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Performance comparison and energy recovery potential analysis of anaerobic digestion systems for high-lipid food waste
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摘要: 随着城市化发展，厨余垃圾产量迅速增加，其中的高油脂组分不仅具有高甲烷潜力，也会给厌氧消化系统带来稳定性挑战。该研究以中温单相厌氧消化（MAD）、高温单相厌氧消化（TAD）以及中温厌氧消化+膜工艺（AnMBR）系统为案例，系统评估了不同温度与工艺条件下高油脂厨余垃圾的厌氧资源化性能。结果显示：MAD系统在TS-油脂/TS-基质≤50%时，甲烷产率最高可提升至587 mL/g VS，沼气产率可达3.55 L/（L·d），甲烷体积分数为66.96%，油脂降解率超过90%，能源回报率最高；TAD系统可将油脂处理能力提升至TS-油脂/TS-基质=70%，甲烷产率也进一步提升至638 mL/g VS，显示了高温条件对油脂水解和甲烷化的促进作用；AnMBR系统在TS-油脂/TS-基质=36%的条件下运行稳定，且膜污染缓慢，投入系统的COD仅有2%由出水排成，微生物生长速率与污泥浓度增长表现出良好的协调性。系统对比表明，MAD适用TS-油脂/TS-基质≤50%、经济性优先的场景，TAD适合TS-油脂/TS-基质≤70%或快速产气需求，而AnMBR可在保证高出水水质与系统稳定性的前提下实现进一步负荷提升。研究结果可为高油脂厨余垃圾厌氧消化的工艺优化、系统选型及能源化利用提供理论依据和工程参考。
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关键词:
- 高油脂厨余垃圾 /
- 产甲烷效能 /
- 中温单相厌氧消化 /
- 高温单相厌氧消化 /
- 中温厌氧消化+膜系统
Abstract: With rapid urbanization， the generation of food waste has increased significantly， and its high-lipid fraction presents both high methane potential and challenges to anaerobic digestion （AD） stability. This study systematically evaluated the anaerobic valorization performance of high-lipid food waste under different temperatures and process configurations， using mesophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （MAD）， thermophilic single-phase anaerobic digestion （TAD）， and mesophilic anaerobic digestion coupled with a membrane system （AnMBR） as case studies. Results showed that in the MAD system， at TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50%， methane yield and biogas production reached 587 mL/g VS and 3.55 L/（L·d）， respectively， with a methane fraction of 66.96% and lipid degradation efficiency exceeding 90%， achieving the highest energy return ratio. The TAD system further increased treatment capacity up to TS-lipid/TS-substrate = 70%， with methane yield reaching 638 mL/g VS， indicating that high temperatures enhance hydrolysis and methanation. The AnMBR system operated stably at 36% lipid content， with slow membrane fouling， effluent COD of 2%， and coordinated microbial growth and sludge accumulation. Comparative analysis suggests that MAD is suitable for scenarios with TS-lipid/TS-substrate ≤50% where economic efficiency is prioritized， TAD is preferable for rapid biogas production or higher lipid loads， and AnMBR allows further load increase while maintaining high effluent quality and system stability. These findings provide theoretical insights and engineering guidance for process optimization， system selection， and energy recovery from high-lipid food waste. -
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