元素平衡视角下我国河流富营养化驱动及生态响应机制分析

田雨馨; 关翔鸿; 郑芷延; 宋朝晖; 邱光磊; 韦朝海

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202512001

元素平衡视角下我国河流富营养化驱动及生态响应机制分析

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202512001

1. 华南理工大学环境与能源学院, 广州 510006

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1901218）

详细信息

作者简介:
田雨馨（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水污染控制理论与技术。ty1025_x@163.com

通讯作者:
韦朝海（1962—），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为水污染控制理论与技术。cechwei@scut.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-02
- 录用日期: 2025-05-21
- 修回日期: 2025-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-09

Analysis of drivers and ecological response mechanisms of river eutrophication in China from an elemental balancing perspective

1. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

摘要

摘要: 在人类世进程中，流域水循环系统内元素化学计量的失衡可能成为制约河流生态可持续发展的突出问题。区域发展差异导致水体中碳、氮、磷的跨境循环复杂性提高，使污染治理面临着空间异质性的难题。当前排放标准的制定过程忽视了水生态系统代谢平衡阈值，污染减排效果与环境风险反馈未能实现一致性，末端减排后尾水的水质不利于生态代谢系统的功能协调性。对此，通过多源数据分析了我国流域C、N、P元素比例的时空分异特征，污废水处理厂进水C、N、P比值［ρ（C）∶ρ（N）∶ρ（P）=（354.07±121.33）∶（10.84±1.85）∶1］至出水［ρ（C）∶ρ（N）∶ρ（P）=（73.44±26.52）∶（10.10±2.53）∶1］的过程中，营养物比例持续扩大，污染治理策略与区域自然水体的生态功能间匹配失衡；流域元素比例呈现显著的纬度梯度，部分河流因人类活动而偏离自然本底值［ρ（C）∶ρ（N）∶ρ（P）=（136.30±51.24）∶（75.15±48.15）∶1］；外流区普遍存在磷限制，水质结构以碳限制和营养物质过剩为特征，不利于植物利用与生物矿化。因此，流域水质管理存在总量减排、元素比例减排与径流混合减排的共同约束，有必要从化学计量比的角度出发，突破传统水质评价中绝对浓度指标的尺度局限，重点阐明处理技术优化与产业升级对元素流动的作用机制，为构建代谢平衡导向的流域治理体系提供科学依据。未来研究需要进一步耦合水文动力过程与生态代谢阈值，划定富营养化敏感区的空间边界及其气候、人类活动变化驱动下的演变趋势，通过模型实现技术减排、残余污染物与生态反馈的时空协调性。
- 富营养化 /
- 元素化学计量 /
- 流域水质管理 /
- 污废水处理 /
- 气候变化
Abstract: In the Anthropocene， elemental stoichiometry imbalance in water cycles may become a critical constraint on the sustainable development of river ecosystems. Regional development disparities have intensified the complexity of cross-border circulation of carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus， posing challenges for pollution control due to spatial heterogeneity. Current effluent standards neglect the metabolic equilibrium thresholds of aquatic ecosystems， leading to mismatches between pollution reduction efficacy and environmental risk mitigation， as well as inadequate functional coordination of ecological metabolic systems post-treatment. In this regard， this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus ratios across Chinese watersheds using multi-source data. Results revealed significant stoichiometric deviations during wastewater treatments from an influent C∶N∶P ratio of ［（354.07±121.33）∶（10.84±1.85）∶1］， to an effluent ratio of ［（73.44±26.52）∶（10.10±2.53）∶1］， indicating amplified nutrient disproportions and a disconnect between treatment strategies and the ecological functions of natural water bodies. Latitudinal gradients in element ratios highlighted human induced deviations from natural baselines ［ρ（C）∶ρ（N）∶ρ（P） = （136.30±51.24）∶（75.15±48.15）∶1］， with phosphorus limitation prevalent in outflow regions and water quality characterized by carbon constraints coupled with nutrient surpluses， which hindered plants utilization and biological mineralization. Therefore， water quality management in river basins was subject to common constraints of total reduction， elemental ratios reduction， and runoff mixing reduction. It was necessary to break through the scale limitations imposed by absolute concentration indicators in traditional water quality assessments from a stoichiometric perspective， emphasizing the elucidation of mechanisms， through which technological optimization and industrial upgrading influence elemental flows. This provided a scientific foundation for constructing a river basin governance system oriented by metabolic balance. Future research should further integrate hydrodynamic processes with ecological metabolic thresholds， delineating the spatial boundaries of eutrophication sensitive areas and their evolution trends influenced by climate and human activity changes， and achieving spatiotemporal coordination among technological emission reductions， residual pollutants and ecological feedback via models.
- eutrophication /
- elemental stoichiometry /
- watershed water quality management /
- wastewater treatment /
- climate change

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