电力生命周期碳足迹核算方法综述

张涵; 陈玉敏; 刘洪英; 李富祥; 魏阳; 向思静; 蒋小谦; 常政威

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202508024

电力生命周期碳足迹核算方法综述

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202508024

张涵^1,6,
陈玉敏^1,6,
刘洪英^2,,
李富祥^1,6,
魏阳^1,6,
向思静³,
蒋小谦⁴,
常政威^5,

1. 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院, 成都 610041;
2. 天府永兴实验室, 成都 610213;
3. 中国大唐集团绿色低碳发展有限公司, 成都 610020;
4. 世界资源研究所, 北京 100027;
5. 国网四川省电力公司, 成都 610041;
6. 新型电力系统安全与运行四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041

基金项目:

四川省科技计划软科学项目

详细信息

作者简介:
张涵（1993—），男，博士，主要研究方向为电碳协同、电力大数据分析。zhangh9743@163.com

通讯作者:
刘洪英（1991—），女，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为全生命周期环境影响评价与碳足迹。974366848@qq.com；常政威（1981—），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为能源电力可持续发展和规模化工程应用。changzw@126.com

刘洪英（1991—），女，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为全生命周期环境影响评价与碳足迹。974366848@qq.com；常政威（1981—），男，博士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为能源电力可持续发展和规模化工程应用。changzw@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-23
- 录用日期: 2025-07-21
- 修回日期: 2025-06-28

A review of life cycle carbon footprint accounting methodologies for power generation

1. State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu 610213, China;
3. China Datang Low-Carbon & Green Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610020, China;
4. World Resources Institute, Beijing 100027, China;
5. State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610041, China;
6. Power System Security and Operation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 电力系统作为国家能源体系的核心，在实现碳达峰与碳中和目标中发挥着关键支撑作用。由于其产业链条长、环节复杂，电力行业碳排放呈现出明显的阶段性与结构性特征。生命周期碳足迹核算方法通过追踪从资源开采到终端使用全过程的温室气体排放，为识别和优化碳减排路径提供了理论依据与数据支撑。基于碳足迹基本原理，系统梳理了电源侧及电力系统各典型碳排放环节，比较分析了过程分析法、投入产出法与混合方法的适用场景及优劣。进一步评估了ecoinvent、Sphera和国际能源署（IEA）等中外主流数据库及机构在电力碳足迹分析中的应用特点，并从系统边界设定、模型结构、数据来源等维度开展对比研究。在此基础上，结合多能互补发展、区域适应性提升、数据精细化处理与核算标准体系建设等关键方向，展望了电力生命周期碳足迹核算的未来发展路径。研究成果可为电力行业碳排放精细化管理提供技术支撑，也为绿色低碳政策制定与技术路径选择提供决策参考。
- 电力 /
- 生命周期 /
- 碳足迹 /
- 电源侧 /
- 用户侧
Abstract: As a core component of the national energy system， the power system plays a pivotal role in achieving the Dual Carbon Goals. Due to its long industrial chain and complex processes， the carbon emissions of the power industry exhibit distinct phase and structural characteristics. The life-cycle carbon footprint accounting method， which tracks greenhouse gas emissions throughout the entire process from resource extraction to end use， provides a theoretical foundation and data support for systematically identifying and optimizing carbon reduction pathways. Based on the fundamental concept of carbon footprint， this paper systematically reviewed typical carbon emission links on the power generation side and across the entire power system， and compared the application scenarios， advantages， and limitations of process analysis methods， input-output methods， and hybrid methods. Additionally， it evaluated the application features of mainstream databases and accounting tools such as ecoinvent， Sphera， and the International Energy Agency （IEA） in the analysis of power carbon footprints， conducted comparative analysis in terms of system boundary definition， model structure， and data sources. On this basis， in conjunction with key directions such as the development of multi-energy complementarity， the enhancement of regional adaptability， the refinement of data processing， and the establishment of accounting standard systems， this paper anticipated the future development direction of life-cycle carbon footprint accounting in the power system. The research findings can provide technical support for the refined management of carbon emissions in the power industry and offer decision-making references for the formulation of green and low-carbon policies and the selection of low-carbon technologies.
- electric power /
- life cycle /
- carbon footprint /
- power generation side /
- demand side

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