基于宏基因组学的污水处理系统中致病细菌群落分布及特征

王昱程; 苏志国; 李菲菲; 温东辉

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202509010

基于宏基因组学的污水处理系统中致病细菌群落分布及特征

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202509010

1. 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871;
2. 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084;
3. 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江嘉兴 314006

基金项目:

浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”科技计划项目“典型区域重点行业工业废水新污染物风险防控与绿色低碳治理技术应用研究”（2025C02217）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“近岸环境中陆源难降解有机碳胁迫下的微生物碳氮循环耦合机制”（52170185）；国家自然科学基金青年项目“受污染近海环境中的噬菌体多样性及其所携耐药组特征研究”（52300243）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王昱程（2003—），男，本科生，主要研究方向为环境微生物生态。2200013527@stu.pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
温东辉（1967—），女，教授，主要研究方向为水污染控制与环境生物技术。dhwen@pku.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-01

Distribution and characteristics of pathogenic bacterial communities in wastewater treatment systems based on metagenomics

1. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China

摘要

摘要: 微生物，尤其是细菌，在污水处理工艺中起到至关重要的作用。污水处理厂排水也向水环境中释放细菌，致病细菌产生的健康风险不容忽视。聚焦于4个不同类型的污水处理系统，分别采集进水、二沉池出水（生物处理后）和最终出水（化学处理后）样品，对水样理化性质、细菌群落构成特征和影响因素进行分析。群落结构分析结果表明：非致病菌群落的α和β多样性在污水处理过程中均未发生显著变化，96%的物种存在于所有点位；最终出水的致病菌群落Shannon多样性较进水显著降低；不同污水处理系统的致病菌群落动态存在差异，部分致病菌种的相对丰度在出水处上升。共现网络分析结果表明：非致病菌群落高丰度物种与抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）存在较强的共现关系，而致病菌中则是部分低丰度物种与ARGs存在相对更强的共现关系。进水群落受到COD、TN、TP等污染因子的影响较多，二沉池和最终出水群落则主要受到pH的影响，其中，致病菌群落受pH的影响显著。研究结果揭示了不同污水处理厂细菌群落的沿程分布和特征，并指出污水处理厂外排致病菌对受纳环境的潜在健康风险。
- 污水处理厂 /
- 生物处理法 /
- 宏基因组 /
- 致病菌 /
- 健康风险
Abstract: Microorganisms， especially bacteria， play a crucial role in wastewater treatment processes. However， effluent from wastewater treatment plants releases bacteria， especially pathogenic bacteria， into the water environment. The health risks are a hidden danger that cannot be ignored. This study focuses on four different types of wastewater treatment systems， collected samples from influent， effluent from secondary sedimentation tanks （after biological treatment）， final effluent （after chemical treatment）， and conducted analysis of the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structures， as well as the influencing factors of the water samples. Community structure analysis showed that the Alpha and Beta diversity of non-pathogenic bacterial communities did not undergo significant changes during the wastewater treatment process， with 96% of total species present at all sites. The Shannon index of the pathogenic community in the effluent significantly reduced compared to the influent. In different wastewater treatment systems， the dynamics of pathogenic bacterial communities vary， and the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria increases in the effluent. The co-occurrence network shows that species with higher abundance in non-pathogenic communities have a stronger co-occurrence relationship with antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs）， while species with relatively lower abundance in pathogens have a relatively stronger co-occurrence relationship with ARGs. The influent community is more affected by pollution factors such as COD， total nitrogen， and total phosphorus， while the communities in the secondary sedimentation tanks and the effluents are affected by pH value. The pathogenic bacterial community is significantly affected by pH value. This study comprehensively reveals the distribution and characteristics of bacterial communities along the treatment processes of different wastewater treatment plants， indicating the potential health risks of pathogenic bacteria discharged to the receiving environment.
- wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） /
- biological treatment process /
- metagenomics /
- pathogenic bacteria /
- heath risk

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