上海市城市河流水质评价与时空变化分析

蒋国强; 徐芳

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202511002

上海市城市河流水质评价与时空变化分析

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202511002

蒋国强,
徐芳^,

上海市水利管理事务中心, 上海 200002

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3207501）

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋国强，高级工程师，主要从事河流治理研究。1791034128@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐芳，工程师，主要从事河流治理研究。xufang13121@163.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 65
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-16
- 录用日期: 2024-06-29
- 修回日期: 2024-06-10
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-09

Evaluation of water quality and spatial and temporal variations of urban rivers in Shanghai

JIANG Guoqiang,
XU Fang^,

Shanghai Water Conservancy Management Affairs Center, Shanghai 200002, China

摘要

摘要: 城市河流作为城市生态系统中重要组成部分，在城市发展发挥着关键作用，了解其水环境变化并对其进行水质评价对于城市规划以及制定环境保护政策具有重要的理论指导意义。以上海市杨浦区城市河流为研究对象，基于18个监测点位2018—2022年逐月数据，使用综合水质标识指数、季节性Mann-Kendall趋势检验以及主成分分析等方法，分析了城市河流水质时空变化。结果表明：从水质参数变化来看，DO呈上升趋势，NH⁺₄-N、COD_Mn和TP呈相反趋势，但其趋势不明显；从空间来看，监测点位水质均呈现出显著改善趋势，但上游水质要优于下游；从时间来看，综合水质标识指数（WQI）显示2018—2022年上海市城市河流逐年改善，水质评价从Ⅲ类到Ⅱ类，这说明通过水环境治理，城市河流水质显著改善；主成分分析显示DO和TP是影响2018—2022年上海市城市河流状况的主要水质因素；此外，上海市城市河流非汛期水质要优于汛期，同样DO和TP是影响汛期和非汛期水质状况主要因素，这表明未来城市河流管理中要特别关注DO和TP两个指标变化。
- 城市河流 /
- 综合水质标识指数 /
- 水质评价 /
- 时空变化
Abstract: Urban rivers， as an essential component of the urban ecosystem， play a crucial role in urban development， and understanding the variation of water environment and conducting water quality assessments are improtant for urban planning and environmental protection policies formulation. The spatial and temporal variation in water quality of urban rivers in Yangpu District， Shanghai， China， were analyzed based on the monthly data of 18 monitoring sites from 2018 to 2022， using the comprehensive water quality index method （WQI）， the Mann-Kendall trend test， and the principal component analysis in the study. The results indicated that， in terms of water quality parameters， dissolved oxygen showed an increasing trend， and ammonia nitrogen， potassium permanganate index， as well as total phosphorus exhibited opposite trends， but these trends were not statistically significant. Spatially， the water quality at all monitoring sites demonstrated a significant improvement， with upstream water quality being better than the downstream. Temporally， the WQI revealed that the urban rivers in Shanghai improved year by year from 2018 to 2022， with the water quality evaluation improving from Class Ⅲ to Class Ⅱ. This reflected significant enhancement in water quality under remediation efforts. Principal component analysis identified that dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus， as the key factors， influencing the urban river water quality in Shanghai from 2018 to 2022. Furthermore， the water quality of urban rivers in Shanghai during dry seasons was better than that during wet seasons， with dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus similarly being the influencing factors during both periods. These findings suggest that changes in dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus should be paid special attention to in urban rivers management.
- urban river /
- WQI /
- water quality evaluation /
- spatial and temporal changes

HTML全文

参考文献(36)

[1]	LEI G L，JI J G，DI Y M. Study on urban river ecological restoration technology［J］. Water Resources Development and Management，2022，8（1）：27-33. 雷国龙，季建国，邸琰茗. 城市河流生态修复技术研究［J］. 水资源开发与管理，2022，8（1）：27-33.
[2]	WANTZEN K M，BALLOUCHE A，LONGUET I，et al. River Culture：an eco-social approach to mitigate the biological and cultural diversity crisis in riverscapes［J］. Ecohydrology& Hydrobiology，2016，16（1）：7-18.
[3]	YANG Y，LUSK M G. Nutrients in urban stormwater runoff：current state of the science and potential mitigation options［J］. Current Pollution Reports，2018，4（2）：112-127.
[4]	TANG J，LI X，CAO C，et al. Compositional variety of dissolved organic matter and its correlation with water quality in peri-urban and urban river watersheds［J］. Ecological Indicators，2019，104：459-469.
[5]	GRIMM N B，FAETH S H，GOLUBIEWSKI N E，et al. Global change and the ecology of cities［J］. Science，2008，319（5864）：756-760.
[6]	ZHANG X，WU Y，GU B. Urban rivers as hotspots of regional nitrogen pollution［J］. Environmental Pollution，2015，205：139-144.
[7]	SÁNCHEZ-MONTOYA M D M，ARCE M I，ⅥDAL-ABARCA M R，et al. Establishing physico-chemical reference conditions in Mediterranean streams according to the European Water Framework Directive［J］. Water Research，2012，46（7）：2257-2269.
[8]	WU Z，LAI X，LI K. Water quality assessment of rivers in Lake Chaohu Basin（China）using water quality index［J］. Ecological Indicators，2021，121：107021.
[9]	WU L，WANG Z H，WANG L，et al. Monitoring and evaluation on water quality of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in Yellow River based on principal component analysis and fuzzy mathematics［J］. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation，2020，40（5）：118-124. 武俐，王祖恒，王亮，等. 基于主成分分析和模糊数学的黄河小浪底水质监测与评价［J］. 水土保持通报，2020，40（5）：118-124.
[10]	SHAO Z J，LIU L，WANG T. Source analysis of main rivers' pollutants of the upper reaches of Yongding River in Zhangjiakou area［J］. Environmental Pollution& Control，2020，42（2）：204-211. 邵志江，刘莲，汪涛. 永定河上游张家口地区主要河流污染物来源解析［J］. 环境污染与防治，2020，42（2）：204-211.
[11]	LI M，LI T Y，SHI Y，et al. Simulation of pollutant loads to rivers and control efficiency using a coupled MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 with ECO Lab system［J］. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2021，41（1）：283-292. 李明，李添雨，时宇，等. 基于MIKE耦合模型的入河污染模拟与控制效能研究［J］. 环境科学学报，2021，41（1）：283-292.
[12]	WAN J F，GUO X C，HU E，et al. Water quality assessment of typical dam controlled urban scenic rivers in Guanzhong section of Weihe River Basin based on WQI and TLI［J］. Environmental Engineering，2022，40（2）：66-70. 万军芳，郭新超，胡恩，等. 基于WQI和TLI的渭河关中流域城市典型坝控景观河道水质评价［J］. 环境工程，2022，40（2）：66-70.
[13]	WU J，GUO F，YANG M R. Water quality correlation analysis and influencing factors in the Shenwo reservoir and its joint rivers during 2002-2017［J］. Environmental Engineering，2019，37（10）：206-210. 武暕，郭飞，杨明儒. 2002—2017年葠窝水库及入库河流水质相关性分析和影响因素［J］. 环境工程，2019，37（10）：206-210.
[14]	TANG Q，LIU B，WANG P，et al. Application of improved WQI model in water quality assessment of typical watershed in the hilly area of central Sichuan Province：a case study in the upper reaches of Qiongjiang River Basin［J］. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2022，12（2）：615-623. 唐琦，刘兵，王璞，等. 改进WQI在川中丘陵地区典型流域水质评价中的应用：以琼江流域上游段为例［J］. 环境工程技术学报，2022，12（2）：615-623.
[15]	HARKINS R D. An index number system for rating water quality［J］. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation，1974，46：588.
[16]	BROWN R M，MCCLELLAND N I，DEININGER R A，et al. A water quality index-do we dare［J］. Water and sewage works，1970，117（10）.
[17]	UDDIN M G，NASH S，OLBERT A I. A review of water quality index models and their use for assessing surface water quality［J］. Ecological Indicators，2021，122：107218.
[18]	ŞENER Ş，ŞENER E，DAVRAZ A. Evaluation of water quality using water quality index（WQI）method and GIS in Aksu River（SW-Turkey）［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2017，584：131-144.
[19]	ZOHUD A，ALAM L，GOH C T. Evaluation of groundwater quality using the water quality index（WQI）and human health risk（HHR）assessment in west bank，palestine［J］. Hydrology，2023，10（10）：198.
[20]	GENG J，WANG Y，HU S G，et al. WQI-based water quality assessment and spatial-temporal change in plain river network areas［J］. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（6）：187-193. 耿姣，王洋，胡术刚，等. 基于WQI的平原河网地区河流水质评价与时空变化分析［J］. 环境工程，2023，41（6）：187-193.
[21]	ZHANG Y，BAI J，WANG L，et al. Evaluation of water quality improvement in Dongzhang reservoir-Fuqing bay section of Longjiang river，Fuqing city，2018-2021［J］. Environmental Engineering，2023，41（S2）：757-761. 张玉涛，白静，王林雯，等. 2018—2021年福清市龙江东张水库-福清湾段水质改善效果评价［J］. 环境工程，2023，41（增刊2）：757-761.
[22]	SÁNCHEZ E，COLMENAREJO M F，ⅥCENTE J，et al. Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution［J］. Ecological Indicators，2007，7（2）：315-328.
[23]	WU Z，ZHANG D，CAI Y，et al. Water quality assessment based on the water quality index method in Lake Poyang：the largest freshwater lake in China［J］. Scientific Reports，2017，7（1）：17999.
[24]	NING Z R，LI H B. Assessment and analysis of water quality in Ningxia Section of the Yellow River based on comprehensive water quality identification index［J］. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage，2020，39（S1）：56-61. 宁忠瑞，李虹彬. 基于水质标识指数的黄河宁夏段水质评价与分析［J］. 灌溉排水学报，2020，39（增刊1）：56-61.
[25]	LIU Y L，ZHENG Y A. Water quality assessment and spatial-temporal variation analysis in Yellow River Basin［J］. Environmental Science，2022，43（3）：1332-1345. 刘彦龙，郑易安. 黄河干流水质评价与时空变化分析［J］. 环境科学，2022，43（3）：1332-1345.
[26]	SUN W G，XING J，MA Y，et al. The application of single factor water quality identification index for environmental quality assessment of one River Basin［J］. Environmental Science and Management，2010，35（11）：181-184. 孙伟光，邢佳，马云，等. 单因子水质标识指数评价方法在某流域水质评价中的应用［J］. 环境科学与管理，2010，35（11）：181-184.
[27]	XU Z X. Comprehensive water quality identification index for environmental quality assessment of surface water［J］. Journal of Tongji University（Natural Science），2005（4）：482-488. 徐祖信. 我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究［J］. 同济大学学报（自然科学版），2005（4）：482-488.
[28]	SU C J，CHEN X H，TAN Y Q，et al. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water quality in Tanjiang River and its driving factors［J］. Water Resources Protection，2021，37（4）：109-116. 苏程佳，陈晓宏，谭永强，等. 潭江水质时空变化特征及其驱动因子［J］. 水资源保护，2021，37（4）：109-116.
[29]	ZHANG S Q，ZHANG H B，XIN C，et al. A method for characterizing trends and morphological changes of hydrological series［J］. Water Resources Protection，2019，35（6）：58-67. 张姝琪，张洪波，辛琛，等. 水文序列趋势及形态变化的表征方法［J］. 水资源保护，2019，35（6）：58-67.
[30]	XU R S，PANG Y，LUO J，et al. Water quality evaluation and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the east route of the south-to-north water diversion project in Jiangsu Province based on WQI［J］. Environmental Science，2024，45（9）：5227-5234. 徐若诗，逄勇，罗缙，等. 基于WQI的南水北调东线江苏段水质评价及时空分布特征［J］. 环境科学，2024，45（9）：5227-5234.
[31]	HU X X. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water quality of Suzhou River in Shanghai from 1986 to 2020［J］. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning，2023，15（4）：73-77. 胡雄星. 1986—2020年上海苏州河水质时空变化特征［J］. 环境监控与预警，2023，15（4）：73-77.
[32]	ZHOU L F，ZHONG Q，DONG F J. Evaluation and analysis on the eutrophication of Shifosi constructed wetland［J］. Research of Soil and Water Conservation，2015，22（1）：299-304. 周林飞，钟倩，董福君. 石佛寺人工湿地水体富营养化评价与分析［J］. 水土保持研究，2015，22（1）：299-304.
[33]	ZHANG M，LI L J，ZHAO W H，et al. Spatial heterogeneity and cause analysis of water quality in the upper streams of Miyun Reservoir［J］. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2019，39（6）：1852-1859. 张敏，李令军，赵文慧，等. 密云水库上游河流水质空间异质性及其成因分析［J］. 环境科学学报，2019，39（6）：1852-1859.
[34]	MASSOUD M A. Assessment of water quality along a recreational section of the Damour River in Lebanon using the water quality index［J］. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment，2012，184（7）：4151-4160.
[35]	LIAN H S，LIU H B，LI X D，et al. Analysis of spatial variability of water quality and pollution sources in Lihe River Watershed，Taihu Lake Basin［J］. Environmental Science，2017，38（9）：3657-3665. 连慧姝，刘宏斌，李旭东，等. 太湖蠡河小流域水质的空间变化特征及污染物源解析［J］. 环境科学，2017，38（9）：3657-3665.
[36]	TIAN Y，JIANG Y，LIU Q，et al. Using a water quality index to assess the water quality of the upper and middle streams of the Luanhe River，northern China［J］. Science of the Total Environment，2019，667：142-151.