基于地理探测器的污染地块重金属空间分异及其影响因素研究

陈芳焱; 周启刚; 何国军; 李辉; 张晓媛; 夏玉松

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202504008

基于地理探测器的污染地块重金属空间分异及其影响因素研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504008

陈芳焱¹,
周启刚^2,3, ,,
何国军⁴,
李辉⁵,
张晓媛⁵,
夏玉松¹

1. 重庆工商大学环境与资源学院,重庆 400067;
2. 重庆工商大学公共管理学院,重庆 400067;
3. 生态环境数据挖掘与集成应用重庆市重点实验室,重庆 401320;
4. 重庆汇天环保工程有限公司,重庆 400020;
5. 重庆财经学院,重庆 401320

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目“西南粮食主产区生态安全屏障构建及实现路径研究”（22XJY006）；重庆市自科基金面上项目（cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0493）；重庆市自科基金面上项目（cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0582）；重庆市高校创新研究群体（CXQT20029）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈芳焱（2001-），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为环境规划与管理。1724330081@qq.com

通讯作者:
周启刚（1976-），男，教授，主要研究方向为理论与土地利用研究。zqg1050@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-23
- 录用日期: 2024-09-09
- 修回日期: 2024-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-01

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of heavy metals in contaminated plots based on geographical detectors

1. College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
2. College of Public Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Data Mining and Integrated Application, Chongqing 401320, China;
4. Chongqing Huitian Environmental Protection Limited Company, Chongqing 400020, China;
5. Chongqing Finance and Economic College, Chongqing 401320, China

摘要

摘要: 为探明重庆某钢铁厂区搬迁遗留污染地块中土壤重金属污染状况，基于网格化与专业判断采集262个采样点共计1427个样本，取其均值为采样点数值。运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数对研究区土壤污染现状进行评价，并运用地理探测器对土壤污染空间分异影响因素进行分析。结果表明：1）As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb均值分别为8.18，0.47，49.46，0.24，29.37，63.98，8.98 mg/kg，除Ni外与背景值相比均超标，且为强变异性；空间分布上差异大，富集区沿工业利用高发区分布。2）土壤重金属内梅罗综合污染指数P均值达5.46，为重度污染，污染严重，研究区中部重金属综合污染指数较东西部大。3）因子探测结果显示，距水源距离对污染分布的解释力最强（P_D，H=0.14），坡度解释力最弱（P_D，H=0.01）。交互探测显示，研究区重金属污染分布受多种因素综合影响，以距水源距离 ∩ pH值（P_D，H=0.28）组合影响最大，距道路距离 ∩ 坡度（P_D，H=0.05）组合影响力最小。研究表明，污染地块重金属富集程度存在差异性，主要受地理位置和工业活动等因素影响，为后续污染治理提供了重要依据。
- 土壤重金属 /
- 地理探测器 /
- 污染特征 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: In order to explore the heavy metal pollution status of soil in the leftover contaminated plots of an iron and steel plant area relocation in Chongqing， 1427 samples were collected from 262 sampling points based on gridding and professional judgment， and the mean values of the indexes were taken as the values of the sampling points.The current status of soil pollution in the study area was evaluated using the single factor pollution index and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index， and the spatial differentiation of soil pollution influencing factors was analyzed by using geo-detectors. The results showed that：1） the average values of As， Cd， Cu， Hg， Ni， and Pb were 8.18， 0.47， 49.46， 0.24， 29.37， 63.98， 8.98 mg/kg， respectively， and all of them exceeded the standard compared with the background values except for Ni， with strong variability； the spatial distribution varied greatly， and the enriched areas were distributed along the areas with high incidence of industrial utilization. 2）the mean value of soil heavy metal Nemero comprehensive pollution index （P） amounted to 5.46， which was heavily polluted， and the plots were seriously polluted， and the P values of heavy metals in the central part of the study area was larger than that in the eastern and western parts. 3）the factor detection showed that distance from the water source had the strongest explanatory power for pollution distribution （P_D，H=0.14） and slope had the weakest explanatory power （P_D，H=0.01）. The interaction detection showed that the distribution of heavy metal pollution in the study area was influenced by a combination of factors， with the combination of distance from the water source ∩ pH （P_D，H=0.28） having the strongest influence， and the combination of distance from road ∩ slope （P_D，H=0.05） having the least influence.The study showed that there was variability in heavy metal enrichment degree in polluted sites， which was mainly affected by various factors such as geographic location and industrial activities， and provided an important basis for subsequent pollution management.
- heavy metals of soil /
- geographical detector /
- contamination characteristics /
- influencing factors

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1 研究区采样点分布

1. Distribution of sampling sites in the study area

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2 土壤重金属含量空间分布

2. Spatial distribution of heavy metal content in soil

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3 研究区综合污染指数空间分布

3. Spatial distribution of comprehensive pollution indexes in the study area

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4 研究区土壤重金属污染影响因素的空间分布

4. Spatial distribution of factors affecting heavy metal pollution of soil in the study area

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5 空间分异影响因素的因子影响力

5. Factor influence of spatial differentiation influencing factors

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1 土壤重金属污染等级划分标准

1. Classification standards for heavy metal pollution of soil

分级	单因子污染指数分级标准		综合污染指数分级标准
分级	污染指数	污染等级	污染指数	污染等级
1级	P_i ≤1	无污染	P≤0.7	清洁
2级	1<P_i ≤2	轻度污染	0.7<P≤1	警戒尚清洁
3级	2<P_i ≤3	中度污染	1<P≤2	轻度污染
4级	P_i >3	重度污染	2<P≤3	中度污染
5级			P>3	重度污染

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2 因子间交互作用的类型和判断依据

2. Types of factor interactions and basis of judgment

交互作用类型	判断依据
双因子增强	PD,H(X1⋂X2)>Max(PD,H(X1),PD,H(X2))
非线性增强	PD,H(X1⋂X2)>PD,H(X1)+PD,H(X2)
独立	PD,H(X1⋂X2)=PD,H(X1)+PD,H(X2)
非线性减弱	PD,H(X1⋂X2)<Min(PD,H(X1),PD,H(X2))
单因子非线性减弱	Min(PD,H(X1),PD,H(X2))<PD,H(X1⋂X2)<Max(PD,H(X1),PD,H(X2))

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3 研究区土壤重金属描述性统计结果

3. Descriptive statistical results of heavy metals of soil in the study area

重金属	As	Cd	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	pH
最大值	142.77	6.14	515.43	5.93	142.43	644.40	26.00
最小值	1.45	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	7.19
中位数	5.84	0.24	36.27	0.08	28.00	35.56	9.00
均值	8.18	0.47	49.46	0.24	29.37	63.98	8.98
变异系数	1.47	1.60	1.20	2.52	0.45	1.90	0.17
重庆市土壤背景值	5.82	0.13	23.83	0.05	30.65	43.34	—
注：pH无量纲，除变异系数外，其他重金属参数单位均为mg/kg。

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4 土壤重金属单因子与内梅罗指数评价结果

4. Evaluation results of soil heavy metal single factor and Nemero index table

重金属	单因子指数Pi			不同污染程度占比/%
重金属	最大值	最小值	平均值	无污染	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
As	24.53	0.25	1.40	48.47	38.55	7.64	5.34
Cd	47.25	0.00	3.57	33.21	18.7	11.45	36.64
Cu	21.63	0.00	2.07	14.5	56.49	16.41	12.6
Hg	118.57	0.04	4.74	27.1	35.5	14.12	23.28
Ni	4.65	0.00	0.95	61.83	37.02	0.39	0.76
Pb	14.87	0.00	1.47	58.78	21.37	11.45	8.4

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5 土壤重金属综合污染指数结果

5. Results of soil heavy metal comprehensive pollution index

综合污染指数（P）				不同污染程度占比/%
最大值	最小值	平均值		清洁	警戒尚清洁	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
85.70	0.64	5.46		0.76	4.58	33.21	16.03	45.42

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6 不同影响因子间交互作用的解释力

6. Explanatory power of interactions between different influencing factors

	x1	x2	x3	x4	x5	x6	x7
x1	0.07
x2	0.18	0.10
x3	0.23	0.19	0.04
x4	0.14^a	0.14	0.14	0.08
x5	0.13	0.13	0.09	0.10	0.01
x6	0.25	0.21	0.17^a	0.20^a	0.18	0.14
x7	0.21	0.23	0.19	0.15	0.09	0.28	0.07
注：a表示数据为双因子增强；下划线表示数据为非线性增强。

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