Investigation on removal of Cl<sup>-</sup> from reclaimed water using TiO<sub>2</sub> and PANI co-modified ACF electrodes

WANG Yue; LIANG Meisheng; CHEN Yuhang; YE Cuiping; CHEN Yichen

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202505006

Volume 43 Issue 5

May 2025

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Article Navigation > ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING > 2025 > 43(5): 46-56

WANG Yue, LIANG Meisheng, CHEN Yuhang, YE Cuiping, CHEN Yichen. Investigation on removal of Cl- from reclaimed water using TiO2 and PANI co-modified ACF electrodes[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(5): 46-56. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202505006

Citation:

WANG Yue, LIANG Meisheng, CHEN Yuhang, YE Cuiping, CHEN Yichen. Investigation on removal of Cl^- from reclaimed water using TiO₂ and PANI co-modified ACF electrodes[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(5): 46-56. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202505006

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Investigation on removal of Cl^- from reclaimed water using TiO₂ and PANI co-modified ACF electrodes

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202505006

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

Received Date: 2024-03-03
Accepted Date: 2024-05-18
Rev Recd Date: 2024-05-30

Available Online: 2025-09-11

Abstract

Abstract

Electro-adsorption technology is often used to remove low concentrations of chloride ions from reclaimed water. However， unmodified activated carbon fibers （ACF） electrodes exhibite a low chloride ion （Cl^-） removal rate due to their weak electro-adsorption capacity. In this study， modified ACF electrodes were prepared using two specific methods， namely the sol-gel method （with TiO₂） and the in-situ polymerization method （with PANI），to enhance the performance of the ACF electrodes. Subsequently， a comprehensive investigation was carried out to study the electro-adsorption performance of these modified ACF electrodes in removing Cl^- from simulated reclaimed water. Moreover， the regeneration performance of these electrodes was also explored under diverse conditions. This dual focus on both electro-adsorption and regeneration aimed to evaluate the overall feasibility and practicality of using these modified electrodes in actual reclaimed water treatment scenarios.The experimental results were quite remarkable. It was found that under specific conditions， which included the use of 5 pairs of electrode plates， a plate spacing of 2 mm， an applied voltage of 2 V， and an initial Cl^-concentration of 120 mg/L， the removal rate of Cl^- by the modified electrode in simulated reclaimed water reached an impressive 96.25%. Even in actual reclaimed water， the removal rate was as high as 80.42%. These figures clearly demonstrated the enhanced efficacy of the modified electrodes compared to their unmodified counterparts. Furthermore， based on X-ray diffraction （XRD）， scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， an in-depth discussion was conducted on Cl^-removal mechanism by the PANI@TiO₂/ACF electrode. It was proved that the co-modification of TiO₂and PANI on the ACF electrode played a vital role in enhancing various electrode properties. Specifically， it significantly enhanced both the electrical conductivity and physical adsorption capacity of the electrode. As a direct consequence of these improvements， the electro-adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of the modified electrode were observably enhanced. This showcases the potential of these modified electrodes in improving the removal of Cl^- from reclaimed water， but also provides data and theoriotic reference for future industrial applications of electro-adsorption technology.
- electro-adsorption,
- reclaimed water,
- removal of chloride ions,
- modified activated carbon fibers,
- modified with TiO₂

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