Quality and risk characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment plants in central area of Luzhou

LE Jihang; WANG Wenlong; WU Qianyuan; CHEN Zhuo; WU Yinhu; JIA Haifeng; LIU Fanghua; WANG Fang; HU Hongying

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202501015

Volume 43 Issue 1

Mar. 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(1): 135-143

LE Jihang, WANG Wenlong, WU Qianyuan, CHEN Zhuo, WU Yinhu, JIA Haifeng, LIU Fanghua, WANG Fang, HU Hongying. Quality and risk characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment plants in central area of Luzhou[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(1): 135-143. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202501015

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LE Jihang, WANG Wenlong, WU Qianyuan, CHEN Zhuo, WU Yinhu, JIA Haifeng, LIU Fanghua, WANG Fang, HU Hongying. Quality and risk characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment plants in central area of Luzhou[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(1): 135-143. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202501015

Citation:

LE Jihang, WANG Wenlong, WU Qianyuan, CHEN Zhuo, WU Yinhu, JIA Haifeng, LIU Fanghua, WANG Fang, HU Hongying. Quality and risk characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment plants in central area of Luzhou[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(1): 135-143. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202501015

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Quality and risk characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment plants in central area of Luzhou

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202501015

1. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Luzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Luzhou 646000, China;
4. Luzhou City Landscape and Greening Service Centre, Luzhou 646000, China

Received Date: 2023-06-03
Accepted Date: 2023-10-30
Rev Recd Date: 2023-08-10

Available Online: 2025-03-21

Publish Date: 2025-03-21

Abstract

Abstract

Luzhou is located in the southwestern hilly region of China, and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not only important parts of urban water pollution control, but also important sources of pollutants in natural water bodies. Understanding the quality characteristics of effluent from the WWTPs in Luzhou is crucial for protecting the water quality of the Yangtze River. This study systematically examined the conventional water quality indicators of the incoming and outgoing water from five municipal WWTPs in Luzhou, which were chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP), and further compared them with the surface water quality of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the water quality of China’s domestic wastewater treatment plants. The analysis employed a multi-factor assessment method to evaluate the risk of eutrophication in the effluent, alongside the use of EPA Method 1694, to assess the detection frequency, concentration levels, and risk quotients of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) present in the tailwater. The findings indicated that TP concentrations in the effluent from these WWTPs failed to meet the Class Ⅲ surface water quality standards in most cases, with a probability of exceeding ranging from 64.3% to 100%, compared to median levels observed at wastewater treatment plants across China. Consequently, TP was identified as a significant contaminant among conventional pollutants. In the investigation, it was discovered that all five WWTPs grappled with inadequate carbon sources during their denitrification processes. The tailwater was at high risk of eutrophication, and the increasing load of TP pollution entering the Yangtze River ecosystem cannot be ignored. Furthermore, 13 PPCPs were detected in the tailwater, and two of them were identified as posing medium to high ecological risks. Specifically, sulfadiazine was categorized as a high-risk PPCP, while sulfamethoxazole was classified as medium risk. The remaining assessed PPCPs were deemed to present low ecological risks. In terms of the two key pollutants, TP and PPCPs, several targeted recommendations were proposed for enhancing the wastewater treatment processes in Luzhou. First, an appropriate increase was advocated in the dosage of polyferric sulfate (PFS), alongside a transition from type D filters to type Ⅴ filters, to improve the efficiency of phosphorus removal from the effluent. Second, ozone treatment and activated carbon were recommended into the treatment process. These additions were expected to effectively address and remove PPCPs that are resistant to conventional treatment methods. These research insights underscored the pressing need for improvements across the municipal wastewater treatment systems of Luzhou. Implementing the recommended changes will probably lead to a significant reduction in the ecological risks associated with TP and PPCPs, assuring that the quality of the effluent aligns with environmental standards.
- upper reaches of the Yangtze River,
- wastewater treatment plant,
- quality and risk characteristics,
- total phosphorus,
- PPCPs

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References

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