Login
Register
E-alert
Current Articles
2025, Volume 43, Issue 10
Display Method:
2025,
43(10):
1-13.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510001
Abstract:
Beyond disposal， the dual goals of efficient volume reduction and high-value resource recovery have emerged as central priorities in FW treatment. Conventional approaches， e.g.， incineration， composting， have partially addressed the problem but often failed to achieve an optimal balance among treatment efficiency， operational cost， and environmental sustainability， indicating the urgent need for innovative， low-cost， and environmentally friendly resource recovery technologies. Within this context， hydrolysis has been recognized as a critical step for enhancing the conversion efficiency of organic matter and unlocking the resource potential of FW. However， traditional physical and chemical hydrolysis methods are energy-intensive and prone to secondary pollution. In contrast， enzymatic hydrolysis has attracted increasing attention for its high conversion efficiency， mild reaction conditions， and smaller environmental footprint. Given the compositional complexity of FW， efficient and targeted hydrolysis of FW requires the synergistic action of multiple enzymes （e.g.， amylases， proteases， lipases）. Yet， the high cost of commercial enzyme preparations remains a key barrier to large-scale adoption. To address this challenge， in situ production of compound enzymes using FW itself as a substrate has emerged as a promising approach， which not only reduces enzyme costs but also improves overall resource recovery efficiency. This review synthesizes recent advances in enzymatic technologies for FW treatment， with a particular focus on strategies for production and composition optimization of compound enzymes. It also examines the engineering feasibility of co-treatment of FW with excess sludge， organic fertilizer production， and bio-fermentation， alongside evaluation of techno-economic performance. In addition， the potential for retrofitting existing FW treatment facilities to incorporate enzymatic hydrolysis， and the prospects for synergistic treatment with excess sludge， are critically assessed. Finally， future research directions are highlighted， including enzyme performance enhancement， development of next-generation bioreactors， integration of artificial intelligence for process optimization and control. These together will accelerate the scale-up and systematic deployment of enzyme-based FW valorization technologies， contributing to a low-carbon， cost-effective， and circular paradigm for urban waste management.
Beyond disposal， the dual goals of efficient volume reduction and high-value resource recovery have emerged as central priorities in FW treatment. Conventional approaches， e.g.， incineration， composting， have partially addressed the problem but often failed to achieve an optimal balance among treatment efficiency， operational cost， and environmental sustainability， indicating the urgent need for innovative， low-cost， and environmentally friendly resource recovery technologies. Within this context， hydrolysis has been recognized as a critical step for enhancing the conversion efficiency of organic matter and unlocking the resource potential of FW. However， traditional physical and chemical hydrolysis methods are energy-intensive and prone to secondary pollution. In contrast， enzymatic hydrolysis has attracted increasing attention for its high conversion efficiency， mild reaction conditions， and smaller environmental footprint. Given the compositional complexity of FW， efficient and targeted hydrolysis of FW requires the synergistic action of multiple enzymes （e.g.， amylases， proteases， lipases）. Yet， the high cost of commercial enzyme preparations remains a key barrier to large-scale adoption. To address this challenge， in situ production of compound enzymes using FW itself as a substrate has emerged as a promising approach， which not only reduces enzyme costs but also improves overall resource recovery efficiency. This review synthesizes recent advances in enzymatic technologies for FW treatment， with a particular focus on strategies for production and composition optimization of compound enzymes. It also examines the engineering feasibility of co-treatment of FW with excess sludge， organic fertilizer production， and bio-fermentation， alongside evaluation of techno-economic performance. In addition， the potential for retrofitting existing FW treatment facilities to incorporate enzymatic hydrolysis， and the prospects for synergistic treatment with excess sludge， are critically assessed. Finally， future research directions are highlighted， including enzyme performance enhancement， development of next-generation bioreactors， integration of artificial intelligence for process optimization and control. These together will accelerate the scale-up and systematic deployment of enzyme-based FW valorization technologies， contributing to a low-carbon， cost-effective， and circular paradigm for urban waste management.
2025,
43(10):
14-21.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510002
Abstract:
With rapid urbanization， the generation of food waste has increased significantly， and its high-lipid fraction presents both high methane potential and challenges to anaerobic digestion （AD） stability. This study systematically evaluated the anaerobic valorization performance of high-lipid food waste under different temperatures and process configurations， using mesophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （MAD）， thermophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （TAD）， and mesophilic anaerobic digestion coupled with a membrane system （AnMBR） as case studies. Results showed that in the MAD system， at TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50%， methane yield and biogas production reached 587 mL/g VS and 3.55 L/（L·d）， respectively， with a methane fraction of 66.96% and lipid degradation efficiency exceeding 90%， achieving the highest energy return ratio. The TAD system further increased treatment capacity up to TS-lipid/TS-substrate = 70%， with methane yield reaching 638 mL/g VS， indicating that high temperatures enhance hydrolysis and methanation. The AnMBR system operated stably at 36% lipid content， with slow membrane fouling， effluent COD of 2%， and coordinated microbial growth and sludge accumulation. Comparative analysis suggests that MAD is suitable for scenarios with TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50% where economic efficiency is prioritized， TAD is preferable for rapid biogas production or higher lipid loads， and AnMBR allows further load increase while maintaining high effluent quality and system stability. These findings provide theoretical insights and engineering guidance for process optimization， system selection， and energy recovery from high-lipid food waste.
With rapid urbanization， the generation of food waste has increased significantly， and its high-lipid fraction presents both high methane potential and challenges to anaerobic digestion （AD） stability. This study systematically evaluated the anaerobic valorization performance of high-lipid food waste under different temperatures and process configurations， using mesophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （MAD）， thermophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （TAD）， and mesophilic anaerobic digestion coupled with a membrane system （AnMBR） as case studies. Results showed that in the MAD system， at TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50%， methane yield and biogas production reached 587 mL/g VS and 3.55 L/（L·d）， respectively， with a methane fraction of 66.96% and lipid degradation efficiency exceeding 90%， achieving the highest energy return ratio. The TAD system further increased treatment capacity up to TS-lipid/TS-substrate = 70%， with methane yield reaching 638 mL/g VS， indicating that high temperatures enhance hydrolysis and methanation. The AnMBR system operated stably at 36% lipid content， with slow membrane fouling， effluent COD of 2%， and coordinated microbial growth and sludge accumulation. Comparative analysis suggests that MAD is suitable for scenarios with TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50% where economic efficiency is prioritized， TAD is preferable for rapid biogas production or higher lipid loads， and AnMBR allows further load increase while maintaining high effluent quality and system stability. These findings provide theoretical insights and engineering guidance for process optimization， system selection， and energy recovery from high-lipid food waste.
2025,
43(10):
22-29.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510003
Abstract:
Electrochemical anaerobic digestion systems can facilitate the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste， but the effect of different methods of applying electricity on anaerobic digestion is still not clear. The effects of different methods of applying electricity （constant voltage， constant current） on anaerobic digestion of food waste in an electrochemical anaerobic digestion system were investigated. The results showed that the cumulative methane production under constant voltage conditions increased by 21.43% compared with the control group. According to the results of electrochemical curves and conductive bacterial hair synthesis gene analysis， it was due to the lower internal resistance and higher charge transfer in the constant voltage group， which had a higher electron transfer efficiency， thus promoted methane production. The constant current condition inhibited the electrochemical anaerobic digestion of food waste， which was attributed to the high voltage due to continuous application of current， which adversely affected microbial growth and metabolism， leading to lower hydrolysis rates as well as electron transfer rates. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the total relative abundance of Clostridia and Bacteroidia （hydrolyzing and acid-producing bacteria） in the constant voltage group increased by 8.55% compared to the control group， and the relative abundance of Methanomicrobia （containing numerous hydrogenotrophic methanogens） increased by 24.58%， which promoted the hydrolysis， acid production and methanogenesis reactions， and facilitated the methanogenic process of reducing CO2 with H2 as an electron donor. The research can provide a new reference for promoting the development of electrochemical anaerobic digestion technology and the resource utilization of food waste.
Electrochemical anaerobic digestion systems can facilitate the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste， but the effect of different methods of applying electricity on anaerobic digestion is still not clear. The effects of different methods of applying electricity （constant voltage， constant current） on anaerobic digestion of food waste in an electrochemical anaerobic digestion system were investigated. The results showed that the cumulative methane production under constant voltage conditions increased by 21.43% compared with the control group. According to the results of electrochemical curves and conductive bacterial hair synthesis gene analysis， it was due to the lower internal resistance and higher charge transfer in the constant voltage group， which had a higher electron transfer efficiency， thus promoted methane production. The constant current condition inhibited the electrochemical anaerobic digestion of food waste， which was attributed to the high voltage due to continuous application of current， which adversely affected microbial growth and metabolism， leading to lower hydrolysis rates as well as electron transfer rates. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the total relative abundance of Clostridia and Bacteroidia （hydrolyzing and acid-producing bacteria） in the constant voltage group increased by 8.55% compared to the control group， and the relative abundance of Methanomicrobia （containing numerous hydrogenotrophic methanogens） increased by 24.58%， which promoted the hydrolysis， acid production and methanogenesis reactions， and facilitated the methanogenic process of reducing CO2 with H2 as an electron donor. The research can provide a new reference for promoting the development of electrochemical anaerobic digestion technology and the resource utilization of food waste.
2025,
43(10):
30-35.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510004
Abstract:
To enhance worker safety management in waste incineration facilities， we examined indoor positioning methods to track worker locations. We focused on fingerprint （FP） using Wi-Fi， which allows us to utilize existing access points and thus reduce infrastructure deployment costs. We developed a system to track worker positions in an operational waste incineration facility. For system construction， we employed a high-speed fingerprint collection method developed by us to create a data map of the facility. By using a machine learning model， we built a positioning model with an average error of 2.78 meters. Applying the constructed positioning model to an actual waste incineration facility for real-time location display verification， we confirmed that it could provide position displays with an average error of approximately 4 meters at a frequency of once every 30 seconds. This achieved real-time location display of workers with a practical level of accuracy.
To enhance worker safety management in waste incineration facilities， we examined indoor positioning methods to track worker locations. We focused on fingerprint （FP） using Wi-Fi， which allows us to utilize existing access points and thus reduce infrastructure deployment costs. We developed a system to track worker positions in an operational waste incineration facility. For system construction， we employed a high-speed fingerprint collection method developed by us to create a data map of the facility. By using a machine learning model， we built a positioning model with an average error of 2.78 meters. Applying the constructed positioning model to an actual waste incineration facility for real-time location display verification， we confirmed that it could provide position displays with an average error of approximately 4 meters at a frequency of once every 30 seconds. This achieved real-time location display of workers with a practical level of accuracy.
2025,
43(10):
36-45.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510005
Abstract:
Landfill is an important source of bioaerosol pollution. Pathogenic microorganisms released from landfills can enter the human body through the respiratory system， causing allergic pneumonia， respiratory tract infection， and other health problems， and may even lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore， it is urgent to systematically assess its pollution and dispersion characteristics and potential health risks. Based on the bibliometric analysis of bioaerosols from landfills， the results show that increasing attention has been paid to environmental sanitation and occupational health caused by landfill bioaerosols worldwide， and the interaction of environment-microorganism-health is the core scientific problem in the field of bioaerosols from landfills. Based on the literature review， the pollution characteristics of bioaerosols in landfills are summarized from the aspects of concentration， community composition， and particle size distribution characteristics. Combined with the diffusion model and influencing factors analysis （such as mechanical disturbance mode， pollution source nature， meteorological conditions， and physicochemical properties of particulate matter）， the emission characteristics and key driving factors of landfill bioaerosol are summarized. Combined with pathogens and virulence occurrence characteristics， coupled with the non-carcinogenic risk quotient method and quantitative microbial risk assessment model， the potential health risks of landfill bioaerosols are summarized. This study can provide a theoretical basis for pollution control and health risk assessment of landfill bioaerosols.
Landfill is an important source of bioaerosol pollution. Pathogenic microorganisms released from landfills can enter the human body through the respiratory system， causing allergic pneumonia， respiratory tract infection， and other health problems， and may even lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore， it is urgent to systematically assess its pollution and dispersion characteristics and potential health risks. Based on the bibliometric analysis of bioaerosols from landfills， the results show that increasing attention has been paid to environmental sanitation and occupational health caused by landfill bioaerosols worldwide， and the interaction of environment-microorganism-health is the core scientific problem in the field of bioaerosols from landfills. Based on the literature review， the pollution characteristics of bioaerosols in landfills are summarized from the aspects of concentration， community composition， and particle size distribution characteristics. Combined with the diffusion model and influencing factors analysis （such as mechanical disturbance mode， pollution source nature， meteorological conditions， and physicochemical properties of particulate matter）， the emission characteristics and key driving factors of landfill bioaerosol are summarized. Combined with pathogens and virulence occurrence characteristics， coupled with the non-carcinogenic risk quotient method and quantitative microbial risk assessment model， the potential health risks of landfill bioaerosols are summarized. This study can provide a theoretical basis for pollution control and health risk assessment of landfill bioaerosols.
2025,
43(10):
46-53.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510006
Abstract:
Anaerobic digestion （AD）， with the advantages of being able to utilize complex substrates and the target products can be easily separated， is one of the mainstream technologies for the resource utilization of food waste （FW）. AD is of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction and achieving the Dual Carbon Goals. However， the growth of pathogenic bacteria and the generation of odors during the transportation of FW may threaten public health security and affect the efficiency of AD. Based on the fact that lactic acid produced during anaerobic preservation of FW has antibacterial and deodorizing effects， this study first explored the upper limit of the allowable concentration of lactic acid in the AD process of FW through simulation experiments， and then the methane fermentation and carbon reduction potential of FW after anaerobic preservation or natural preservation as a substrate under different inoculum-to-substrate ratio （RI/S=0.5∶1 and RI/S=1∶1） were studied. The results showed that when the lactic acid concentration produced during the anaerobic preservation of FW did not exceed 15 g/L， it did not inhibit methane fermentation； instead， it had a promoting effect. Under the same preservation method， the gas production efficiency at RI/S of 0.5∶1 was significantly lower than that at RI/S of 1∶1. However， at the two inoculation ratios， the anaerobic preservation groups all exhibited higher gas production efficiency compared to the natural preservation groups. The results of the stability analysis showed that when RI/S was 1∶1， the system had a higher alkalinity and pH， which was less prone to acidification， and had good stability. The results of carbon accounting analysis showed that AD of FW after anaerobic preservation can effectively promote the carbon neutrality process. This study provides valuable practical guidance for the engineering application of food waste anaerobic digestion.
Anaerobic digestion （AD）， with the advantages of being able to utilize complex substrates and the target products can be easily separated， is one of the mainstream technologies for the resource utilization of food waste （FW）. AD is of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction and achieving the Dual Carbon Goals. However， the growth of pathogenic bacteria and the generation of odors during the transportation of FW may threaten public health security and affect the efficiency of AD. Based on the fact that lactic acid produced during anaerobic preservation of FW has antibacterial and deodorizing effects， this study first explored the upper limit of the allowable concentration of lactic acid in the AD process of FW through simulation experiments， and then the methane fermentation and carbon reduction potential of FW after anaerobic preservation or natural preservation as a substrate under different inoculum-to-substrate ratio （RI/S=0.5∶1 and RI/S=1∶1） were studied. The results showed that when the lactic acid concentration produced during the anaerobic preservation of FW did not exceed 15 g/L， it did not inhibit methane fermentation； instead， it had a promoting effect. Under the same preservation method， the gas production efficiency at RI/S of 0.5∶1 was significantly lower than that at RI/S of 1∶1. However， at the two inoculation ratios， the anaerobic preservation groups all exhibited higher gas production efficiency compared to the natural preservation groups. The results of the stability analysis showed that when RI/S was 1∶1， the system had a higher alkalinity and pH， which was less prone to acidification， and had good stability. The results of carbon accounting analysis showed that AD of FW after anaerobic preservation can effectively promote the carbon neutrality process. This study provides valuable practical guidance for the engineering application of food waste anaerobic digestion.
2025,
43(10):
54-64.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510007
Abstract:
The resource utilization of recyclables in household waste plays a vital role in promoting urban green and low-carbon transformation. Under China’s “Dual Carbon” goals， improving the recovery efficiency of household-source recyclables is essential for reducing the burden on waste management and advancing the circular economy. However， in many cities， waste generation is still estimated based on collection volume， which often underestimates the actual quantity produced. This discrepancy arises because high-value recyclables are frequently diverted before formal collection through informal channels， such as community cleaners， scavengers， or direct reuse by residents. This study focused on waste glass as a key recyclable in a typical city in China. Through surveys on 448 households across all districts， front-end data on household waste generation and recycling behaviors were collected. Based on that， household waste glass generation in 2023 was estimated at 251，000 tons by Monte Carlo simulation， while the XGBoost model predicted total municipal generation at 618，300 tons， with 247，200 tons from households， closely aligning with the observed data. The estimated carbon reduction potential was 44，700~150，900 tons CO2， and the economic benefit ranged from -4.6 million to 28 million USD. The results highlight the significant environmental and economic value of glass recycling. The proposed modeling framework is scientifically sound and practically applicable， offering a replicable method for assessing other recyclables and supporting urban solid waste management under China’s Dual Carbon Goals.
The resource utilization of recyclables in household waste plays a vital role in promoting urban green and low-carbon transformation. Under China’s “Dual Carbon” goals， improving the recovery efficiency of household-source recyclables is essential for reducing the burden on waste management and advancing the circular economy. However， in many cities， waste generation is still estimated based on collection volume， which often underestimates the actual quantity produced. This discrepancy arises because high-value recyclables are frequently diverted before formal collection through informal channels， such as community cleaners， scavengers， or direct reuse by residents. This study focused on waste glass as a key recyclable in a typical city in China. Through surveys on 448 households across all districts， front-end data on household waste generation and recycling behaviors were collected. Based on that， household waste glass generation in 2023 was estimated at 251，000 tons by Monte Carlo simulation， while the XGBoost model predicted total municipal generation at 618，300 tons， with 247，200 tons from households， closely aligning with the observed data. The estimated carbon reduction potential was 44，700~150，900 tons CO2， and the economic benefit ranged from -4.6 million to 28 million USD. The results highlight the significant environmental and economic value of glass recycling. The proposed modeling framework is scientifically sound and practically applicable， offering a replicable method for assessing other recyclables and supporting urban solid waste management under China’s Dual Carbon Goals.
2025,
43(10):
65-75.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510008
Abstract:
To investigate the changes in maturity and nutrient transformation mechanism of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure synergistic composting， and to maximize the utilization efficiency of coal gangue， this study set up four sets of mixed composting treatments with coal gangue content of 60% （D1）， 50% （D2）， 40% （D3）， 30% （D4）. During the composting process， changes in the temperature， pH， conductivity， nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， humus， C/N， seed germination index， as well as characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， etc.， were involved， to reveal their patterns and effects. The results showed that the addition of coal gangue can effectively reduce the salt content of ecological fertilizers. The conductivity of the final products of D1， D2， D3， and D4 were 1.02， 1.12， 1.20， and 1.35 mS/cm， respectively. The pH values of the four treatments were within the range of 7.5 to 8.1， which met the requirements of China’s national organic fertilizer standard. The effective phosphorus and potassium of groups D3 and D4 were increased by more than 60% and 50%， respectively. When the content of coal gangue was 40% （D3 group）， the F/A ratio reached 2.5， indicating the strongest degree of composting humification. The germination index （GI） was as high as 104.2%， and it could meet the GI index requirement earlier， indicating that the toxicity to plants was effectively reduced. The SEM-XRD-FTIR results also showed that after composting， the honeycomb structure in the D3 pile became more pronounced， and some crystals had decreased crystallinity. The aromatization degree of the pile was higher， showing better slow-release performance. In summary， the synergistic composting of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 4：3：3 can significantly improve the maturity and nutrient conversion efficiency of compost. This study provides a theoretical basis and application value for preparation technology of high value-added ecological fertilizers.
To investigate the changes in maturity and nutrient transformation mechanism of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure synergistic composting， and to maximize the utilization efficiency of coal gangue， this study set up four sets of mixed composting treatments with coal gangue content of 60% （D1）， 50% （D2）， 40% （D3）， 30% （D4）. During the composting process， changes in the temperature， pH， conductivity， nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， humus， C/N， seed germination index， as well as characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， etc.， were involved， to reveal their patterns and effects. The results showed that the addition of coal gangue can effectively reduce the salt content of ecological fertilizers. The conductivity of the final products of D1， D2， D3， and D4 were 1.02， 1.12， 1.20， and 1.35 mS/cm， respectively. The pH values of the four treatments were within the range of 7.5 to 8.1， which met the requirements of China’s national organic fertilizer standard. The effective phosphorus and potassium of groups D3 and D4 were increased by more than 60% and 50%， respectively. When the content of coal gangue was 40% （D3 group）， the F/A ratio reached 2.5， indicating the strongest degree of composting humification. The germination index （GI） was as high as 104.2%， and it could meet the GI index requirement earlier， indicating that the toxicity to plants was effectively reduced. The SEM-XRD-FTIR results also showed that after composting， the honeycomb structure in the D3 pile became more pronounced， and some crystals had decreased crystallinity. The aromatization degree of the pile was higher， showing better slow-release performance. In summary， the synergistic composting of coal gangue， cow manure， and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 4：3：3 can significantly improve the maturity and nutrient conversion efficiency of compost. This study provides a theoretical basis and application value for preparation technology of high value-added ecological fertilizers.
2025,
43(10):
76-83.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510009
Abstract:
To address the issue of resource waste caused by the storage of industrial waste residue from polyaluminum chloride， this study innovatively developed a process for preparing non-fired ceramic particles based on polyaluminum chloride slag. By systematically examining the effects of different factors on the performance of ceramic particles， combined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） microstructure characterization and X-ray diffraction （XRD） phase analysis， the generation of the phases and its mechanism was observed. The results showed that the optimal water-cement ratio for the formation of non-fired ceramic particles from polyaluminum chloride slag was 0.24， the slag-cement ratio was 5∶5， the cement addition was 15%， the sodium silicate content was 9%， and the sodium hydroxide content was 11%； the cylindrical compressive strength of non-fired ceramic particles under this condition was 4.6 MPa， the bulk density was 795.8 kg/m3， and its water absorption capacity was 6.74%， which met the ceramic particle performance requirements in China’s national standard， Lightweight Aggregates and Their Experimental Methods （GB/T 17431.1—2010）. The microscopic analysis showed that the main phase of 28 day non-fired ceramic particles is quartz and gel. The gel bodies were connected and the pores were filled， to make the structure more compact. Preparatoin of the non-fired ceramic particles was with a total cost of approximately 288.46 yuan/m3 through calculation.
To address the issue of resource waste caused by the storage of industrial waste residue from polyaluminum chloride， this study innovatively developed a process for preparing non-fired ceramic particles based on polyaluminum chloride slag. By systematically examining the effects of different factors on the performance of ceramic particles， combined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） microstructure characterization and X-ray diffraction （XRD） phase analysis， the generation of the phases and its mechanism was observed. The results showed that the optimal water-cement ratio for the formation of non-fired ceramic particles from polyaluminum chloride slag was 0.24， the slag-cement ratio was 5∶5， the cement addition was 15%， the sodium silicate content was 9%， and the sodium hydroxide content was 11%； the cylindrical compressive strength of non-fired ceramic particles under this condition was 4.6 MPa， the bulk density was 795.8 kg/m3， and its water absorption capacity was 6.74%， which met the ceramic particle performance requirements in China’s national standard， Lightweight Aggregates and Their Experimental Methods （GB/T 17431.1—2010）. The microscopic analysis showed that the main phase of 28 day non-fired ceramic particles is quartz and gel. The gel bodies were connected and the pores were filled， to make the structure more compact. Preparatoin of the non-fired ceramic particles was with a total cost of approximately 288.46 yuan/m3 through calculation.
2025,
43(10):
84-94.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510010
Abstract:
Aquatic landscapes play a vital role in urban ecosystems. In northern China， where water resources are severely scarce， reclaimed water has emerged as a primary solution for replenishing these landscapes. However， residual nutrients and organic matter in reclaimed water can easily cause water quality fluctuations and increase the risk of algal blooms. In this paper， a lotus pond at a university was selected as a typical reclaimed water landscape to investigate seasonal variations in water quality and planktonic microbial communities. Through analyzing the seasonal variations in water quality and planktonic microbial communities in the lotus pond， it was found that concentrations of chemical oxygen demand （COD）， total nitrogen （TN）， total phosphorus （TP）， and suspended solids （SS） were all significantly higher in autumn than in spring. However， these water quality indicators alone could not directly explain the occurrence of algal blooms. Instead， the temperature increase in April emerged as the primary driver， significantly promoting the rapid growth of Cryptophyta， making it the primary dominant algal group during blooms. High-throughput sequencing of microbial communities further demonstrated pronounced seasonal differences in species richness and diversity. The microbial community diversity in autumn was higher than in spring， while the community structure during the pre-bloom period （March） and the bloom period （April） in spring showed a high degree of consistency. Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta were the primary dominant algae in the lotus pond， exhibiting an alternating abundance pattern in response to temperature variations. Spring temperature increase significantly accelerated the growth of Cryptophyta， while Chlorophyta showed greater sensitivity to temperature fluctuations， with notable abundance variations observed in autumn. Environmental factor analysis using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） highlighted that temperature， COD， TN， and SS played critical roles in shaping microbial community structures. In autumn， declining temperatures and nutrient accumulation favored nutrient-dependent microbial communities while suppressing phytoplankton growth. In contrast， rising temperatures in spring accelerated algal proliferation， significantly altering community structures during the April bloom. This study provides a scientific basis for water quality management and microbial community regulation in reclaimed water landscapes， offering theoretical and practical insights for improving the ecological health of aquatic landscapes and developing effective algal bloom control strategies.
Aquatic landscapes play a vital role in urban ecosystems. In northern China， where water resources are severely scarce， reclaimed water has emerged as a primary solution for replenishing these landscapes. However， residual nutrients and organic matter in reclaimed water can easily cause water quality fluctuations and increase the risk of algal blooms. In this paper， a lotus pond at a university was selected as a typical reclaimed water landscape to investigate seasonal variations in water quality and planktonic microbial communities. Through analyzing the seasonal variations in water quality and planktonic microbial communities in the lotus pond， it was found that concentrations of chemical oxygen demand （COD）， total nitrogen （TN）， total phosphorus （TP）， and suspended solids （SS） were all significantly higher in autumn than in spring. However， these water quality indicators alone could not directly explain the occurrence of algal blooms. Instead， the temperature increase in April emerged as the primary driver， significantly promoting the rapid growth of Cryptophyta， making it the primary dominant algal group during blooms. High-throughput sequencing of microbial communities further demonstrated pronounced seasonal differences in species richness and diversity. The microbial community diversity in autumn was higher than in spring， while the community structure during the pre-bloom period （March） and the bloom period （April） in spring showed a high degree of consistency. Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta were the primary dominant algae in the lotus pond， exhibiting an alternating abundance pattern in response to temperature variations. Spring temperature increase significantly accelerated the growth of Cryptophyta， while Chlorophyta showed greater sensitivity to temperature fluctuations， with notable abundance variations observed in autumn. Environmental factor analysis using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） highlighted that temperature， COD， TN， and SS played critical roles in shaping microbial community structures. In autumn， declining temperatures and nutrient accumulation favored nutrient-dependent microbial communities while suppressing phytoplankton growth. In contrast， rising temperatures in spring accelerated algal proliferation， significantly altering community structures during the April bloom. This study provides a scientific basis for water quality management and microbial community regulation in reclaimed water landscapes， offering theoretical and practical insights for improving the ecological health of aquatic landscapes and developing effective algal bloom control strategies.
2025,
43(10):
95-102.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510011
Abstract:
Stationary sources are the major anthropogenic emitters of carbon dioxide in China， making carbon emission reduction from stationary sources a key strategy for achieving China’s Dual Carbon goals. Amine absorption-based carbon capture systems are currently the most widely used technology for CO2 emissions control from stationary sources and are gradually promoted globally. The escape of amines and their degradation products with flue gas is a concern for this technology. Studies have shown that the concentration of escaped amine can reach levels as high as several tens μg/m3， which not only increases the operating cost of carbon capture systems but also poses potential risks to environmental quality and human health. At present， the understanding of amine emissions from stationary sources is still relatively limited. One of the main reasons is the lack of amine emission limit and monitoring technology specifications， which hinders in-depth understanding and regulatory oversight of amine escape. This paper reviews the current monitoring technologies for amine escape from stationary sources， including offline sampling and analysis technology， as well as online monitoring technologies such as Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry （PTR-MS）， covering their basic principles and application status. We also discussed the applicability of these technologies in monitoring amine emissions in light of current monitoring needs and provided an outlook on future development of related novel technologies.
Stationary sources are the major anthropogenic emitters of carbon dioxide in China， making carbon emission reduction from stationary sources a key strategy for achieving China’s Dual Carbon goals. Amine absorption-based carbon capture systems are currently the most widely used technology for CO2 emissions control from stationary sources and are gradually promoted globally. The escape of amines and their degradation products with flue gas is a concern for this technology. Studies have shown that the concentration of escaped amine can reach levels as high as several tens μg/m3， which not only increases the operating cost of carbon capture systems but also poses potential risks to environmental quality and human health. At present， the understanding of amine emissions from stationary sources is still relatively limited. One of the main reasons is the lack of amine emission limit and monitoring technology specifications， which hinders in-depth understanding and regulatory oversight of amine escape. This paper reviews the current monitoring technologies for amine escape from stationary sources， including offline sampling and analysis technology， as well as online monitoring technologies such as Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry （PTR-MS）， covering their basic principles and application status. We also discussed the applicability of these technologies in monitoring amine emissions in light of current monitoring needs and provided an outlook on future development of related novel technologies.
2025,
43(10):
103-111.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510012
Abstract:
Black and odorous water severely threatens the survival of aquatic organisms and human health， necessitating urgent remediation measures. In this paper， in-situ restoration of black and odorous water bodies was achieved by planting submerged plants， Vallisneria natans. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal initial planting density was 150 plants/m2 by investigating the COD， nitrogen， phosphorus in water， and TC， TN and other indicators in sediment. Compared to the control system， the removal rates of COD， ammonia nitrogen （NHNH4+-N）， nitrate （NO3--N）， total nitrogen （TN）， and total phosphorus （TP） were 1.08， 1.25， 1.71， 1.45， and 1.62 times higher， respectively. Additionally， Vallisneria natans sensibly enhanced dissolved oxygen （DO） levels in the water. The system with a planting density of 150 plants/m² exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of TC and TN in the sediment， with the minimal content increase rates of 10.5% and 3.6%， respectively. The oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） of surface sediment increased by 40.4%， confirming the efficacy of Vallisneria natans in removing pollutants and ameliorating anaerobic conditions in black and odorous sediment. Among the 150 plants/m2 system， the growth rates of fresh weight， leaf number， and the average number of ramets were 106.25%， 61.11%， and 11.40 plants， respectively， all of which were higher than those in other systems. Under this initial planting density， it was more conducive to Vallisneria natans resisting extreme environments and proliferating rapidly. This study can provide theoretical reference to the application of Vallisneria natans for in-situ restoration of black and odorous water and sediment.
Black and odorous water severely threatens the survival of aquatic organisms and human health， necessitating urgent remediation measures. In this paper， in-situ restoration of black and odorous water bodies was achieved by planting submerged plants， Vallisneria natans. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal initial planting density was 150 plants/m2 by investigating the COD， nitrogen， phosphorus in water， and TC， TN and other indicators in sediment. Compared to the control system， the removal rates of COD， ammonia nitrogen （NHNH4+-N）， nitrate （NO3--N）， total nitrogen （TN）， and total phosphorus （TP） were 1.08， 1.25， 1.71， 1.45， and 1.62 times higher， respectively. Additionally， Vallisneria natans sensibly enhanced dissolved oxygen （DO） levels in the water. The system with a planting density of 150 plants/m² exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of TC and TN in the sediment， with the minimal content increase rates of 10.5% and 3.6%， respectively. The oxidation-reduction potential （ORP） of surface sediment increased by 40.4%， confirming the efficacy of Vallisneria natans in removing pollutants and ameliorating anaerobic conditions in black and odorous sediment. Among the 150 plants/m2 system， the growth rates of fresh weight， leaf number， and the average number of ramets were 106.25%， 61.11%， and 11.40 plants， respectively， all of which were higher than those in other systems. Under this initial planting density， it was more conducive to Vallisneria natans resisting extreme environments and proliferating rapidly. This study can provide theoretical reference to the application of Vallisneria natans for in-situ restoration of black and odorous water and sediment.
2025,
43(10):
112-120.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510013
Abstract:
Under the background of the Dual-Carbon Goals， the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） with high efficiency， economy， and low-energy-consumption is a big demand in China. This review focuses on the energy consumption of thermal and non-thermal catalytic oxidation technologies of VOCs， summarizes the energy consumption characteristics of thermal catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons， aliphatic hydrocarbons， oxygenated VOCs， and chlorine-containing， nitrogen-containing， and sulfur-containing VOCs， and provides an overview of the energy consumption of non-thermal catalytic oxidation technologies， such as plasma-catalytic oxidation， photocatalytic oxidation， photothermal catalytic oxidation， and ozone-catalytic oxidation. The results show that it is difficult to achieve room temperature catalytic combustion for chlorine-containing， nitrogen-containing， and sulfur-containing VOCs， and researchers should focus on improving product selectivity and avoiding the generation of toxic by-products. The catalytic combustion temperature of aromatic hydrocarbons is still far beyond the room temperature， and the catalytic combustion of oxygenated VOCs and aliphatic hydrocarbons are expected to achieve low temperature or near room temperature catalytic combustion in the future. Thermal catalytic oxidations have the lowest average specific molar energy consumption， compared with different non-thermal catalytic oxidations. Thermal catalytic oxidation technology is still the mainstream technology for the industrial destruction of VOCs in the future， and non-thermal catalytic oxidation technology will occupy a place， because of its unique advantages in specific scenarios.
Under the background of the Dual-Carbon Goals， the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） with high efficiency， economy， and low-energy-consumption is a big demand in China. This review focuses on the energy consumption of thermal and non-thermal catalytic oxidation technologies of VOCs， summarizes the energy consumption characteristics of thermal catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons， aliphatic hydrocarbons， oxygenated VOCs， and chlorine-containing， nitrogen-containing， and sulfur-containing VOCs， and provides an overview of the energy consumption of non-thermal catalytic oxidation technologies， such as plasma-catalytic oxidation， photocatalytic oxidation， photothermal catalytic oxidation， and ozone-catalytic oxidation. The results show that it is difficult to achieve room temperature catalytic combustion for chlorine-containing， nitrogen-containing， and sulfur-containing VOCs， and researchers should focus on improving product selectivity and avoiding the generation of toxic by-products. The catalytic combustion temperature of aromatic hydrocarbons is still far beyond the room temperature， and the catalytic combustion of oxygenated VOCs and aliphatic hydrocarbons are expected to achieve low temperature or near room temperature catalytic combustion in the future. Thermal catalytic oxidations have the lowest average specific molar energy consumption， compared with different non-thermal catalytic oxidations. Thermal catalytic oxidation technology is still the mainstream technology for the industrial destruction of VOCs in the future， and non-thermal catalytic oxidation technology will occupy a place， because of its unique advantages in specific scenarios.
2025,
43(10):
121-133.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510014
Abstract:
The issue of global climate change is becoming increasingly severe， and the reduction and resource utilization of CO2 and CH4， as major greenhouse gases， are crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality goals. As a key technology that transforms greenhouse gases into syngas （H2 and CO）， the CO2-CH4 reforming reaction has the dual potential for emissions reduction and value creation. However， the reaction's highly endothermic nature necessitates high-temperature conditions， leading to catalyst sintering， high reactor cost， and significant energy consumption. Therefore， the development of catalysts that can efficiently catalyze this reaction at low/moderate temperature （<700 ℃） becomes a research focus. This work centers on innovations in catalytic systems for low/moderate temperature （<700 ℃） reaction， reviewing the latest progress in precious metal， Ni-based， Co-based， and bimetallic catalysts. It analyzes the structure-performance relationships of different systems across active sites， support structures， and interfacial properties， focusing on reaction pathway modulation and anti-coking mechanisms. Strategies for rational catalyst design based on synergistic effects are also proposed. The findings provide a theoretical perspective to overcome kinetic limitations of low/moderate temperatures， aiming to help advance the engineering application of greenhouse gas resource utilization technologies.
The issue of global climate change is becoming increasingly severe， and the reduction and resource utilization of CO2 and CH4， as major greenhouse gases， are crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality goals. As a key technology that transforms greenhouse gases into syngas （H2 and CO）， the CO2-CH4 reforming reaction has the dual potential for emissions reduction and value creation. However， the reaction's highly endothermic nature necessitates high-temperature conditions， leading to catalyst sintering， high reactor cost， and significant energy consumption. Therefore， the development of catalysts that can efficiently catalyze this reaction at low/moderate temperature （<700 ℃） becomes a research focus. This work centers on innovations in catalytic systems for low/moderate temperature （<700 ℃） reaction， reviewing the latest progress in precious metal， Ni-based， Co-based， and bimetallic catalysts. It analyzes the structure-performance relationships of different systems across active sites， support structures， and interfacial properties， focusing on reaction pathway modulation and anti-coking mechanisms. Strategies for rational catalyst design based on synergistic effects are also proposed. The findings provide a theoretical perspective to overcome kinetic limitations of low/moderate temperatures， aiming to help advance the engineering application of greenhouse gas resource utilization technologies.
2025,
43(10):
134-143.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510015
Abstract:
Based on an implementation case of a molybdenum mine tailings roadbed utilization project in Inner Mongolia， this study investigated the distribution and leaching characteristics of typical elements in molybdenum tailings and the subgrade materials derived from them. Additionally， the TRRP model was employed to evaluate the potential environmental risks to groundwater during the utilization of molybdenum tailings as subgrade materials. Results indicated that the concentrations of Cd， Hg， As， Pb， Cr， Cu， Ni， Zn， Mn， Mo， and F in both molybdenum tailings and derived subgrade materials did not exceed the screening values for the first type of land use specified in GB 36600—2018. However， elements such as Cd， Pb， Zn， Cu， and Mo surpassed the national soil background values， with the concentration of Mo exceeding its background value by nearly 112 times. Under neutral conditions， the leaching concentration of Mo exceeded the Class III limit set by GB/T 14848—2017. Moreover， under acidic conditions， the leaching concentrations of Cd， Pb， Zn， and Mo also exceeded this limit. Notably， the highest leaching rate observed was 15.91% for Cd， and the release levels of typical elements were higher under acidic conditions compared to neutral conditions. In subgrade materials， the effective leaching concentrations of Cd， Pb， Mn， and Mo exceeded the Class III limit setby GB/T 14848—2017， and the leaching rate of Cd， Zn， and Mo exceeded by 20%. Nevertheless， based on the groundwater risk assessment using the TRRP-T2 model， the concentrations of typical heavy metal elements remained within the Class Ⅲ limits setby GB/T 14848—2017， indicating that the environmental risks posed by the use of molybdenum tailings for subgrade materials were manageable. The research results can provide theoretical support and data reference for the environmental risk assessment of the resource utilization scenarios of large industrial solid wastes， such as metal tailings in roadbed utilization.
Based on an implementation case of a molybdenum mine tailings roadbed utilization project in Inner Mongolia， this study investigated the distribution and leaching characteristics of typical elements in molybdenum tailings and the subgrade materials derived from them. Additionally， the TRRP model was employed to evaluate the potential environmental risks to groundwater during the utilization of molybdenum tailings as subgrade materials. Results indicated that the concentrations of Cd， Hg， As， Pb， Cr， Cu， Ni， Zn， Mn， Mo， and F in both molybdenum tailings and derived subgrade materials did not exceed the screening values for the first type of land use specified in GB 36600—2018. However， elements such as Cd， Pb， Zn， Cu， and Mo surpassed the national soil background values， with the concentration of Mo exceeding its background value by nearly 112 times. Under neutral conditions， the leaching concentration of Mo exceeded the Class III limit set by GB/T 14848—2017. Moreover， under acidic conditions， the leaching concentrations of Cd， Pb， Zn， and Mo also exceeded this limit. Notably， the highest leaching rate observed was 15.91% for Cd， and the release levels of typical elements were higher under acidic conditions compared to neutral conditions. In subgrade materials， the effective leaching concentrations of Cd， Pb， Mn， and Mo exceeded the Class III limit setby GB/T 14848—2017， and the leaching rate of Cd， Zn， and Mo exceeded by 20%. Nevertheless， based on the groundwater risk assessment using the TRRP-T2 model， the concentrations of typical heavy metal elements remained within the Class Ⅲ limits setby GB/T 14848—2017， indicating that the environmental risks posed by the use of molybdenum tailings for subgrade materials were manageable. The research results can provide theoretical support and data reference for the environmental risk assessment of the resource utilization scenarios of large industrial solid wastes， such as metal tailings in roadbed utilization.
2025,
43(10):
144-149.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510016
Abstract:
Tunnel slag is an inevitable product of tunnel excavation in the process of infrastructure construction in China， which has the characteristics of large output， diversity， fluctuation， and low cleanliness. Under the Dual-Carbon Goals， the resource utilization of tunnel slag can not only reduce the construction cost， alleviate the contradiction between the serious shortage of building materials and the difficulty in disposing of a large amount of tunnel slag， but also greatly reduce carbon emissions. This paper introduces the sources of tunnel slag， environmental hazards， and resource utilization status. At the same time，We investigated the national key project of Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the construction of the world's largest underwater highway tunnel， Jiaozhou Bay Highway Tunnel Second Undersea Tunnel Engineering， analyzea the characteristics of slag hole production line situation， etc. in view of the low utilization rate of tunnel slag， it is proposed to strengthen the development of rapid evaluation technology and quality improvement technology of tunnel slag， develope new ways of resource utilization with high consumption capacity， and strengthen the construction of relevant building materials standards based on tunnel slag.
Tunnel slag is an inevitable product of tunnel excavation in the process of infrastructure construction in China， which has the characteristics of large output， diversity， fluctuation， and low cleanliness. Under the Dual-Carbon Goals， the resource utilization of tunnel slag can not only reduce the construction cost， alleviate the contradiction between the serious shortage of building materials and the difficulty in disposing of a large amount of tunnel slag， but also greatly reduce carbon emissions. This paper introduces the sources of tunnel slag， environmental hazards， and resource utilization status. At the same time，We investigated the national key project of Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the construction of the world's largest underwater highway tunnel， Jiaozhou Bay Highway Tunnel Second Undersea Tunnel Engineering， analyzea the characteristics of slag hole production line situation， etc. in view of the low utilization rate of tunnel slag， it is proposed to strengthen the development of rapid evaluation technology and quality improvement technology of tunnel slag， develope new ways of resource utilization with high consumption capacity， and strengthen the construction of relevant building materials standards based on tunnel slag.
2025,
43(10):
150-161.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510017
Abstract:
Anaerobic digestion is a process whereby a range of microorganisms convert biodegradable substrates into biogas under anaerobic conditions. Despite the prevalence of full-mixed single-phase anaerobic digestion as a dominant process in anaerobic digestion， its operating efficiency is typically low. The dual-phase anaerobic digestion process can maintain stable operation at high load， leading to a resurgence of interest in recent years. However， compared to single-phase anaerobic digestion， its constructional investment cost is higher. Consequently， the development of a cost-effective operational strategy for dual-phase anaerobic digestion represents a crucial step toward ensuring the stable operation and profitability of biogas plants. In this study， the effects of acid-phase insulation on the gas production characteristics of dry anaerobic digestion， organic matter degradation， and the structure of the microbial community， as well as the energy balance of the four fermentation systems， were investigated using corn straw and swine manure as the raw materials in integrated and separated dual-phase anaerobic fermentation systems， respectively. The findings indicated that， the fully insulated systems exhibited a maximum methane production potential of 147.9 mL/gVS and 152.2 mL/gVS， respectively， in the integrated and separated dual-phase anaerobic fermentation system. In comparison， the uninsulated acid phase system demonstrated a methane production potential of 145.6 mL/gVS and 144.5 mL/gVS， respectively， in the integnated and seperated systems. No significant difference was observed in methane yield between the four systems. During the operation of the two fully insulated systems， the highest SCOD concentrations in the biogas slurry were 16.3 g/L and 26.2 g/L， and the highest VFAs concentrations were 12.0 g/L and 11.1 g/L. While the two acid-phase uninsulated systems exhibited the highest SCOD concentrations of 18.9 g/L and 19.1 g/L， the highest VFAs concentrations were 14.2 g/L and 8.1 g/L. In terms of energy balance， the operating energy consumption of the fully insulated system represented 29.3% and 59.2% of the total production capacity， whereas， for the acid phase uninsulated system， it accounted for 11.0% and 32.0% of the total system capacity. In conclusion， while the acid phase uninsulated system demonstrated comparable methane production to the fully insulated system， it exhibited a greater net energy output. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the construction and operation of two-temperature and dual-phase anaerobic digestion biogas projects.
Anaerobic digestion is a process whereby a range of microorganisms convert biodegradable substrates into biogas under anaerobic conditions. Despite the prevalence of full-mixed single-phase anaerobic digestion as a dominant process in anaerobic digestion， its operating efficiency is typically low. The dual-phase anaerobic digestion process can maintain stable operation at high load， leading to a resurgence of interest in recent years. However， compared to single-phase anaerobic digestion， its constructional investment cost is higher. Consequently， the development of a cost-effective operational strategy for dual-phase anaerobic digestion represents a crucial step toward ensuring the stable operation and profitability of biogas plants. In this study， the effects of acid-phase insulation on the gas production characteristics of dry anaerobic digestion， organic matter degradation， and the structure of the microbial community， as well as the energy balance of the four fermentation systems， were investigated using corn straw and swine manure as the raw materials in integrated and separated dual-phase anaerobic fermentation systems， respectively. The findings indicated that， the fully insulated systems exhibited a maximum methane production potential of 147.9 mL/gVS and 152.2 mL/gVS， respectively， in the integrated and separated dual-phase anaerobic fermentation system. In comparison， the uninsulated acid phase system demonstrated a methane production potential of 145.6 mL/gVS and 144.5 mL/gVS， respectively， in the integnated and seperated systems. No significant difference was observed in methane yield between the four systems. During the operation of the two fully insulated systems， the highest SCOD concentrations in the biogas slurry were 16.3 g/L and 26.2 g/L， and the highest VFAs concentrations were 12.0 g/L and 11.1 g/L. While the two acid-phase uninsulated systems exhibited the highest SCOD concentrations of 18.9 g/L and 19.1 g/L， the highest VFAs concentrations were 14.2 g/L and 8.1 g/L. In terms of energy balance， the operating energy consumption of the fully insulated system represented 29.3% and 59.2% of the total production capacity， whereas， for the acid phase uninsulated system， it accounted for 11.0% and 32.0% of the total system capacity. In conclusion， while the acid phase uninsulated system demonstrated comparable methane production to the fully insulated system， it exhibited a greater net energy output. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the construction and operation of two-temperature and dual-phase anaerobic digestion biogas projects.
2025,
43(10):
162-172.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510018
Abstract:
With the mandatory implementation of waste sorting policies in China， effectively treating and utilizing household kitchen waste， which differs significantly in characteristics and presents greater challenges compared to restaurant kitchen waste， has become an important research topic. This study， based on an analysis of the composition and properties of household kitchen waste in Beijing， investigated the impact of different thermal pretreatment temperatures （80 ℃， 140 ℃， 200 ℃） on the acidogenic process during anaerobic fermentation of household kitchen waste. By systematically analyzing the compositional characteristics and the physicochemical changes of household kitchen waste under different pretreatment conditions， the study explored the variation patterns of key parameters such as soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD）， volatile fatty acid （VFAs） production， ammonia nitrogen， and orthophosphate concentrations. The results indicated that a thermal pretreatment temperature of 140 ℃ achieved the maximum acid production on the 6th day， with a VFAs concentration peak approaching 35000 mg/L， predominantly composed of acetic acid， indicating high microbial metabolic activity. Additionally， the moderate release of ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate contributed to maintaining the stability of the fermentation system. In contrast， although the 200 ℃ pretreatment accelerated the decomposition of organic matter， the excessively high concentration of ammonia nitrogen likely inhibited microbial activity， resulting in a VFAs yield of only about 15，000 mg/L and significantly reduced fermentation efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the anaerobic fermentation process of household kitchen waste， contributing to the improvement of waste-to-resource conversion efficiency.
With the mandatory implementation of waste sorting policies in China， effectively treating and utilizing household kitchen waste， which differs significantly in characteristics and presents greater challenges compared to restaurant kitchen waste， has become an important research topic. This study， based on an analysis of the composition and properties of household kitchen waste in Beijing， investigated the impact of different thermal pretreatment temperatures （80 ℃， 140 ℃， 200 ℃） on the acidogenic process during anaerobic fermentation of household kitchen waste. By systematically analyzing the compositional characteristics and the physicochemical changes of household kitchen waste under different pretreatment conditions， the study explored the variation patterns of key parameters such as soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD）， volatile fatty acid （VFAs） production， ammonia nitrogen， and orthophosphate concentrations. The results indicated that a thermal pretreatment temperature of 140 ℃ achieved the maximum acid production on the 6th day， with a VFAs concentration peak approaching 35000 mg/L， predominantly composed of acetic acid， indicating high microbial metabolic activity. Additionally， the moderate release of ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate contributed to maintaining the stability of the fermentation system. In contrast， although the 200 ℃ pretreatment accelerated the decomposition of organic matter， the excessively high concentration of ammonia nitrogen likely inhibited microbial activity， resulting in a VFAs yield of only about 15，000 mg/L and significantly reduced fermentation efficiency. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the anaerobic fermentation process of household kitchen waste， contributing to the improvement of waste-to-resource conversion efficiency.
2025,
43(10):
173-182.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510019
Abstract:
Incineration in rotary kilns is one of the mainstream technologies for the harmless disposal of hazardous waste. Obtaining the internal combustion flow field can help solve issues， such as the generation of pollutants and the accumulation of ash and coke. Unlike simulations of single-form hazardous waste combustion， the numerical simulation of the rotary kiln require the coordinated treatment of both solid and liquid hazardous waste combustion. In this paper， the combustion characteristics of solid and liquid waste were analyzed. Based on the FLUENT software platform， a numerical simulation scheme for the co-incineration of solid and liquid hazardous waste in rotary kilns was proposed， with reference to previous combustion simulations. Using a full-scale rotary kiln incinerator as the research object， liquid waste particles were treated as combustion particles， and the rolling movement of solid waste on the combustion bed was neglected. The solid waste bed was simulated using a specific zone， divided into three sections： water vapor evaporation， volatile gas release， and char combustion with heat release. Mass source terms and energy source terms were included in the corresponding equations to account for these three processes of solid waste combustion. Additionally， the motion of solid waste fly ash in the rotary kiln incinerator was simulated using a discrete phase model. Through numerical simulation of the combustion flow field in the subject of study， the velocity field， temperature field， gas composition field， and the trajectories of fly ash particles inside the kiln were obtained. The rationality of the flow field distribution was analyzed， and the simulated results of temperature and oxygen content extracted at monitoring positions were basically consistent with the measured values， indicating the feasibility of the numerical simulation scheme for the co-incineration of solid and liquid hazardous waste in the rotary kiln proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation work provides a reference for designers and operators to optimize the combustion process.
Incineration in rotary kilns is one of the mainstream technologies for the harmless disposal of hazardous waste. Obtaining the internal combustion flow field can help solve issues， such as the generation of pollutants and the accumulation of ash and coke. Unlike simulations of single-form hazardous waste combustion， the numerical simulation of the rotary kiln require the coordinated treatment of both solid and liquid hazardous waste combustion. In this paper， the combustion characteristics of solid and liquid waste were analyzed. Based on the FLUENT software platform， a numerical simulation scheme for the co-incineration of solid and liquid hazardous waste in rotary kilns was proposed， with reference to previous combustion simulations. Using a full-scale rotary kiln incinerator as the research object， liquid waste particles were treated as combustion particles， and the rolling movement of solid waste on the combustion bed was neglected. The solid waste bed was simulated using a specific zone， divided into three sections： water vapor evaporation， volatile gas release， and char combustion with heat release. Mass source terms and energy source terms were included in the corresponding equations to account for these three processes of solid waste combustion. Additionally， the motion of solid waste fly ash in the rotary kiln incinerator was simulated using a discrete phase model. Through numerical simulation of the combustion flow field in the subject of study， the velocity field， temperature field， gas composition field， and the trajectories of fly ash particles inside the kiln were obtained. The rationality of the flow field distribution was analyzed， and the simulated results of temperature and oxygen content extracted at monitoring positions were basically consistent with the measured values， indicating the feasibility of the numerical simulation scheme for the co-incineration of solid and liquid hazardous waste in the rotary kiln proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation work provides a reference for designers and operators to optimize the combustion process.
2025,
43(10):
183-193.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510020
Abstract:
Advanced oxidation technology based on sludge biochar reuses waste sludge generated by various industries， including municipal sewage treatment plants， pharmaceutical factories， tanneries， dyeing and printing factories， and petroleum industrial plants，etc. It can not only reduce environmental problems caused by sludge accumulation but also effectively alleviate water pollution， yielding far-reaching environmental and social benefits. In order to systematically and comprehensively understand the research progress of sludge biochar in advanced oxidation processes， this paper focused on summarizing the intrinsic connections， reaction mechanisms， and main reinforcing effects of unmodified sludge biochar and modified sludge biochar in different advanced oxidation systems such as persulfate， hydrogen peroxide， peracetic acid， and periodate. The modification methods of sludge biochar generally include the modification of metal and non-metal elements， acid-base treatment. sludge biochar contains various elements and oxygen-containing functional groups. Sludge biochar has excellent surface area and pore structure. The unique properties of sludge biological carbon enable it to efficiently produce active substances， such as strong oxidizing free radicals and singlet oxygen in advanced oxidation systems such as persulfate， hydrogen peroxide， peracetic acid， and periodate， thus achieving efficient degradation of antibiotics， dyes， and other toxic and harmful pollutants. This paper provides new ideas and theoretical support for the future development and application of sludge biochar.
Advanced oxidation technology based on sludge biochar reuses waste sludge generated by various industries， including municipal sewage treatment plants， pharmaceutical factories， tanneries， dyeing and printing factories， and petroleum industrial plants，etc. It can not only reduce environmental problems caused by sludge accumulation but also effectively alleviate water pollution， yielding far-reaching environmental and social benefits. In order to systematically and comprehensively understand the research progress of sludge biochar in advanced oxidation processes， this paper focused on summarizing the intrinsic connections， reaction mechanisms， and main reinforcing effects of unmodified sludge biochar and modified sludge biochar in different advanced oxidation systems such as persulfate， hydrogen peroxide， peracetic acid， and periodate. The modification methods of sludge biochar generally include the modification of metal and non-metal elements， acid-base treatment. sludge biochar contains various elements and oxygen-containing functional groups. Sludge biochar has excellent surface area and pore structure. The unique properties of sludge biological carbon enable it to efficiently produce active substances， such as strong oxidizing free radicals and singlet oxygen in advanced oxidation systems such as persulfate， hydrogen peroxide， peracetic acid， and periodate， thus achieving efficient degradation of antibiotics， dyes， and other toxic and harmful pollutants. This paper provides new ideas and theoretical support for the future development and application of sludge biochar.
2025,
43(10):
194-202.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510021
Abstract:
Medical waste is extremely harmful to the environment and human health， especially under an epidemic situation. The safe disposal of a large amount of medical waste has long been a serious environmental challenge globally. In 2020， strengthening the weakness of the collection and disposal of medical waste was proposed by China， which posted higher requirements for the progress of medical waste treatment and disposal technology， the improvement of pollution control level， the strengthening of facility operation capacity， and the improvement of the management system. The safe and effective treatment and disposal of medical waste is the direct means to prevent the risk of medical waste. The medical waste treatment and disposal technologies keep developing in China. Various new technologies have been applied in different areas， and most of them have been evaluated by Environmental Technology Verification （ETV）. A set of mature verification and evaluation methods and models have been developed for disinfection technologies. However， there is only one ETV case for the new high-temperature treatment technology of medical waste. This paper performed a case study of the pyrolysis technology of medical waste. Based on the summary of the existing ETV requirements， the technical process was analyzed. The environmental indexes， technical indexes， as well as the operation-maintenance indexes， were all clarified. According to the innovation characteristics of the technology， the innovation indexes of energy saving， carbon reduction， pollution reduction， and resource utilization were established. Thus， the whole ETV index system and test plan were accomplished. This paper can provide a reference for performing ETV for the new high-temperature treatment technologies.
Medical waste is extremely harmful to the environment and human health， especially under an epidemic situation. The safe disposal of a large amount of medical waste has long been a serious environmental challenge globally. In 2020， strengthening the weakness of the collection and disposal of medical waste was proposed by China， which posted higher requirements for the progress of medical waste treatment and disposal technology， the improvement of pollution control level， the strengthening of facility operation capacity， and the improvement of the management system. The safe and effective treatment and disposal of medical waste is the direct means to prevent the risk of medical waste. The medical waste treatment and disposal technologies keep developing in China. Various new technologies have been applied in different areas， and most of them have been evaluated by Environmental Technology Verification （ETV）. A set of mature verification and evaluation methods and models have been developed for disinfection technologies. However， there is only one ETV case for the new high-temperature treatment technology of medical waste. This paper performed a case study of the pyrolysis technology of medical waste. Based on the summary of the existing ETV requirements， the technical process was analyzed. The environmental indexes， technical indexes， as well as the operation-maintenance indexes， were all clarified. According to the innovation characteristics of the technology， the innovation indexes of energy saving， carbon reduction， pollution reduction， and resource utilization were established. Thus， the whole ETV index system and test plan were accomplished. This paper can provide a reference for performing ETV for the new high-temperature treatment technologies.
2025,
43(10):
203-208.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510022
Abstract:
Global climate change and urbanization have led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events， resulting in significant alterations in urban hydrological and climatic conditions. In this context， refined simulation of urban drainage systems is essential for enhancing management and emergency response capabilities. The traditional calibration methods rely heavily on subjective experience and are inefficient. This study addressed the challenge of low efficiency in automatic calibration techniques by proposing a novel approach based on an elitist preservation genetic algorithm and a parallel computing framework for the automatic calibration of the Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. It utilized the SWMM-API library for interaction with SWMM， enabling the reading and execution of SWMM input files （INP） and the parsing of output results （OUT）. The elitist preservation genetic algorithm from the open-source genetic and evolutionary algorithm toolbox Geatpy was employed to enhance the global exploration capability and convergence speed of the algorithm. To overcome the limitations of Python's Global Interpreter Lock （GIL） for CPU multi-core parallel computing， the study utilized Python's built-in multiprocessing module to create a multiprocessing pool， thereby accelerated the computation of the optimization algorithm. The proposed method was tested on a residential community drainage network model， demonstrating that the automatic calibration program significantly reduced the time required for SWMM model calibration. The parallel framework achieved a 40.3% increase in auto calibration speed compared to the non-parallel framework while maintaining an equivalent model accuracy. The study showed that the parallel framework can search more extensively in the parameter space without compromising parameter optimization quality. The study successfully developed a reliable parameter calibration framework by coupling the elitist preservation genetic algorithm with the SWMM model， reduced the computational time for model parameter automatic calibration， demonstrating its efficiency in addressing large-scale and complex hydrological simulation problems. Future work should focus on multi-scenario simulations for different rainfall intensities， frequencies， and patterns， developing dynamic parameter calibration algorithms to meet the dynamic needs of actual urban rainwater management systems. Additionally， the optimal number of parallel processes under different hardware configurations needs to be determined experimentally， and the potential of GPU acceleration for further enhancing the optimization effects need to be explored.
Global climate change and urbanization have led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events， resulting in significant alterations in urban hydrological and climatic conditions. In this context， refined simulation of urban drainage systems is essential for enhancing management and emergency response capabilities. The traditional calibration methods rely heavily on subjective experience and are inefficient. This study addressed the challenge of low efficiency in automatic calibration techniques by proposing a novel approach based on an elitist preservation genetic algorithm and a parallel computing framework for the automatic calibration of the Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. It utilized the SWMM-API library for interaction with SWMM， enabling the reading and execution of SWMM input files （INP） and the parsing of output results （OUT）. The elitist preservation genetic algorithm from the open-source genetic and evolutionary algorithm toolbox Geatpy was employed to enhance the global exploration capability and convergence speed of the algorithm. To overcome the limitations of Python's Global Interpreter Lock （GIL） for CPU multi-core parallel computing， the study utilized Python's built-in multiprocessing module to create a multiprocessing pool， thereby accelerated the computation of the optimization algorithm. The proposed method was tested on a residential community drainage network model， demonstrating that the automatic calibration program significantly reduced the time required for SWMM model calibration. The parallel framework achieved a 40.3% increase in auto calibration speed compared to the non-parallel framework while maintaining an equivalent model accuracy. The study showed that the parallel framework can search more extensively in the parameter space without compromising parameter optimization quality. The study successfully developed a reliable parameter calibration framework by coupling the elitist preservation genetic algorithm with the SWMM model， reduced the computational time for model parameter automatic calibration， demonstrating its efficiency in addressing large-scale and complex hydrological simulation problems. Future work should focus on multi-scenario simulations for different rainfall intensities， frequencies， and patterns， developing dynamic parameter calibration algorithms to meet the dynamic needs of actual urban rainwater management systems. Additionally， the optimal number of parallel processes under different hardware configurations needs to be determined experimentally， and the potential of GPU acceleration for further enhancing the optimization effects need to be explored.
2025,
43(10):
209-216.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510023
Abstract:
The key challenge is to ensure the stable operation of the low ammonia nitrogen （NH4+-N） nitrification process， which is essential for advancing the application of autotrophic denitrification technology. To facilitate the rapid startup and stable operation of the low NH4+-N nitrification system， this study employed an upflow anaerobic sludge bed （UASB） reactor for system initiation， exploring the effect of a novel strategy that integrates intermittent aeration with hydrazine （N2H4） addition on system efficiency and microbial characteristics. The results showed that in stage I， using only intermittent aeration， the NH4+-N conversion rate （ANCR） and nitrite accumulation rate （NAR） were only 31.06% and 35.47%， respectively. In stage II， with the intermittent aeration combined with N2H4 dosing strategy， both ANCR and NAR gradually increased to 55.71% and 93.25%， respectively. By stage III， the system had achieved stable operation， with NCR and NAR stabilizing at 50% and 100%， respectively. The relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in Nitrosomonas increased twofold， while that of nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） in Nitrospira decreased to 0.23%. AOB activity rose by 10.53%， whereas NOB activity dropped by 37.5%. The study demonstrated that this innovative strategy successfully facilitated the startup and stable operation of the low NH4+-N nitrification system.
The key challenge is to ensure the stable operation of the low ammonia nitrogen （NH4+-N） nitrification process， which is essential for advancing the application of autotrophic denitrification technology. To facilitate the rapid startup and stable operation of the low NH4+-N nitrification system， this study employed an upflow anaerobic sludge bed （UASB） reactor for system initiation， exploring the effect of a novel strategy that integrates intermittent aeration with hydrazine （N2H4） addition on system efficiency and microbial characteristics. The results showed that in stage I， using only intermittent aeration， the NH4+-N conversion rate （ANCR） and nitrite accumulation rate （NAR） were only 31.06% and 35.47%， respectively. In stage II， with the intermittent aeration combined with N2H4 dosing strategy， both ANCR and NAR gradually increased to 55.71% and 93.25%， respectively. By stage III， the system had achieved stable operation， with NCR and NAR stabilizing at 50% and 100%， respectively. The relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in Nitrosomonas increased twofold， while that of nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） in Nitrospira decreased to 0.23%. AOB activity rose by 10.53%， whereas NOB activity dropped by 37.5%. The study demonstrated that this innovative strategy successfully facilitated the startup and stable operation of the low NH4+-N nitrification system.
2025,
43(10):
217-225.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510024
Abstract:
The ultra-low emission transformation treatment of coke oven flue gas is one of the key projects in the steel industry. The selection and optimization of the treatment process are crucial to achieving ultra-low emission modification goals， which can be evaluated using quantitative methods. In this paper， two treatment processes of existing coke oven flue gas ultra-low emission modification in a large steel company（Company S） were considered as the research objects. Based on field investigations， the life cycle assessment（LCA） method was adopted to build a relevant model and the quantitative impact results of two processes were calculated by Simapro software. The results showed that Process A （activated coke adsorption desulfurization and denitration） achieved a 64.56% reduction in environmental impact， compared to Process B （dense-flow absorber flue gas desulfurization + ceramic filter cartridge desulfurization and denitration integrated process）， representing an optimized ultra-low emission solution for coke oven flue gas treatment. The potential environmental impacts of two processes were mainly distributed in human carcinogenicity， ozone formation （impacts on human health）， freshwater ecotoxicity， freshwater eutrophication， and marine ecotoxicity. Furthermore， the key affecting factors for both processes were coke oven gas and electricity. In view of the two key factors， preliminary suggestions were proposed on improving the environmental impacts of both processes， which could serve as a reference for the selection and optimization of ultra-low emission transformation processes for coke oven flue gas.
The ultra-low emission transformation treatment of coke oven flue gas is one of the key projects in the steel industry. The selection and optimization of the treatment process are crucial to achieving ultra-low emission modification goals， which can be evaluated using quantitative methods. In this paper， two treatment processes of existing coke oven flue gas ultra-low emission modification in a large steel company（Company S） were considered as the research objects. Based on field investigations， the life cycle assessment（LCA） method was adopted to build a relevant model and the quantitative impact results of two processes were calculated by Simapro software. The results showed that Process A （activated coke adsorption desulfurization and denitration） achieved a 64.56% reduction in environmental impact， compared to Process B （dense-flow absorber flue gas desulfurization + ceramic filter cartridge desulfurization and denitration integrated process）， representing an optimized ultra-low emission solution for coke oven flue gas treatment. The potential environmental impacts of two processes were mainly distributed in human carcinogenicity， ozone formation （impacts on human health）， freshwater ecotoxicity， freshwater eutrophication， and marine ecotoxicity. Furthermore， the key affecting factors for both processes were coke oven gas and electricity. In view of the two key factors， preliminary suggestions were proposed on improving the environmental impacts of both processes， which could serve as a reference for the selection and optimization of ultra-low emission transformation processes for coke oven flue gas.
2025,
43(10):
226-234.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510025
Abstract:
In recent years， non-thermal plasma synergistic catalyst technology has been considered as one of the most promising technologies for VOCs degradation. Based on existing research results， catalysts can significantly improve the degradation efficiency of VOCs， but the effects and mechanisms of different catalysts vary. Therefore， it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the research progress on the interaction between plasma and catalysts. After plasma treatment， the catalyst can improve adsorption performance， thermal activation capability， and carbon deposition resistance. At the same time， the catalyst can also modify the plasma discharge mode， enhance the local electric field， and promote the generation of active particles. Therefore， this paper maily reviews the research progress on three types of catalysts： photocatalysts， precious metal catalysts， and transition metal oxide catalysts. Furthermore， it examines the plasma-catalytic synergistic mechanism， along with the mutual effects between catalysts and plasma. Finally， based on current research， the development trends and future prospects of this technology are discussed. The research should focus on decomposing multi-component gas pollutants using plasma technology， aiming to enhance pollutant removal efficiency while inhibiting the formation of by-products. At present， low-temperature-plasma-modified catalysts have been studied. Future work sould combine these catalysts with plasma technology for VOCs degradation， investigating their synergistic effects and mechanisms.
In recent years， non-thermal plasma synergistic catalyst technology has been considered as one of the most promising technologies for VOCs degradation. Based on existing research results， catalysts can significantly improve the degradation efficiency of VOCs， but the effects and mechanisms of different catalysts vary. Therefore， it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the research progress on the interaction between plasma and catalysts. After plasma treatment， the catalyst can improve adsorption performance， thermal activation capability， and carbon deposition resistance. At the same time， the catalyst can also modify the plasma discharge mode， enhance the local electric field， and promote the generation of active particles. Therefore， this paper maily reviews the research progress on three types of catalysts： photocatalysts， precious metal catalysts， and transition metal oxide catalysts. Furthermore， it examines the plasma-catalytic synergistic mechanism， along with the mutual effects between catalysts and plasma. Finally， based on current research， the development trends and future prospects of this technology are discussed. The research should focus on decomposing multi-component gas pollutants using plasma technology， aiming to enhance pollutant removal efficiency while inhibiting the formation of by-products. At present， low-temperature-plasma-modified catalysts have been studied. Future work sould combine these catalysts with plasma technology for VOCs degradation， investigating their synergistic effects and mechanisms.
2025,
43(10):
235-244.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510026
Abstract:
This study employed the cornbine SUMA canister sampling-atmospheric pre-concentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） technique to investigate key odor-complaint enterprises and their surrounding residential areas in an urban district of a southern Chinese city. It focused on detecting major malodorous volatile organic compounds （MVOCs）， including aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， alkenes， halogenated hydrocarbons， and sulfur-containing compounds， to explore the feasibility of tracing MVOCs pollution through synchronous sampling of pollution sources and surrounding residential areas. The results showed that the 24-hour average concentration of VOCs from odor sources at Sewage Plants A， B， and C ranged from 34.3 to 44.1 ppb， predominantly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， and halogenated hydrocarbons. Differences in VOC composition among the sewage plants were primarily related to the types of wastewater being treated. Other enterprises with odor complaints， including sludge treatment companies， pharmaceutical companies， and biotechnology firms， exhibited 24-hour average VOC concentrations ranging from 13.5 to 206 ppb， with distinct major pollutants varying according to their core business activities. In contrast， the 24-hour average VOC concentrations in the ambient air of surrounding residential areas ranged from 4 to 24.3 ppb， with similar chemical compositions across different residential zones， predominantly consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons， alkanes， and carbonyl compounds. Key MVOCs species， such as styrene and carbon disulfide， were either undetected or barely reached the detection limits in residential ambient air， while the highest detected concentrations of ethyl acetate， toluene， and xylene （o-， m-， p-xylene） did not exceed the limits set by the "Triangle Odor Bag Method" and the "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants". Comparative analysis of 24-hour synchronous sampling results between odor sources and ambient air in surrounding residential areas revealed high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at all sampling points. During winter sampling， it was found that with the high concentration detection of characteristic MVOCs species， such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane， in sewage treatment plants and enterprises， higher concentrations of dichloromethane and trichloromethane also appeared in the ambient air of the residential areas. This study provides strong support for tracing the impact of odor pollution sources on surrounding residential areas and offers valuable data and scientific evidence for environmental regulatory agencies to manage odor pollution effectively.
This study employed the cornbine SUMA canister sampling-atmospheric pre-concentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） technique to investigate key odor-complaint enterprises and their surrounding residential areas in an urban district of a southern Chinese city. It focused on detecting major malodorous volatile organic compounds （MVOCs）， including aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， alkenes， halogenated hydrocarbons， and sulfur-containing compounds， to explore the feasibility of tracing MVOCs pollution through synchronous sampling of pollution sources and surrounding residential areas. The results showed that the 24-hour average concentration of VOCs from odor sources at Sewage Plants A， B， and C ranged from 34.3 to 44.1 ppb， predominantly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons， carbonyl compounds， alkanes， and halogenated hydrocarbons. Differences in VOC composition among the sewage plants were primarily related to the types of wastewater being treated. Other enterprises with odor complaints， including sludge treatment companies， pharmaceutical companies， and biotechnology firms， exhibited 24-hour average VOC concentrations ranging from 13.5 to 206 ppb， with distinct major pollutants varying according to their core business activities. In contrast， the 24-hour average VOC concentrations in the ambient air of surrounding residential areas ranged from 4 to 24.3 ppb， with similar chemical compositions across different residential zones， predominantly consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons， alkanes， and carbonyl compounds. Key MVOCs species， such as styrene and carbon disulfide， were either undetected or barely reached the detection limits in residential ambient air， while the highest detected concentrations of ethyl acetate， toluene， and xylene （o-， m-， p-xylene） did not exceed the limits set by the "Triangle Odor Bag Method" and the "Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants". Comparative analysis of 24-hour synchronous sampling results between odor sources and ambient air in surrounding residential areas revealed high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds at all sampling points. During winter sampling， it was found that with the high concentration detection of characteristic MVOCs species， such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane， in sewage treatment plants and enterprises， higher concentrations of dichloromethane and trichloromethane also appeared in the ambient air of the residential areas. This study provides strong support for tracing the impact of odor pollution sources on surrounding residential areas and offers valuable data and scientific evidence for environmental regulatory agencies to manage odor pollution effectively.
2025,
43(10):
245-254.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510027
Abstract:
In 2022， the number of days with ozone exceeding the standard in Qingyang， the core area of Longdong large-scale energy and chemical base， increased sharply. In this paper， a typical ozone pollution process last from June 23rd to 25th was selected as the case. Based on the WRF model and HYSPLIT4 model， the meteorological causes and potential ozone source areas were analyzed in combination with pollution characteristics and topography， to provide a reference for ozone pollution control in the Loess Plateau of Longdong. The results showed that： 1） On June 24th， the high altitude of Qingyang was behind the trough， and the airflow sank， which was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants. The maximum concentration of O3_8 h reached 174.5 μg/m3 during the day； in the early morning of June 25th， the phenomenon of high O3 concentration occurred， which was mainly influenced by the south wind and downward flow. 2） During the pollution period， the overall concentration of PM2.5 was low， but on June 24th and 25th， the overall concentration of PM2.5 increased， which may be affected by the accelerated photochemical reaction. On June 24th， sufficient NO2 accelerated the local O3 production. 3） According to meteorological factors， the concentration of O3 in Qingyang was most affected by relative humidity， followed by temperature and air pressure. 4） The results of air mass trajectory clustering and potential source analysis show that the regional pollution transmission and local generation in Guanzhong Plain are the main reasons for this ozone pollution in Qingyang， and the pollution transmission contributes more.
In 2022， the number of days with ozone exceeding the standard in Qingyang， the core area of Longdong large-scale energy and chemical base， increased sharply. In this paper， a typical ozone pollution process last from June 23rd to 25th was selected as the case. Based on the WRF model and HYSPLIT4 model， the meteorological causes and potential ozone source areas were analyzed in combination with pollution characteristics and topography， to provide a reference for ozone pollution control in the Loess Plateau of Longdong. The results showed that： 1） On June 24th， the high altitude of Qingyang was behind the trough， and the airflow sank， which was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants. The maximum concentration of O3_8 h reached 174.5 μg/m3 during the day； in the early morning of June 25th， the phenomenon of high O3 concentration occurred， which was mainly influenced by the south wind and downward flow. 2） During the pollution period， the overall concentration of PM2.5 was low， but on June 24th and 25th， the overall concentration of PM2.5 increased， which may be affected by the accelerated photochemical reaction. On June 24th， sufficient NO2 accelerated the local O3 production. 3） According to meteorological factors， the concentration of O3 in Qingyang was most affected by relative humidity， followed by temperature and air pressure. 4） The results of air mass trajectory clustering and potential source analysis show that the regional pollution transmission and local generation in Guanzhong Plain are the main reasons for this ozone pollution in Qingyang， and the pollution transmission contributes more.
2025,
43(10):
255-263.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510028
Abstract:
Highly harmful chlorinated volatile organic pollutants （CVOCs） are often generated during industrial production and waste incineration processes. The catalyst poisoning in the catalytic combustion treatment process of CVOCs has always been a bottleneck problem. Taking chlorobenzene-based CVOCs as the research object， a novel series of Mn-Cr-Zr catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation using Zr-based metal organic framework （UiO-66） as a carrier. The catalytic combustion performance of chlorobenzene and the catalytic structure-activity relationship of the catalyst were investigated in detail. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were characterized and analyzed by XRD， SEM， N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms， and XPS. The surface acidity and redox performance of the catalyst were evaluated by NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. The prepared catalysts effectively solved the problem of generating multiple chlorine by-products during the catalytic oxidation of CVOCs using Mn-based and Cr-based catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic combustion activity of catalyst 40Mn7Cr3-Zr was the best. When the space velocity was 20000 mL/（g·h） and the concentration of chlorobenzene was 1000 mg/m3， the conversion of chlorobenzene reached 90% at 293 ℃. In the long-term stability test at 300 ℃， chlorobenzene was completely converted to CO2， and there was no CO and polychlorinated by-products detected in the product， indicating its good catalytic performance.
Highly harmful chlorinated volatile organic pollutants （CVOCs） are often generated during industrial production and waste incineration processes. The catalyst poisoning in the catalytic combustion treatment process of CVOCs has always been a bottleneck problem. Taking chlorobenzene-based CVOCs as the research object， a novel series of Mn-Cr-Zr catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation using Zr-based metal organic framework （UiO-66） as a carrier. The catalytic combustion performance of chlorobenzene and the catalytic structure-activity relationship of the catalyst were investigated in detail. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were characterized and analyzed by XRD， SEM， N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms， and XPS. The surface acidity and redox performance of the catalyst were evaluated by NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. The prepared catalysts effectively solved the problem of generating multiple chlorine by-products during the catalytic oxidation of CVOCs using Mn-based and Cr-based catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic combustion activity of catalyst 40Mn7Cr3-Zr was the best. When the space velocity was 20000 mL/（g·h） and the concentration of chlorobenzene was 1000 mg/m3， the conversion of chlorobenzene reached 90% at 293 ℃. In the long-term stability test at 300 ℃， chlorobenzene was completely converted to CO2， and there was no CO and polychlorinated by-products detected in the product， indicating its good catalytic performance.
2025,
43(10):
264-274.
doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202510029
Abstract:
Geological carbon dioxide （CO2） storage， as an indispensable key technology for realizing carbon neutrality goals， enables near-zero emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel utilization. However， the prominent issue for geological CO2 storage is the uncertainty of environmental safety. From the perspective of minimizing environmental impacts， deploying a priority development strategy for geological CO2 storage is a core issue of concern to decision-makers. The current proportion of fossil fuel consumption， carbon intensity， and per capita carbon emissions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are all among the top in the country. Conducting research and evaluation on the environmental optimization site selection of geological CO2 storage in Ningxia will provide important references for the development of CCUS technology in Ningxia. This study comprehensively and systematically selected ecological and environmental indicators， took into account the prohibitive elements and obvious restrictive elements， and constructed an evaluation index system and model for environmental optimization site selection of CO2 geological storage in Ningxia. The environmental suitability of geological CO2 storage was determined based on the minimum values of each index factor. Additionally， the least-cost path analysis （LCPA） method was employed to assess point-to-point source-sink matching between CO2 emission sources and geological storage sinks in Ningxia. The suitability evaluation results showed that the Ordos Basin exhibited the highest environmental suitability for geological CO2 storage， with over 38.8% of its area classified as "more suitable" or "suitable"； the Liupan Mountain Basin ranked second in suitability， with 6.0% of its area classified as "more suitable" or "suitable"， while the Yinchuan Basin showed a poor degree of suitability， with 92.5% of its area deemed unsuitable. The source-sink matching results showed that there were minor variations when considering different environmental suitability levels， the overall matching conditions in the Ordos Basin were relatively favorable.
Geological carbon dioxide （CO2） storage， as an indispensable key technology for realizing carbon neutrality goals， enables near-zero emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel utilization. However， the prominent issue for geological CO2 storage is the uncertainty of environmental safety. From the perspective of minimizing environmental impacts， deploying a priority development strategy for geological CO2 storage is a core issue of concern to decision-makers. The current proportion of fossil fuel consumption， carbon intensity， and per capita carbon emissions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are all among the top in the country. Conducting research and evaluation on the environmental optimization site selection of geological CO2 storage in Ningxia will provide important references for the development of CCUS technology in Ningxia. This study comprehensively and systematically selected ecological and environmental indicators， took into account the prohibitive elements and obvious restrictive elements， and constructed an evaluation index system and model for environmental optimization site selection of CO2 geological storage in Ningxia. The environmental suitability of geological CO2 storage was determined based on the minimum values of each index factor. Additionally， the least-cost path analysis （LCPA） method was employed to assess point-to-point source-sink matching between CO2 emission sources and geological storage sinks in Ningxia. The suitability evaluation results showed that the Ordos Basin exhibited the highest environmental suitability for geological CO2 storage， with over 38.8% of its area classified as "more suitable" or "suitable"； the Liupan Mountain Basin ranked second in suitability， with 6.0% of its area classified as "more suitable" or "suitable"， while the Yinchuan Basin showed a poor degree of suitability， with 92.5% of its area deemed unsuitable. The source-sink matching results showed that there were minor variations when considering different environmental suitability levels， the overall matching conditions in the Ordos Basin were relatively favorable.
