Optimization of sedimentation characteristics and flocculation effects of suspended sediment under electric field action

WU Miao; BAI Wenwen; LIU Yifeng

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

Volume 43 Issue 6

Jun. 2025

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WU Miao, BAI Wenwen, LIU Yifeng. Optimization of sedimentation characteristics and flocculation effects of suspended sediment under electric field action[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(6): 154-165. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

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WU Miao, BAI Wenwen, LIU Yifeng. Optimization of sedimentation characteristics and flocculation effects of suspended sediment under electric field action[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING , 2025, 43(6): 154-165. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

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Optimization of sedimentation characteristics and flocculation effects of suspended sediment under electric field action

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202506016

Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers of Ministry of Water Resources, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received Date: 2024-09-14
Accepted Date: 2024-11-10
Rev Recd Date: 2024-10-15

Abstract

Abstract

Developing and utilizing unconventional water resources—rainwater resources，is an important way to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand. Electric flocculation can significantly accelerate sediment settling， improve water quality in a short period， and avoid the problem of low efficiency in rainwater utilization caused by long natural flocculation time. Indoor experiments were designed to investigate the effects of current density， electrode spacing， initial sediment concentration， and reaction time on sediment settling. The turbidity removal efficiency and floc particle size energy consumption were selected as evaluation indicators， and 128 sets of experiments were completed. Response surface methodology was used to verify and optimize parameter combinations. The results showed that， according to the distribution of sediment and changes in turbidity in the solution， the reaction time of 0 to 10 minutes was the early stage of flocculation， and the removal of sediment particles mainly relied on natural sedimentation. The reaction time of 20 to 40 minutes was the late stage of flocculation， during which the aluminum acid complex adsorbed and combined with sediment particles， dominating the coagulation and sedimentation of small sediment particles. When the current density was low （10 A/m²）， the turbidity removal efficiency increased slowly， whereas at a high current density （40 A/m²）， the turbidity removal efficiency initially increased rapidly and then decreased. When the initial sediment concentration was low （1 g/L）， the turbidity removal efficiency was low， and the electrocoagulation effect was not fully performed. However， when the initial sediment concentration was high （3 g/L）， the turbidity removal efficiency also remained low， because excessive sediment led to insufficient floc formation. The bubbles generated by electrolysis increased the probability of contact between aluminum acid complexes and particles. In addition， the ratio of aluminum acid complexes to sediment concentration was the main factor affecting the flocculation effect. This was particularly evident when the current density exceeded 10 A/m² and the electrolysis time reached 20 to 25 minutes， the flocculation effect was improvedmost significantly. Response surface methodology optimization showed that under the operating conditions of a current density of 30 A/m²， an initial concentration of 2.4 g/L， and a reaction time of 37 minutes， the turbidity removal efficiency in sediment solution by electrocoagulation reached 91.28%. The treatment cost was 0.02 yuan per ton of water， with a power consumption of 0.06 kW·h. This study provides valuable references for the design and application of electrocoagulation and rainwater resource utilization systems.
- electrocoagulation,
- sediment,
- particle size,
- single-factor method,
- response surface optimization

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