MBBR及IFAS工艺中功能性生物膜挂膜/驯化影响因素的研究进展

江乐勇; 王宇萌; 孙事昊; 邢亿园; 赵福兵; 王博; 彭永臻

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202509011

MBBR及IFAS工艺中功能性生物膜挂膜/驯化影响因素的研究进展

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202509011

1. 信开环境投资有限公司, 北京 101101;
2. 北京工业大学城镇污水处理与资源化利用技术国家工程实验室, 北京 100024;
3. 海口龙华信开水务有限公司, 海口 570100

基金项目:

北京市通州区科技创新人才自主项目“旁路生物膜装置强化污水生化处理脱氮性能技术研发”（JCQN2023003）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“功能性载体强化厌氧氨氧化/反硝化耦合污泥发酵工艺机理及调控策略”（22176007）；国家重点研发计划“主流城市污水部分厌氧氨氧化技术过程调控策略”（2021YFC3200605-02）

详细信息

作者简介:
江乐勇（1981—），博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为城市水污染控制与水环境治理。jiangleyong@sdic.com.cn

通讯作者:
孙事昊（1991—），博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为城市污水脱氮除磷与生物除臭。ssh_fire@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-01

Research progress on factors influencing functional biofilm attachment and domestication in MBBR and IFAS systems

1. Xinkai Environment Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 101101, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China;
3. Haikou Longhua Xinkai Water Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China

摘要

摘要: 功能性生物膜指在移动床生物膜工艺（moving bed biofilm reactor，MBBR）、生物膜/活性污泥组合工艺（integrated fixed activated sludge，IFAS）等生物膜工艺中发挥强化硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化等某一种或组合功能的生物膜，挂膜、驯化和功能性菌群的富集是生物膜工艺成功启动的关键步骤。从操作运行方案、环境条件、水力学条件、微生物特性以及填料特性等多方面，系统性总结了功能性生物膜在挂膜、驯化和功能性菌群富集过程中的影响因素，梳理了生物膜反应器的关键设计参数，并结合文献数据提出了碳氮比（C/N）、水力停留时间（HRT）和填料填充率（packing ratio）的参数选择建议，最终提供了功能性生物膜挂膜、驯化的综合策略。未来应加强对挂膜过程中水力学和微生物学方面的研究，深化对驯化过程中微生物群落演替规律和功能菌群代谢机制的认识，形成有效的挂膜、驯化运行策略。
- 移动床生物膜反应器 /
- 功能性生物膜 /
- 生物膜挂膜 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Functional biofilms， which perform one or a combination of enhanced functions such as nitrification， denitrification， and anaerobic ammonium oxidation， are key components in technologies like the moving bed biofilm reactor （MBBR） and integrated fixed activated sludge （IFAS）. Biofilm attachment， domestication， and the enrichment of functional microbial communities are key steps for biofilm technologies. This study systematically summarized the factors influencing functional biofilm growth and the directional enrichment of specific microorganisms in terms of operational schemes， environmental conditions， hydraulic characteristics， microbial characteristics， and packing material properties. In addition， the key design parameters for biofilm reactors were reviewed， and recommendations were provided for the selection of parameters such as the C/N ratio， hydraulic retention time （HRT）， and packing ratio. Finally， a comprehensive strategy for the attachment and domestication of functional biofilms was proposed. Future research should focus on the hydraulics and microbiology in the process of attachment， deepen the understanding of microbial community succession patterns and the metabolic mechanisms of functional bacterial groups during domestication， and develop effective operational strategies for these processes.
- moving bed biofilm reactor /
- functional biofilm /
- biofilm attachment /
- influencing factor

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