给水厂污泥基功能材料的制备及其污染物吸附应用研究

刘可盈; 王晶晶; 凌子琛; 龚旭东; 王泓; 杨东海; 院士杰; 戴晓虎

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202504013

给水厂污泥基功能材料的制备及其污染物吸附应用研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202504013

同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海 200092

基金项目:

上海市2021年度“科技创新行动计划科技支撑碳达峰碳中和”专项（第一批）项目（21DZ1210003）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘可盈（2001-），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为有机固废处理与资源化利用。liukeying19@163.com

通讯作者:
院士杰（1984-），男，副研究员，主要研究方向为污泥及有机固废处理与资源化。ysj@tongji.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-15
- 录用日期: 2024-12-19
- 修回日期: 2024-11-12
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-01

Preparation of functional materials based on drinking water treatment residue and their application in pollutants adsorption

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 随着我国城乡居民生活用水规模的持续增加，给水厂污泥的产量也呈现快速增长趋势。在“双碳”背景下，给水厂污泥也面临着从传统“处理处置”向“资源化利用”转化的新挑战。回顾了近年来给水厂污泥基功能材料的制备方法，分析制备方法对其结构和吸附性能的影响，明确其主要吸附活性位点的来源和产生机制，并进一步讨论给水厂污泥基功能材料在用于污染物吸附过程中所面临的局限和挑战。结果表明，给水厂污泥自身固有的Al、Fe等无机物既能够作为污染物吸附的活性位点，也能够作为复合功能材料的合成框架促进污染物的吸附；热解、活化和复合虽然能够进一步提高给水厂污泥基功能材料的吸附性能，但会不可避免地造成成本增加，这也是给水厂污泥基功能材料面临的主要挑战。因此，建议通过生命周期评价和成本效益分析，结合机器学习等人工智能模拟，为给水厂污泥基功能材料的制备和吸附性能的优化及应用提供指导，从而促进“双碳”背景下给水厂污泥的低碳资源化回收利用。
- 给水厂污泥 /
- 功能材料 /
- 制备方法 /
- 吸附 /
- 污染物
Abstract: With the rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization， the urban water consumption population in China has been continuously increasing. While traditional water treatment processes ensure the safety of drinking water， they also generate tens of millions of cubic meters of drinking water treatment residues （DWTR） annually. Compared to wastewater treatment sludge， the disposal of DWTR has received relatively less attention in research and practice. Therefore， the environmentally friendly treatment and resource utilization of DWTR deserve greater attention. This paper aims to review recent advances in preparation methods of DWTR-based functional materials， analyzes the influence of these methods on their structure and adsorption properties， identifies the sources and mechanisms of their primary adsorption active sites， and discusses the limitations and challenges faced by DWTR-based functional materials for pollutant adsorption. The findings indicated that the inherent inorganic substances， such as Al and Fe， in DWTR not only served as active sites for pollutant adsorption but also provided structural frameworks for the synthesis of composite functional materials， thereby enhancing pollutant adsorption. While techniques such as pyrolysis， activation， and compounding could improve the adsorption performance of DWTR-based functional materials， they also led to increased cost， presenting a big challenge for widespread application. Therefore， this paper proposes to provide guidance for the preparation of DWTR-based functional materials and the optimization of their adsorption properties through life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis， integrated with machine learning simulations. Furthermore， future research should aim to expand the scope of targeted pollutants or focus on the high-value recycling of DWTR resources， thereby achieving low-carbon recycling and sustainable utilization of DWTR-based materials in the context of the “Dual Carbon” goals.
- drinking water treatment residue /
- functional materials /
- preparation method /
- adsorption /
- pollutant

HTML全文

1 给水厂污泥基功能材料制备及对污染物吸附的应用

1. Preparation of DWTR-based functional materials and their application in pollutants adsorption

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2 给水厂污泥的主要来源

2. Schematic diagram of the primary sources of DWTR

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3 给水厂污泥吸附材料对污染物的吸附去除机理

3. Adsorption and removal mechanisms of pollutants by DWTR-based functional materials

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1 给水厂污泥基功能材料的制备方法及其影响

1. Preparation and effect of DWTR-based functional materials

制备方法	材料特征	用途	参考文献
热解/水热	比表面积较原污泥增大，水热比热解处理后的比表面积更大；热解炭零电位点较高，在酸性条件下有利于对阴离子的吸附	吸附Pb(Ⅱ)、P	[28]
煅烧、造粒	500 ℃以下煅烧，有机物去除形成多孔结构，无定形形态，吸附性能更佳；500 ℃以上煅烧，Al₂O₃变为结晶状，吸附降低	吸附As(V)	[33]
热解、酸浸、负载N-Fe-Si	孔隙增加、孔容增大，比表面积增加，吸附效率和容量增加	吸附、催化降解染料	[29]
热解、酸浸、负载铁	表面粗糙，比表面积增大，负载有金属颗粒，具有高吸附容量和表面能，零电位点改变，能在更宽pH范围内吸附阴离子	吸附氟化物	[20]
液相还原法	负载有纳米零价铁，吸附能力强	吸附As(Ⅲ)、As(V)	[34]
高升温速率热解	抗压强度略高，可替代复合水泥原材料	建筑材料	[35]

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2 给水厂污泥基功能材料对氮磷吸附效果及机制

2. Adsorption effects and mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus by DWTR-based functional materials

制备方法	对氮磷的吸附效果	主要机制	功能材料	文献
煅烧：400，700 ℃下煅烧1 h	最大去除率99%	化学吸附	石灰污泥炭	[49]
铈改性：共沉淀法进行铈改性，与海藻酸钠混合制备水凝胶珠	最大吸附量16.72 mg/g	静电吸引、配体交换、内圈配位	多孔铈改性铝污泥水凝胶微球（Ce-AlS-SA）	[16]
水热、镧改性：在氯化镧溶液（pH为 11）中以170，210，250 ℃反应3，6，9 h	最大吸附量72.69 mg/g	静电吸引、配体交换、内圈配位	镧改性含铝污泥材料	[22]
金属改性：共沉淀法在弱碱性条件下进行金属改性	最大吸附量12.49 mg/g	静电吸引、配体交换、氢键作用	金属改性含铝污泥材料	[43]
煅烧：100~600 ℃下煅烧2 h	最大吸附量7.27 mg/g	静电吸引、内圈配位	含铝污泥炭	[17]
盐改性、煅烧：NaCl改性后煅烧，再与海藻酸钠混合制备水凝胶珠	脱氮：去除率95.14%,最大吸附量2.52 mg/g,除磷：去除率98.31%,最大吸附量6.45 mg/g	脱氮：离子交换和羟基络合除磷：配体交换	改性水处理残留物-海藻酸钠珠	[50]
造粒：将给水厂污泥、水泥、膨润土、沸石和粉煤灰混合造粒	最大吸附量40 mg/g	沉淀作用、配体交换	新型饮用水处理污泥复合基质	[51]
煅烧、造粒：与膨润土混合，挤出颗粒，400 ℃煅烧3 h	最大吸附量11.72 mg/g	络合作用	铝污泥低品位木炭颗粒	[52]
煅烧、碱浸、钇负载：700 ℃煅烧4 h后碱浸，再通过浸渍法负载钇	最大吸附量319.76 mg/g	静电吸引、内圈配位	煅烧-碱浸泡-钇负载改性饮用水处理残留物	[21]
煅烧、碱浸： 500 ℃煅烧3 h后碱浸	去除率55%，最大吸附量预测值1.403 mg/g	离子交换	含铝污泥炭	[40]

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3 给水厂污泥基功能材料对重金属及其他污染物的吸附性能及作用机制

3. Adsorption effects and mechanisms of heavy metals and other pollutants by DWTR-based functional materials

污染物	制备方法	污染物	吸附容量/（mg/g）	作用机制	文献
重金属	煅烧：300 ℃煅烧24 h	As(V)	51.8	静电吸引、化学吸附	[59]
	造粒、煅烧：与膨润土混合造粒后400 ℃煅烧3 h	As(V)	13.5	化学吸附	[60]
	共热解：与稻草在800 ℃下共热解0.5 h	Pb(Ⅱ)	83.8	离子交换、络合作用	[27]
	煅烧：500 ℃煅烧2 h	Ni(Ⅱ)	156	—	[55]
	煅烧：500 ℃煅烧2 h	Cd(Ⅱ)	182	—	[55]
	热活化、溶胶-凝胶法：热活化后在700 ℃下煅烧4 h，再加载NiO	Cd(Ⅱ)	160.1	静电吸引、离子交换	[15]
	煅烧：500 ℃煅烧4 h	Cu(Ⅱ)	35.5	—	[61]
	改性：纳米CaSiO₃改性	Cu(Ⅱ)	19.6	络合作用	[58]
	热解、改性：300~700 ℃热解后聚苯胺改性	Cr(Ⅵ)	52	静电吸引	[24]
	锌改性、热解：与中药渣、ZnCl₂混合后400 ℃热解3 h	Cr(Ⅵ)	28.3	静电吸引、离子交换	[23]
染料	热解：与核桃壳粉浸渍混合后900 ℃热解2 h	MB	20.0	化学吸附	[62]
	热解：与双氰胺在800 ℃热解1.5 h	MB	190.8	静电吸引、π —π共轭、氢键	[29]
	热解：与稻壳粉混合后550 ℃热解40 min	MB	64.9	化学吸附	[63]
	热解、酸活化：400~900 ℃热解1 h酸活化	MB	68.9	静电吸引	[64]
	热解：与稻壳或稻壳生物炭混合后550 ℃热解2h	MB	2.5	离子交换	[65]
	铁改性、煅烧：与硝酸铁浸渍后在300 ℃煅烧2h	MB	46.7	静电吸引	[66]
	煅烧：600 ℃煅烧2 h	酸性红97	4957.0	静电吸引	[67]
	煅烧：400 ℃煅烧2 h	活性蓝	6.5	离子交换	[68]
	造粒、煅烧：与木炭、膨润土混合造粒后400℃煅烧3 h	刚果红	116.4	静电吸引、π—π共轭、氢键	[52]
	铁改性、煅烧：与硝酸铁浸渍后在300℃煅烧2h	活性蓝19	40.7	静电吸引	[66]
抗生素	造粒、煅烧：与木炭、膨润土混合造粒后400 ℃煅烧3 h	四环素	58.5	离子交换、络合作用、π—π共轭、氢键	[52]
	热活化：与芦苇混合后用ZnCl₂在600 ℃下活化50 min	四环素	153.4	静电吸引、络合作用、氢键	[69]
	水热、热解：200 ℃下水热6 h后在800 ℃下热解活化2 h	磺胺	55.4	疏水作用，π—π共轭，静电吸引	[70]
		磺胺嘧啶	124.3
		磺胺甲唑	154.7
		磺胺甲恶唑	157.3
氟化物	热解：400 ℃ ，4 h	氟化物	1.38	物理吸附、配体交换、静电吸引	[71]
氟化物	共热解：与稻草在800 ℃下共热解0.5 h	氟化物	15.2	静电吸引、络合作用	[27]

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