. 7
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2015, 33(7): 1-6.
Abstract:
Petroleum hydrocarbons has biological cumulative． It can be retained in the environment for a long time． If the behavior and the end-result of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment can be mastered，it has the great significance to control the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons and protect human's health． Biodegradation is the main process to the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils-groundwater system． The focus of this review is on the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil-groundwater system，the microorganisms degrading petroleum hydrocarbons，biodegradation mechanisms and the methods which are used to remedy petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soils and groundwater，and use of microbial molecular ecology to monitor the process of the biodegradation，and point out the future directions．
Petroleum hydrocarbons has biological cumulative． It can be retained in the environment for a long time． If the behavior and the end-result of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment can be mastered，it has the great significance to control the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons and protect human's health． Biodegradation is the main process to the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils-groundwater system． The focus of this review is on the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil-groundwater system，the microorganisms degrading petroleum hydrocarbons，biodegradation mechanisms and the methods which are used to remedy petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soils and groundwater，and use of microbial molecular ecology to monitor the process of the biodegradation，and point out the future directions．
2015, 33(7): 7-11.
Abstract:
In present study，artificial light was used for adding light to Ceratophyllum demersum，the decolorization of acid dye wastewater by the method and the enzymes response of the plants has been studied． The results showed that Ceratophyllum demersum had high color removal efficiency，and artificial lights added could advance its rate，of which the red light achieved more effect than the white and blue． Apart from that，light intensity and illumination time were positively correlated with the decolorization． The preliminary technological parameters were: red light power 6 W，filling light 3 h /d and residence time five days． As this conditions，the chromaticity could be reduced from 40 times to 10 times and the removal rate would be reached to 75. 0%． In addition，artificial light could promote and accelerate the superoxide dismutase，catalase and peroxidase activity，which would enhance the resistance response of plants．
In present study，artificial light was used for adding light to Ceratophyllum demersum，the decolorization of acid dye wastewater by the method and the enzymes response of the plants has been studied． The results showed that Ceratophyllum demersum had high color removal efficiency，and artificial lights added could advance its rate，of which the red light achieved more effect than the white and blue． Apart from that，light intensity and illumination time were positively correlated with the decolorization． The preliminary technological parameters were: red light power 6 W，filling light 3 h /d and residence time five days． As this conditions，the chromaticity could be reduced from 40 times to 10 times and the removal rate would be reached to 75. 0%． In addition，artificial light could promote and accelerate the superoxide dismutase，catalase and peroxidase activity，which would enhance the resistance response of plants．
2015, 33(7): 12-14.
Abstract:
To analogize the blackbody radiation formula，the time course line distribution or the change regulation along the way of the reciprocal of pollutant concentration in one-dimensional flow field can all be described with Plank' s distribution formula of space-time transition of the pollutant concentration． Combined with the measured monitoring data of pollutant in river water，the parameters in the formula were optimized by using immune evolutionary algorithm ( IEA) ． Optimized Plank's formula of space-time transition of pollutant concentration in one-dimensional flow field can be obtained． Cases analysis showed that the formula was clear in meaning，simple in form，easy to calculation and had the feature with fewer parameters．
To analogize the blackbody radiation formula，the time course line distribution or the change regulation along the way of the reciprocal of pollutant concentration in one-dimensional flow field can all be described with Plank' s distribution formula of space-time transition of the pollutant concentration． Combined with the measured monitoring data of pollutant in river water，the parameters in the formula were optimized by using immune evolutionary algorithm ( IEA) ． Optimized Plank's formula of space-time transition of pollutant concentration in one-dimensional flow field can be obtained． Cases analysis showed that the formula was clear in meaning，simple in form，easy to calculation and had the feature with fewer parameters．
2015, 33(7): 15-18?.
Abstract:
The XAD-8 macroporous adsorption resin was used to isolate the dissolved organic material from heavy oil wastewater，the TOC，UV254 ，hardness，concentration of Ca2 + and Mg2 + of DOM from heavy oil wastewater and its separated components were measured，and potentiometric titration and infrared spectrum were used to characterize the heavy oil wastewater． The results showed that，DOM from heavy oil wastewater included a hydrophobic part of humic acid( HA) and fulvic acid( FA) mainly，occupied the total TOC 18. 64% and 43. 58%，respectively，the hydrophilic part( HyI) accounted for only 9. 35%，and also a part of organic matter were not isolated． The aromaticity of these fractions followed the order HA ＞ FA ＞ DOM of heavy oil wastewater ＞ HyI． The potentiometric titration indicated that the total organic acidity of these fractions decreased in the order of FA ＞ HA ＞ HyI． The reaction between HA，FA and Ca2 + ，Mg2 + may result in HA and FA adhering to the macroporous weak acid resin，
The XAD-8 macroporous adsorption resin was used to isolate the dissolved organic material from heavy oil wastewater，the TOC，UV254 ，hardness，concentration of Ca2 + and Mg2 + of DOM from heavy oil wastewater and its separated components were measured，and potentiometric titration and infrared spectrum were used to characterize the heavy oil wastewater． The results showed that，DOM from heavy oil wastewater included a hydrophobic part of humic acid( HA) and fulvic acid( FA) mainly，occupied the total TOC 18. 64% and 43. 58%，respectively，the hydrophilic part( HyI) accounted for only 9. 35%，and also a part of organic matter were not isolated． The aromaticity of these fractions followed the order HA ＞ FA ＞ DOM of heavy oil wastewater ＞ HyI． The potentiometric titration indicated that the total organic acidity of these fractions decreased in the order of FA ＞ HA ＞ HyI． The reaction between HA，FA and Ca2 + ，Mg2 + may result in HA and FA adhering to the macroporous weak acid resin，
2015, 33(7): 19-23.
Abstract:
A mathematical model of gas-liquid-solid three phase inner-circulation fluidized bed was established． The feasibility of fluid dynamics CFD simulation technology applied in gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed in operation was verified． The effect of the operating factors such as superficial gas velocity and solid loading ratio on gas holdup and liquid circulation velocity was discussed． The results showed that gas holdup firstly increased，then decreased with solid loading ratio continuously going up，and a maximum reached at 13%． When the superficial gas velocity changed in the range of 0 ～ 0. 05 m/s，gas holdup increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity，peaking at 0. 05 m/s． When superficial gas velocity was greater than 0. 05 m/s，no longer gas holdup increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity，but basically remained unchanged． Liquid circulation velocity decreased with the increase of solid loading ratio，but increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity． In terms of gas holdup，liquid circulation velocity as constraint conditions，the fluidized bed reactor was in the best condition with solid loading ratio 13% and superficial gas velocity of 0. 05 m/s．
A mathematical model of gas-liquid-solid three phase inner-circulation fluidized bed was established． The feasibility of fluid dynamics CFD simulation technology applied in gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed in operation was verified． The effect of the operating factors such as superficial gas velocity and solid loading ratio on gas holdup and liquid circulation velocity was discussed． The results showed that gas holdup firstly increased，then decreased with solid loading ratio continuously going up，and a maximum reached at 13%． When the superficial gas velocity changed in the range of 0 ～ 0. 05 m/s，gas holdup increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity，peaking at 0. 05 m/s． When superficial gas velocity was greater than 0. 05 m/s，no longer gas holdup increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity，but basically remained unchanged． Liquid circulation velocity decreased with the increase of solid loading ratio，but increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity． In terms of gas holdup，liquid circulation velocity as constraint conditions，the fluidized bed reactor was in the best condition with solid loading ratio 13% and superficial gas velocity of 0. 05 m/s．
2015, 33(7): 24-26.
Abstract:
It is significant to the decentralized sewage disposal of the countryside by combining the johkasou with solar micro power technology． In order to improve the utilization of johkasou，the basic principles，process characteristics，maintenance management system and applications of sewage-treatment technology were studied，and the feasibility of solar micro-power technology applications was analyzed． It was proposed that presented insufficient and recommendations that consisted in applications of johkasou combined with solar micro-power technology for rural decentralized sewage treatment．
It is significant to the decentralized sewage disposal of the countryside by combining the johkasou with solar micro power technology． In order to improve the utilization of johkasou，the basic principles，process characteristics，maintenance management system and applications of sewage-treatment technology were studied，and the feasibility of solar micro-power technology applications was analyzed． It was proposed that presented insufficient and recommendations that consisted in applications of johkasou combined with solar micro-power technology for rural decentralized sewage treatment．
2015, 33(7): 27-30?.
Abstract:
Air flow rate and diffuser density are two important parameters of aeration system． In order to study the rules of oxygenation performance of fine-pore membrane and ceramic diffuser under different air flow rate and diffuser density on pilot scale research，oxygenation capacity and oxygen transfer efficiency were used as evaluation indexs． For the fine-pore membrane diffuser，the results showed that the oxygenation capacity increased with improving air flow rate and diffuser density． Oxygen transfer efficiency increased when air flow rate was from 0 to 3. 5 m3 /h，and then decreased when air flow rate was from 3. 5 m3 /h to 8. 0 m3 /h． As diffuser density increased，the oxygen transfer efficiency decreased first，then increased． For the ceramic diffuser，the results showed that the oxygenation capacity increased with improving diffuser density． Oxygen transfer efficiency decreased with air flow rate increased． As diffuser density increased，the oxygen transfer efficiency increased firstly， then decreased． The optimum air flow rate of single fine-pore membrane diffuser was about 3. 0 m3 /h and the optimum range of diffuser density was 4. 5% ～ 5. 0%， the optimum range of diffuser density of ceramic diffuser was 11% ～ 15%．
Air flow rate and diffuser density are two important parameters of aeration system． In order to study the rules of oxygenation performance of fine-pore membrane and ceramic diffuser under different air flow rate and diffuser density on pilot scale research，oxygenation capacity and oxygen transfer efficiency were used as evaluation indexs． For the fine-pore membrane diffuser，the results showed that the oxygenation capacity increased with improving air flow rate and diffuser density． Oxygen transfer efficiency increased when air flow rate was from 0 to 3. 5 m3 /h，and then decreased when air flow rate was from 3. 5 m3 /h to 8. 0 m3 /h． As diffuser density increased，the oxygen transfer efficiency decreased first，then increased． For the ceramic diffuser，the results showed that the oxygenation capacity increased with improving diffuser density． Oxygen transfer efficiency decreased with air flow rate increased． As diffuser density increased，the oxygen transfer efficiency increased firstly， then decreased． The optimum air flow rate of single fine-pore membrane diffuser was about 3. 0 m3 /h and the optimum range of diffuser density was 4. 5% ～ 5. 0%， the optimum range of diffuser density of ceramic diffuser was 11% ～ 15%．
2015, 33(7): 31-35?.
Abstract:
Aromatic compounds，which will cause serious harms to human beings，are a group of persistent organic pollutants ( POPs) ． At present，the high cost of the advanced aromatic compounds processing technologies makes the large-scale application of the technologies impossible． Constructed wetlands，which have the advantage of low-cost in construction，lowenergy in operation and easy maintenance，are attracting great concern on their capability of removing aromatic compounds from wastewater． This paper presented a review of current research situation and mechanism of aromatic compounds removal in the constructed wetlands，in which the substrates，plants and microorganism played the significant roles，while the hydrolysis， photodegradation，and volatilization were not major removal processes for most organic compounds． Therefore，future studies is probably to select the appropriate substrates and plants，gain an insight into the coupling mechanism of substrates，plants and microorganism，avoid short circuits as far as possible，obtain optimal contaminant-root contact，optimize the physico-chemical conditions in the rhizosphere，and enhance the microorganism activities to get higher removal efficiency．
Aromatic compounds，which will cause serious harms to human beings，are a group of persistent organic pollutants ( POPs) ． At present，the high cost of the advanced aromatic compounds processing technologies makes the large-scale application of the technologies impossible． Constructed wetlands，which have the advantage of low-cost in construction，lowenergy in operation and easy maintenance，are attracting great concern on their capability of removing aromatic compounds from wastewater． This paper presented a review of current research situation and mechanism of aromatic compounds removal in the constructed wetlands，in which the substrates，plants and microorganism played the significant roles，while the hydrolysis， photodegradation，and volatilization were not major removal processes for most organic compounds． Therefore，future studies is probably to select the appropriate substrates and plants，gain an insight into the coupling mechanism of substrates，plants and microorganism，avoid short circuits as far as possible，obtain optimal contaminant-root contact，optimize the physico-chemical conditions in the rhizosphere，and enhance the microorganism activities to get higher removal efficiency．
2015, 33(7): 36-40?.
Abstract:
Alkaline birnessite had been synthesized by an oxidation-reduction method，and its crystal structure，specific surface area and surface chemical property were characterized． The influencing factors of Cr ( Ⅲ) oxidation by alkaline birnessite was also studied． The results indicated with decrease of Mn7 + /Mn2 + in synthetic method，the AOS and specific surface area of synthetic birnessite decreased，but the PZC of synthetic birnessite increased． The effect of reaction conditions ( pH，concentration of Cr( Ⅲ) ，birnessite loadings and AOS) was studied． The oxidation rate of Cr( Ⅲ) increased with the increase of pH in the low pH range，but it decreased with the increase of pH in high pH range． In addition，the oxidation rate of Cr( Ⅲ) decreased with the increase of concentration of Cr( Ⅲ) ，but it increased with the increase of birnessite loadings and AOS respectively．
Alkaline birnessite had been synthesized by an oxidation-reduction method，and its crystal structure，specific surface area and surface chemical property were characterized． The influencing factors of Cr ( Ⅲ) oxidation by alkaline birnessite was also studied． The results indicated with decrease of Mn7 + /Mn2 + in synthetic method，the AOS and specific surface area of synthetic birnessite decreased，but the PZC of synthetic birnessite increased． The effect of reaction conditions ( pH，concentration of Cr( Ⅲ) ，birnessite loadings and AOS) was studied． The oxidation rate of Cr( Ⅲ) increased with the increase of pH in the low pH range，but it decreased with the increase of pH in high pH range． In addition，the oxidation rate of Cr( Ⅲ) decreased with the increase of concentration of Cr( Ⅲ) ，but it increased with the increase of birnessite loadings and AOS respectively．
2015, 33(7): 41-45?.
Abstract:
Adopting the method of coprecipitation，magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite and EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite was compounded． The paper compared and analyzed EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite and magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite on the adsorption of Cd2 + and influence factors，obtained the best synthesis conditions of EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite and the best adsorption conditions． Results showed that the best synthesis conditions of EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite were: pH of 6，time of 1h， temperature of 50 ℃ and the best adsorption conditions were: Adsorbent additive amounts of 1. 0 g /L，time of 50 min， pH of 6，temperature of 50 ℃．
Adopting the method of coprecipitation，magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite and EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite was compounded． The paper compared and analyzed EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite and magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite on the adsorption of Cd2 + and influence factors，obtained the best synthesis conditions of EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite and the best adsorption conditions． Results showed that the best synthesis conditions of EDTA intercalated hydrotalcite were: pH of 6，time of 1h， temperature of 50 ℃ and the best adsorption conditions were: Adsorbent additive amounts of 1. 0 g /L，time of 50 min， pH of 6，temperature of 50 ℃．
2015, 33(7): 46-50?.
Abstract:
This paper took Jiangyin City Xinqiao Town sewage treatment plant as example to construct chemioal-ecological combined constructed wetlands system near natural river course to treat tail water from sewage treatment plant and investigated the removal efficiency of COD，ammonia，TN and TP in tail water． The research indicated that bio-ecological combined constructed wetlands system had good removal efficiency of pollutants in tail water． And the average removal rate of COD， ammonia，TN and TP were 29%，31%，18% and 8%，respectively; the average effluent concentrations of them were 35. 54， 0. 97，10. 77，0. 11 mg /L． The result exactly matched the first grade A standard of“Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard”( GB 18918—2002) ． The technology had great potential for tail water treatment and was suitable for rural regions． The research result provided both the data and theoretical basis for improvement of biological treatment technology for tail water from sewage treatment plant，and also directed theoretical basis and practical experience for promotion and research of wetlands ecosystem．
This paper took Jiangyin City Xinqiao Town sewage treatment plant as example to construct chemioal-ecological combined constructed wetlands system near natural river course to treat tail water from sewage treatment plant and investigated the removal efficiency of COD，ammonia，TN and TP in tail water． The research indicated that bio-ecological combined constructed wetlands system had good removal efficiency of pollutants in tail water． And the average removal rate of COD， ammonia，TN and TP were 29%，31%，18% and 8%，respectively; the average effluent concentrations of them were 35. 54， 0. 97，10. 77，0. 11 mg /L． The result exactly matched the first grade A standard of“Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard”( GB 18918—2002) ． The technology had great potential for tail water treatment and was suitable for rural regions． The research result provided both the data and theoretical basis for improvement of biological treatment technology for tail water from sewage treatment plant，and also directed theoretical basis and practical experience for promotion and research of wetlands ecosystem．
2015, 33(7): 51-55?.
Abstract:
The paper used IABF for advanced treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater，to optimize the suitable stuffing and study the water treatment technological process． The results demonstrated that activated carbon and volcano rock mixed stuffing played synergistic effect，providing a good carrier for building and loading with different efficient microbial flora． When the mixed stuffing's particles diameter was 3 ～ 5 mm，gas /water ratio was 4 ∶ 1，HRT was 10 h，operation cycle was 3 h，and aeration /interruption ratio of 3∶ 1，the average removal rates of COD，chromaticity color，NH3 －N，TN could reach 63. 2%、 70. 4%、86. 2%、55. 3%，respectively． By using mixed stuffing IABF，the COD，chromaticity color and TN removal rate could be improved 9. 8%、12. 8%、39. 9%，respectively，as compared with the conventional ceramic stuffing BAF． The study provided a new method for advanced treatment for printing and dyeing wastewater
The paper used IABF for advanced treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater，to optimize the suitable stuffing and study the water treatment technological process． The results demonstrated that activated carbon and volcano rock mixed stuffing played synergistic effect，providing a good carrier for building and loading with different efficient microbial flora． When the mixed stuffing's particles diameter was 3 ～ 5 mm，gas /water ratio was 4 ∶ 1，HRT was 10 h，operation cycle was 3 h，and aeration /interruption ratio of 3∶ 1，the average removal rates of COD，chromaticity color，NH3 －N，TN could reach 63. 2%、 70. 4%、86. 2%、55. 3%，respectively． By using mixed stuffing IABF，the COD，chromaticity color and TN removal rate could be improved 9. 8%、12. 8%、39. 9%，respectively，as compared with the conventional ceramic stuffing BAF． The study provided a new method for advanced treatment for printing and dyeing wastewater
2015, 33(7): 56-60.
Abstract:
Lanthanum-Magnesium-loaded activated alumina prepared through impregnation was used to remove fluoride from aqueous solution． By orthogonal experiment，the paper studied effect of absorbability with La3 + /Mg2 + molar ratio，calcination temperature and calcination time． The optimum conditions were as follows: The molar ratio of La3 + to Mg2 + was 1 ∶ 2，the calcination temperature was 300 ℃，the calcination time was 2. 0 h． The influence of contact time，absorbent dosage，pH， and coexisted negative ions on fluoride adsorption were performed． Results showed that the optimum effect was contact time of 3. 0 h，absorbent dosage of 3. 6 mg /L，pH of 6 ～ 9， and the removal rate was 94. 5%． The influence of different anions on the adsorption was: CO2 － 3 ＞ SO2 － 4 ＞ Cl － ＞ NO － 3 ． Kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model． The adsorption isotherm could be well fitted by the Langmuir equation． The max adsorption capacity was 7. 663 mg /g． The results demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic．
Lanthanum-Magnesium-loaded activated alumina prepared through impregnation was used to remove fluoride from aqueous solution． By orthogonal experiment，the paper studied effect of absorbability with La3 + /Mg2 + molar ratio，calcination temperature and calcination time． The optimum conditions were as follows: The molar ratio of La3 + to Mg2 + was 1 ∶ 2，the calcination temperature was 300 ℃，the calcination time was 2. 0 h． The influence of contact time，absorbent dosage，pH， and coexisted negative ions on fluoride adsorption were performed． Results showed that the optimum effect was contact time of 3. 0 h，absorbent dosage of 3. 6 mg /L，pH of 6 ～ 9， and the removal rate was 94. 5%． The influence of different anions on the adsorption was: CO2 － 3 ＞ SO2 － 4 ＞ Cl － ＞ NO － 3 ． Kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model． The adsorption isotherm could be well fitted by the Langmuir equation． The max adsorption capacity was 7. 663 mg /g． The results demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic．
2015, 33(7): 61-65?.
Abstract:
This article studied removal of color from reactive yellow X-R wastewater by magnesium hydroxide coagulation process，and discussed the influences of pH values，coagulant dosages and different mixing conditions on color removal efficiency． The floc formation of dye wastewater was monitored by the intelligent Particle Dispersion Analyzer ( iPDA) ，and further the effects of different stirring conditions on growth characteristics of floc and coagulation process were also discussed． The experiment results showed that the maximum removal of chrominance ratio appeared when pH of the solution was enhanced to 12. 0． The optimum magnesium ion dose was 216，144 mg /L for pH level reached to 11. 5 and 12. 0，respectively． The coagulation performance was better when rapid stirring speed at 200 r /min for 40 s，and low stirring speed at 40 r /min for 10 min． Stirring condition was essential for coagulation process． Increasing the stirring speed and time would have a negative impact on the floc formation and growth． Based on the changes of zeta potential，charge neutralization and adsorption were proposed to be the main coagulation mechanisms．
This article studied removal of color from reactive yellow X-R wastewater by magnesium hydroxide coagulation process，and discussed the influences of pH values，coagulant dosages and different mixing conditions on color removal efficiency． The floc formation of dye wastewater was monitored by the intelligent Particle Dispersion Analyzer ( iPDA) ，and further the effects of different stirring conditions on growth characteristics of floc and coagulation process were also discussed． The experiment results showed that the maximum removal of chrominance ratio appeared when pH of the solution was enhanced to 12. 0． The optimum magnesium ion dose was 216，144 mg /L for pH level reached to 11. 5 and 12. 0，respectively． The coagulation performance was better when rapid stirring speed at 200 r /min for 40 s，and low stirring speed at 40 r /min for 10 min． Stirring condition was essential for coagulation process． Increasing the stirring speed and time would have a negative impact on the floc formation and growth． Based on the changes of zeta potential，charge neutralization and adsorption were proposed to be the main coagulation mechanisms．
2015, 33(7): 66-71?.
Abstract:
Struvite precipitation was adopted to treat the chicken manure fermented liquid from a chicken farm in Beijing． Single factor experiments and response surface experiments were designed to obtain ammonia removal． Effect of pH，value of n ( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) ，reaction time and stirring speed on removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen were investigated． The single factor test results showed that when pH = 10. 0 ～ 10. 5，n( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) = 1. 3∶ 1. 1∶ 1，reaction time = 20 min and stirring speed = 300 r /min，the removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen reached 75. 79%． The response surface experiments results showed that when pH = 10. 57，n( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) = 1. 27 ∶ 1. 12 ∶ 1，the removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen was up to 75. 81%． The best response surface experiments refined and validated the reaction conditions． The struvite precipitate under optimal conditions were characterized with SEM and XRD，and it' s main composition is magnesium ammonium phosphate．
Struvite precipitation was adopted to treat the chicken manure fermented liquid from a chicken farm in Beijing． Single factor experiments and response surface experiments were designed to obtain ammonia removal． Effect of pH，value of n ( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) ，reaction time and stirring speed on removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen were investigated． The single factor test results showed that when pH = 10. 0 ～ 10. 5，n( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) = 1. 3∶ 1. 1∶ 1，reaction time = 20 min and stirring speed = 300 r /min，the removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen reached 75. 79%． The response surface experiments results showed that when pH = 10. 57，n( Mg2 + ) ∶ n( PO3 － 4 ) ∶ n( NH + 4 ) = 1. 27 ∶ 1. 12 ∶ 1，the removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen was up to 75. 81%． The best response surface experiments refined and validated the reaction conditions． The struvite precipitate under optimal conditions were characterized with SEM and XRD，and it' s main composition is magnesium ammonium phosphate．
2015, 33(7): 72-75?.
Abstract:
The process of ANAMMOX adopting nitrosification was studied at the normal temperature and the influence of a higher pH value on the nitrosification performance was investigated． The experiments used actual domestic wastewater and a stable operating SBR( sequencing batch reactor of activated sludge process) and controlled temperature，pH to investigate variation condition of NH+ 4 －N and NO － 2 －N． The nitrosification reaction was achieved successfully and accumulation rate of NO － 2 －N was 93. 45% when the temperature was at 28 ℃． The effluent NH + 4 －N/NO － 2 －N was at 1∶ 1. 3 when the temperature was around 26 ℃，which is suitable for providing stable conditions for anammox． The stable nitrosification can be realized at a higher pH by neutralizating H + and inhibiting NOB activity by FA and FNA．
The process of ANAMMOX adopting nitrosification was studied at the normal temperature and the influence of a higher pH value on the nitrosification performance was investigated． The experiments used actual domestic wastewater and a stable operating SBR( sequencing batch reactor of activated sludge process) and controlled temperature，pH to investigate variation condition of NH+ 4 －N and NO － 2 －N． The nitrosification reaction was achieved successfully and accumulation rate of NO － 2 －N was 93. 45% when the temperature was at 28 ℃． The effluent NH + 4 －N/NO － 2 －N was at 1∶ 1. 3 when the temperature was around 26 ℃，which is suitable for providing stable conditions for anammox． The stable nitrosification can be realized at a higher pH by neutralizating H + and inhibiting NOB activity by FA and FNA．
2015, 33(7): 76-80?.
Abstract:
Along with the increasing deterioration of the global environment and improvement of environmental protection consciousness，the ship diesel engine exhaust emission has aroused people's attention． Through the research on diesel engine combustion characteristics and EFI engine structure，the structure was optimized to achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction; optimization measures were took to study the influence of the intake on diesel engine combustion characteristics; the feasibility of diesel engine No-Nitrogen( O2 ＆CO2 ) combustion was discussed through experimental study; modern advanced combustion technology characteristic was studied and its application was prospect on Marine diesel engine; finally，the NOx processing technology after the diesel engine was stated． The integrate use of technologies before，inside or after diesel engine， would be the future research direction for energy conservation and emissions reduction．
Along with the increasing deterioration of the global environment and improvement of environmental protection consciousness，the ship diesel engine exhaust emission has aroused people's attention． Through the research on diesel engine combustion characteristics and EFI engine structure，the structure was optimized to achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction; optimization measures were took to study the influence of the intake on diesel engine combustion characteristics; the feasibility of diesel engine No-Nitrogen( O2 ＆CO2 ) combustion was discussed through experimental study; modern advanced combustion technology characteristic was studied and its application was prospect on Marine diesel engine; finally，the NOx processing technology after the diesel engine was stated． The integrate use of technologies before，inside or after diesel engine， would be the future research direction for energy conservation and emissions reduction．
2015, 33(7): 81-84?.
Abstract:
As the key equipment of dust emission control in coal fired power plant，the dust removal efficiency of precipitator had directly influence on the concentration of dust emission． This article elaborated the existing dust emmission technologies． Conmbined with these dust emmission technologies and the new dust emission standard，some advice for dust emission technology selection in coal fired power plant was provided．
As the key equipment of dust emission control in coal fired power plant，the dust removal efficiency of precipitator had directly influence on the concentration of dust emission． This article elaborated the existing dust emmission technologies． Conmbined with these dust emmission technologies and the new dust emission standard，some advice for dust emission technology selection in coal fired power plant was provided．
2015, 33(7): 85-89?.
Abstract:
This research studied the absorption process，using a common organic absorbent 0# diesel oil to treat toluene-loaded vent gas，in terms of absorption possibility and mass transfer． A detailed comparison and evaluation of static gas liquid equilibrium and dynamic absorption simulation was undertook． The results showed in certain concentration and temperature range，gas-liquid equilibrium of 0# diesel oil and toluene was accordance with Henry' s law． In the dynamic absorption simulation experiment， treatment rate and efficiency for the toluene rose with the increase of the concentration of toluene． Calculation showed that the uptake of toluene was far lower than the theory and the gap of them became narrow． In the process of absorption，small amounts of 0# diesel oil escaped，and caused the problem of secondary pollution． This problem could be eliminated by other process such as adsorption 0# diesel oil suited the requirements as an absorbent to treat industrial polluted air loaded with toluene．
This research studied the absorption process，using a common organic absorbent 0# diesel oil to treat toluene-loaded vent gas，in terms of absorption possibility and mass transfer． A detailed comparison and evaluation of static gas liquid equilibrium and dynamic absorption simulation was undertook． The results showed in certain concentration and temperature range，gas-liquid equilibrium of 0# diesel oil and toluene was accordance with Henry' s law． In the dynamic absorption simulation experiment， treatment rate and efficiency for the toluene rose with the increase of the concentration of toluene． Calculation showed that the uptake of toluene was far lower than the theory and the gap of them became narrow． In the process of absorption，small amounts of 0# diesel oil escaped，and caused the problem of secondary pollution． This problem could be eliminated by other process such as adsorption 0# diesel oil suited the requirements as an absorbent to treat industrial polluted air loaded with toluene．
2015, 33(7): 90-95?.
Abstract:
In the present work，the basic characteristics of zinc-bearing dust，including sintering，blast furnace and electric arc furnace dust，were investigated through the chemical analysis，laser particle size，X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectrum． Furthermore，the pelletizing experiment of mixed dust was carried out，and the optimal pelletizing parameters were investigated based on the balling dynamics and the green pellet strength． The results showed that the mass fraction of total Fe in three zinc-bearing dusts were all high with the different mineral forms． In addition，the mass fraction of C in the blast furnace dust was up to 21. 44%，and that of Zn in the electric furnace dust was up to 6. 63%． On the other hand，in order to improve the pellet yield and quality simultaneously，the optimal pelletizing parameters of mixed dust should be controlled as follows: Moisture content 11. 25% ～ 11. 75%，bentonite content 2%，pelletizing time 20 min，disk rotational speed 27 ～ 31 r /min，feeding amount 5 kg．
In the present work，the basic characteristics of zinc-bearing dust，including sintering，blast furnace and electric arc furnace dust，were investigated through the chemical analysis，laser particle size，X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectrum． Furthermore，the pelletizing experiment of mixed dust was carried out，and the optimal pelletizing parameters were investigated based on the balling dynamics and the green pellet strength． The results showed that the mass fraction of total Fe in three zinc-bearing dusts were all high with the different mineral forms． In addition，the mass fraction of C in the blast furnace dust was up to 21. 44%，and that of Zn in the electric furnace dust was up to 6. 63%． On the other hand，in order to improve the pellet yield and quality simultaneously，the optimal pelletizing parameters of mixed dust should be controlled as follows: Moisture content 11. 25% ～ 11. 75%，bentonite content 2%，pelletizing time 20 min，disk rotational speed 27 ～ 31 r /min，feeding amount 5 kg．
2015, 33(7): 96-100?.
Abstract:
Experimental researches of enhancing ammonia-based sintering flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were performed in bubbling reactor． Effects of molar ratio of additive to NO，NH3 － NH + 4 concentration in absorbing liquid and properties of flue gas on sintering flue gas desulfurization and denitrification were studied． According to the research results，with increasing molar ratio of additive to NO，flue gas temperature and NO concentration，NOx removal efficiency increased at first，but then decreased with further increase of molar ratio of additive to NO，flue gas temperature and NO concentration． NOx removal efficiency increased with increasing NH3 －NH + 4 concentration in absorbing liquid． Increasing SO2 concentration decreased NOx removal efficiency． Under all experimental conditions，SO2 removal efficiency approached or reached 100%． And under optimal conditions，NOx removal efficiency could reach 61. 49%． NOx removal efficiency of ammonia-based sintering flue gas desulfurization process raised 20% ～ 30% by adding additive to partially oxidize sintering flue gas．
Experimental researches of enhancing ammonia-based sintering flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were performed in bubbling reactor． Effects of molar ratio of additive to NO，NH3 － NH + 4 concentration in absorbing liquid and properties of flue gas on sintering flue gas desulfurization and denitrification were studied． According to the research results，with increasing molar ratio of additive to NO，flue gas temperature and NO concentration，NOx removal efficiency increased at first，but then decreased with further increase of molar ratio of additive to NO，flue gas temperature and NO concentration． NOx removal efficiency increased with increasing NH3 －NH + 4 concentration in absorbing liquid． Increasing SO2 concentration decreased NOx removal efficiency． Under all experimental conditions，SO2 removal efficiency approached or reached 100%． And under optimal conditions，NOx removal efficiency could reach 61. 49%． NOx removal efficiency of ammonia-based sintering flue gas desulfurization process raised 20% ～ 30% by adding additive to partially oxidize sintering flue gas．
2015, 33(7): 101-104?.
Abstract:
Cement industry is not only the emission source of normal pollutants including PM，NOx ，SO2 ，but also the nonconventional pollutants，like heavy metals，PCB，amd dioxin． The emission of the nonconventional pollutants is being extensively concerned when the fuel used in a cement kiln was partially replaced by dangerous wastes． Researches on sources and harm of nonconventional pollutants in cement industry are reviewed． The national standards，the emission status and controlling technologies in China and abroad are investigated． In addition，the future research directions are proposed．
Cement industry is not only the emission source of normal pollutants including PM，NOx ，SO2 ，but also the nonconventional pollutants，like heavy metals，PCB，amd dioxin． The emission of the nonconventional pollutants is being extensively concerned when the fuel used in a cement kiln was partially replaced by dangerous wastes． Researches on sources and harm of nonconventional pollutants in cement industry are reviewed． The national standards，the emission status and controlling technologies in China and abroad are investigated． In addition，the future research directions are proposed．
2015, 33(7): 105-108?.
Abstract:
The emission characteristics of VOCs in Xiamen were studied by the analysis of measured concentrations and the emission factors． The percentages of VOCs emissions of moving sources，plant source and industrial source were 47. 0，33. 9， 19. 1 respectively， and olefins emissions from plant are one time more than vehiche． The characteristics of PAN was analyzed to study the photochemistry pollution process． The results suggested that VOCs emitted by plant source was more easily to induced photochemical pollution and characteristics of regional transmission of O3 were also revealed，the photochemistry pollution can reduce by the optimized tree species．
The emission characteristics of VOCs in Xiamen were studied by the analysis of measured concentrations and the emission factors． The percentages of VOCs emissions of moving sources，plant source and industrial source were 47. 0，33. 9， 19. 1 respectively， and olefins emissions from plant are one time more than vehiche． The characteristics of PAN was analyzed to study the photochemistry pollution process． The results suggested that VOCs emitted by plant source was more easily to induced photochemical pollution and characteristics of regional transmission of O3 were also revealed，the photochemistry pollution can reduce by the optimized tree species．
2015, 33(7): 109-112?.
Abstract:
Combining with the characteristics of sludge and the advantages of superheated steam drying used in high humidity or thermal insensitive material，a superheated steam drying experimental device was designed and fabricated． Main components and working principles of the experimental device were described in this paper． In order to study the drying characteristic of sludge in superheated steam drying，drying experiments were carried out at different superheated steam temperature of 160 ℃， 220 ℃ and 280 ℃，and different sludge sample thickness of 4，6 and 10 mm，respectively． The results showed that the increasing of sludge moisture content in the beginning of the drying process caused a longer drying time． When the superheated steam temperature was higher and the thickness of sludge was thinner，the sludge drying rate was faster and shorter time was needed to dry the sludge to the equivalent moisture．
Combining with the characteristics of sludge and the advantages of superheated steam drying used in high humidity or thermal insensitive material，a superheated steam drying experimental device was designed and fabricated． Main components and working principles of the experimental device were described in this paper． In order to study the drying characteristic of sludge in superheated steam drying，drying experiments were carried out at different superheated steam temperature of 160 ℃， 220 ℃ and 280 ℃，and different sludge sample thickness of 4，6 and 10 mm，respectively． The results showed that the increasing of sludge moisture content in the beginning of the drying process caused a longer drying time． When the superheated steam temperature was higher and the thickness of sludge was thinner，the sludge drying rate was faster and shorter time was needed to dry the sludge to the equivalent moisture．
2015, 33(7): 113-117?.
Abstract:
With the wide use of printers and other office equipments，the generation of waste toner and ink cartridges is increasing，and how to deal with them effectively has become the key point to recycle the waste printers． In this study，the collection and treatment status，the recycling technologies，and the extented producer responsibility ( EPR) system were presented． The results showed that the management of waste toner and ink cartridges was chaotic，and most waste toner and ink cartridges flowed into the informal recycling channels． In China，some enterprises and research institutes has developed effective recycling technologies for waste toner and ink cartridges． In addition，some companies has done some efforts to recycle the waste toner and ink cartridges，but there was no obvious effect． The EPR system is the deemed way for waste toner and ink cartridge management． In future，China will still face with the great challenge for recycling waste toner and ink cartridges．
With the wide use of printers and other office equipments，the generation of waste toner and ink cartridges is increasing，and how to deal with them effectively has become the key point to recycle the waste printers． In this study，the collection and treatment status，the recycling technologies，and the extented producer responsibility ( EPR) system were presented． The results showed that the management of waste toner and ink cartridges was chaotic，and most waste toner and ink cartridges flowed into the informal recycling channels． In China，some enterprises and research institutes has developed effective recycling technologies for waste toner and ink cartridges． In addition，some companies has done some efforts to recycle the waste toner and ink cartridges，but there was no obvious effect． The EPR system is the deemed way for waste toner and ink cartridge management． In future，China will still face with the great challenge for recycling waste toner and ink cartridges．
2015, 33(7): 118-121?.
Abstract:
Coking project process is complex，and the environmental risk of the production process of coking is bigger． The present situation of the coking process environmental risk assessment exists some insufficient， such as standard selection and model selection， etc． The paper taking a 2. 4 million tons /year northwest coking project as an example， through the risk source analysis， the pollution meteorological conditions assumed and prediction model selection，analyzed and discussed the focus and technical key points of environmental risk assessment． The project determined the maximum credible accident for coarse benzene leakage diffusion and adopt AEGLs as risk standard and LC50 for comparison． Through the heavy gas model to predict， the results showed that the standard of LC50 calculation was significantly small and limited． According to the prediction，this project need risk prevention within the scope of project boundaries from 900 m to 1 990 m．
Coking project process is complex，and the environmental risk of the production process of coking is bigger． The present situation of the coking process environmental risk assessment exists some insufficient， such as standard selection and model selection， etc． The paper taking a 2. 4 million tons /year northwest coking project as an example， through the risk source analysis， the pollution meteorological conditions assumed and prediction model selection，analyzed and discussed the focus and technical key points of environmental risk assessment． The project determined the maximum credible accident for coarse benzene leakage diffusion and adopt AEGLs as risk standard and LC50 for comparison． Through the heavy gas model to predict， the results showed that the standard of LC50 calculation was significantly small and limited． According to the prediction，this project need risk prevention within the scope of project boundaries from 900 m to 1 990 m．
2015, 33(7): 122-126?.
Abstract:
A novel integrated condensation and adsorption system for VOCs recovery was developed，based on DC power supply of both photovoltaic generation and battery，and the economic benefit of the system was analyzed． The recovery system could save 2. 307 × 105 yuan in electric charge in the service life，compared with the conventional system driven by AC electricity． But the static payback period was 6. 1 years，which was longer than the conventional system，owing to the higher investment cost of the photovoltaic power generation system． If the novel system was put into mass production，the payback period could be reduced to 3. 01 years，which was shorter than the conventional system．
A novel integrated condensation and adsorption system for VOCs recovery was developed，based on DC power supply of both photovoltaic generation and battery，and the economic benefit of the system was analyzed． The recovery system could save 2. 307 × 105 yuan in electric charge in the service life，compared with the conventional system driven by AC electricity． But the static payback period was 6. 1 years，which was longer than the conventional system，owing to the higher investment cost of the photovoltaic power generation system． If the novel system was put into mass production，the payback period could be reduced to 3. 01 years，which was shorter than the conventional system．
2015, 33(7): 127-130?.
Abstract:
The leaky organic pollutants from underground storage tank in social gas station in Chengdu Plain were screened by stratified filter method． Based on the characteristic of Chengdu Plain and earlier research status，TPH，PAHs，BETX，MTBE， 1，2 -DCA and EDB were preliminarily selected as the characteristic pollutants． Based on the detection rate and content of each pollutant firstly，and the features of each pollutant secondly，TPH、PAHs and BETX were chosen as the compulsory indictors in monitoring，and suggested to be focused on periodically when monitoring underground storage tank leakage; MTBE could be taken as the optional indicator; 1，2 -DCA and EDB as compulsory indictors in monitoring social gas station built more than 20 years in Chengdu Plain．
The leaky organic pollutants from underground storage tank in social gas station in Chengdu Plain were screened by stratified filter method． Based on the characteristic of Chengdu Plain and earlier research status，TPH，PAHs，BETX，MTBE， 1，2 -DCA and EDB were preliminarily selected as the characteristic pollutants． Based on the detection rate and content of each pollutant firstly，and the features of each pollutant secondly，TPH、PAHs and BETX were chosen as the compulsory indictors in monitoring，and suggested to be focused on periodically when monitoring underground storage tank leakage; MTBE could be taken as the optional indicator; 1，2 -DCA and EDB as compulsory indictors in monitoring social gas station built more than 20 years in Chengdu Plain．
2015, 33(7): 131-134.
Abstract:
With the continuous advancement of environmental protection information and the constantly development of water environmental quality model，the demand to integrate water environmental quality model in water-environment management information system is becoming more and more urgent． This paper introduces the development history of EFDC model and its domestic application status，and presents the data structures of its multiple input documents． More importantly，with resort to EFDC-ML，a kind of makeup language on the basis of XML，this paper proposes a novel optimization method to reconstruct the various input documents of EFDC and optimize their original data structures，with the purpose of being adapted to the integration development of water-environment management information system．
With the continuous advancement of environmental protection information and the constantly development of water environmental quality model，the demand to integrate water environmental quality model in water-environment management information system is becoming more and more urgent． This paper introduces the development history of EFDC model and its domestic application status，and presents the data structures of its multiple input documents． More importantly，with resort to EFDC-ML，a kind of makeup language on the basis of XML，this paper proposes a novel optimization method to reconstruct the various input documents of EFDC and optimize their original data structures，with the purpose of being adapted to the integration development of water-environment management information system．
2015, 33(7): 135-138?.
Abstract:
The printed circuit boards ( PCB) manufacturing is a high energy consumption and high pollution industry． Therefore，the cleaner production ( CP) application has been widely applied for pollution control in China． Based on the analysis of the cleaner production pollution prevention technology of PCB industry，the best available technology ( BAT) framework of cleaner production pollution prevention had been built． The paper presented the survey of 38 PCB manufactories which completed the cleaner production technology，in order to determine the alternative technology for cleaner production pollution control on PCB industry． The weight of each evaluation index was determined by analytic hierarchy process ( AHP) ， and the technology of cleaner production pollution prevention was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation． Based on the evaluation，the suggestion of pollution abatement in PCB industry was put forward．
The printed circuit boards ( PCB) manufacturing is a high energy consumption and high pollution industry． Therefore，the cleaner production ( CP) application has been widely applied for pollution control in China． Based on the analysis of the cleaner production pollution prevention technology of PCB industry，the best available technology ( BAT) framework of cleaner production pollution prevention had been built． The paper presented the survey of 38 PCB manufactories which completed the cleaner production technology，in order to determine the alternative technology for cleaner production pollution control on PCB industry． The weight of each evaluation index was determined by analytic hierarchy process ( AHP) ， and the technology of cleaner production pollution prevention was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation． Based on the evaluation，the suggestion of pollution abatement in PCB industry was put forward．
2015, 33(7): 139-143?.
Abstract:
Promoting and applying the advanced control technology was the important aspect of environment protect to control air pollution，realize multi-pollutant net-emission． The paper analysed external pollutant emission limits，present situation， domestic mainstream technology and existing problem，proposed the technology of integration，collaborative optimization control to realize net-emission and provided a new way for the treatment of coal-fired power plant flue gas．
Promoting and applying the advanced control technology was the important aspect of environment protect to control air pollution，realize multi-pollutant net-emission． The paper analysed external pollutant emission limits，present situation， domestic mainstream technology and existing problem，proposed the technology of integration，collaborative optimization control to realize net-emission and provided a new way for the treatment of coal-fired power plant flue gas．
2015, 33(7): 144-147?.
Abstract:
Asbestos tailing residue is a kind of absorption material with excellent pore structure，high pore volume and large specific surface area，which shows great potential in heavy metal and organic pollution governance． This paper，based on analysis of the composition，the mineral crystal structure，chemical groups and physic-chemical properties，summarized and analyzed the application of which on the governance of heavy metal pollution，pesticide pollution，pesticide release additives and so on，and discussed the practical problems in application． It is pointed out that the specific surface area and pore diameter of natural asbestos tail slag is relevantly small，and the structure of which is complex，the adsorption capacity is weaker，the function is not universal，emphasis should be put on acid /alkaline /intercalation modification on the natural asbestos tail residue in order to produce residue with higher performance; Suggestions were also given to further research on application of asbstos tailing residue on soil remediation
Asbestos tailing residue is a kind of absorption material with excellent pore structure，high pore volume and large specific surface area，which shows great potential in heavy metal and organic pollution governance． This paper，based on analysis of the composition，the mineral crystal structure，chemical groups and physic-chemical properties，summarized and analyzed the application of which on the governance of heavy metal pollution，pesticide pollution，pesticide release additives and so on，and discussed the practical problems in application． It is pointed out that the specific surface area and pore diameter of natural asbestos tail slag is relevantly small，and the structure of which is complex，the adsorption capacity is weaker，the function is not universal，emphasis should be put on acid /alkaline /intercalation modification on the natural asbestos tail residue in order to produce residue with higher performance; Suggestions were also given to further research on application of asbstos tailing residue on soil remediation
2015, 33(7): 148-151?.
Abstract:
A pot experiment was conducted to study the accumulation and remediation efficiency of four different pasture grass ( Lolium perenne，Medicago sativa，Festuca arundinacea，Cichorium intybus) to heavy metals ( Zn，Cu，Pb，Cd) in the sediments of Hongfeng Lake． The results revealed that the heavy metals concentration decreased after planting the different pasture grass． The accumulation ability of Festuca arundinacea to Zn was relatively higher than the others，and Zn mainly accumulates within its shoots． For Cu and Pb，the accumulation abilities of Lolium perenne were relatively higher and mainly accumulate them within its roots． The differences in accumulation abilities of four plants to Cd were certainly small，and Cd mainly accumulate within the roots except Cichorium intybus ( within its shoots) ． Phytoremediation efficiencies of Lolium perenne on Cu、Pb and Cd were 38. 69%，17. 12%，31. 68%，respectively and higher than the others． Festuca arundinacea has higher remediation efficiency on Zn ( as high as 55. 03%) ． Furthermore，the translocation factor of Festuca arundinacea exceeded 1. 0，which suggested phytoextraction potentiality of Zn from the sediments．
A pot experiment was conducted to study the accumulation and remediation efficiency of four different pasture grass ( Lolium perenne，Medicago sativa，Festuca arundinacea，Cichorium intybus) to heavy metals ( Zn，Cu，Pb，Cd) in the sediments of Hongfeng Lake． The results revealed that the heavy metals concentration decreased after planting the different pasture grass． The accumulation ability of Festuca arundinacea to Zn was relatively higher than the others，and Zn mainly accumulates within its shoots． For Cu and Pb，the accumulation abilities of Lolium perenne were relatively higher and mainly accumulate them within its roots． The differences in accumulation abilities of four plants to Cd were certainly small，and Cd mainly accumulate within the roots except Cichorium intybus ( within its shoots) ． Phytoremediation efficiencies of Lolium perenne on Cu、Pb and Cd were 38. 69%，17. 12%，31. 68%，respectively and higher than the others． Festuca arundinacea has higher remediation efficiency on Zn ( as high as 55. 03%) ． Furthermore，the translocation factor of Festuca arundinacea exceeded 1. 0，which suggested phytoextraction potentiality of Zn from the sediments．
2015, 33(7): 152-155?.
Abstract:
Stabilization technology has been used commonly in remediating lead contaminated site，as its low cost，excellent efficiency and low secondary pollution risk． In this study，three remediation reagents for lead stabilization，reagent A to form phosphate precipitation，reagent B to form sulfide precipitation，and reagent C to form stable chelate complex with lead ion， have been compared and studied，respectively． According to the results，reagent A has better effect for Pb stabilization． For treating lead contaminated soil with leaching concentration within 20 mg /L and around 90 mg /L，suggested addition ratio could be 8% and 13%，respectively． Based on the project experiences from BCEG Environmental Remediation Co． ，Ltd，the recommended addition ratios were 10% and 15% respectively for guaranteeing engineering quality． The results could provide references for the later application of stabilization technology for lead contaminated soil．
Stabilization technology has been used commonly in remediating lead contaminated site，as its low cost，excellent efficiency and low secondary pollution risk． In this study，three remediation reagents for lead stabilization，reagent A to form phosphate precipitation，reagent B to form sulfide precipitation，and reagent C to form stable chelate complex with lead ion， have been compared and studied，respectively． According to the results，reagent A has better effect for Pb stabilization． For treating lead contaminated soil with leaching concentration within 20 mg /L and around 90 mg /L，suggested addition ratio could be 8% and 13%，respectively． Based on the project experiences from BCEG Environmental Remediation Co． ，Ltd，the recommended addition ratios were 10% and 15% respectively for guaranteeing engineering quality． The results could provide references for the later application of stabilization technology for lead contaminated soil．
