减污降碳背景下固定污染源监测的需求及挑战

王刚; 王东滨; 邓建国; 李博; 刘通浩; 王军霞; 蒋靖坤

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202509021

减污降碳背景下固定污染源监测的需求及挑战

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202509021

1. 中国石油大学(华东) 化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266580;
2. 清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084;
3. 中国环境监测总站生态环境部环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3700504）；广东省重点领域研发计划（2020B1111380001）；国家自然科学基金项目（21806086）

详细信息

作者简介:
王刚（1988—），男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为大气污染成因、环境监测。wangg@upc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
蒋靖坤（1980—），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为大气污染成因、环境监测。jiangjk@tsinghua.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-01

Demands and challenges of stationary sources monitoring in the background of pollution and carbon emissions reduction

1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China

摘要

摘要: 电力、钢铁等重点行业超低排放和“双碳”战略的深入实施，使得固定污染源烟气特征发生了显著变化，也给固定污染源排放监测提出了新的需求。基于此，讨论了我国固定污染源排放现状，梳理了减污降碳背景下固定污染源监测面临的新技术需求。重点行业在超低排放改造后，烟尘、SO₂和NO_x 等常规污染物浓度和烟气温度降低、湿度增加，同时可凝结颗粒物（CPM）、NH₃和有机胺等非常规污染物和温室气体的排放问题日益凸显。研究表明：超低排放改造后，CPM排放浓度可占总颗粒物的25.7%~99.6%，部分排放源的CPM浓度已超过可过滤颗粒物；脱硝系统中，过度喷氨导致氨逃逸问题突出，但不同方法的NH₃监测结果偏差较大。煤电机组低碳化改造后，掺烧生物质燃料可能增加烟气中颗粒态重金属和NH₃的含量，同时碳捕集过程中使用的有机胺吸收剂也会导致明显的有机胺逃逸现象。随着固定污染源减污降碳的持续推进，应进一步提高固定污染源烟尘、SO₂和NO_x 在线监测设备的监测精度和质控水平，建立适合于我国固定污染源的CPM监测技术方法并对重点行业开展监管，依据标准方法对固定污染源氨逃逸开展监测，研发固定污染源重金属排放在线监测技术和控制技术，开展碳捕集有机胺逃逸在线监测，并加强碳监测相关计量仪器的研制。
- 超低排放 /
- 可凝结颗粒物 /
- 氨逃逸 /
- 重金属 /
- 有机胺
Abstract: The deep implementation of ultra-low emissions and the Double Carbon Goals in key industries， such as power and steel making has significantly altered the characteristics of flue gas from stationary sources， presenting new demands for stationary sources. This article discusses the current state of stationary sources in China and outlines the emerging technological demands for stationary sources monitoring under the background of pollution and carbon emissions reduction. Following ultra-low emission transformation， the concentrations of conventional pollutants such as dust， SO₂， and NO _x， as well as flue gas temperature， have decreased， while humidity of flue gas has increased in key industries. Meanwhile， the emission of unconventional pollutants， including condensable particulate matter （CPM）， NH₃， organic amines， and greenhouse gases， has become increasingly prominent. Studies indicate that post-transformation CPM emissions account for 25.7% to 99.6% of total particulate matter， with some sources exhibiting CPM concentrations surpassing those of filterable particulate matter. Additionally， excessive ammonia injection in denitrification systems has led to significant ammonia slip， with substantial deviations observed among different NH₃ monitoring methods. In coal-fired power plants undergoing low-carbon transformation， biomass co-firing may elevate the concentrations of particulate heavy metals and NH₃ in flue gas. Furthermore， the use of organic amine absorbents in carbon capture processes can result in substantial organic amine emissions. As pollution and carbon reduction initiatives for stationary sources continue to advance， it is crucial to enhance the accuracy and quality control of online monitoring equipment for dust， SO₂， and NO _x. Additionally， a CPM monitoring technology tailored to China's stationary sources should be developed， and key industries should be systematically regulated. Ammonia emissions from stationary sources should be monitored using standardized methods， while online monitoring and control technologies for heavy metal emissions need further development. Additionally， online monitoring of organic amine escape from carbon capture processes should be implemented， and the development of carbon monitoring instruments should be strengthened.
- ultra-low emission /
- condensable particulate matter （CPM） /
- ammonia slip /
- heavy metal /
- organic amine

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