某电子废弃物处理企业不同车间灰尘中重金属的生物可利用性及风险评价

黄凯

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

某电子废弃物处理企业不同车间灰尘中重金属的生物可利用性及风险评价

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202601021

黄凯

1. 上海新金桥环保有限公司, 上海 201201

详细信息

作者简介:
黄凯，高级工程师，主要研究方向为固废资源化与污染控制技术。hkvictor@126.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-06
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-26
- 刊出日期: 2026-01-22

Bioaccessibility and risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust from different workshops of an electronic waste treatment enterprise

HUANG Kai

1. Shanghai Xin Jinqiao Environmental Protection Company, Shanghai 201201, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解电子废弃物回收过程中重金属的污染特征以及健康风险，采集了上海某电子废弃物处理企业不同车间的灰尘样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了Pb、Sb和Cd 3种重金属含量，并采用生理提取实验（PBET法）模拟人体胃肠评价其生物可利用性及健康风险。结果表明，Pb在拆解车间中的含量最高（654 mg/kg），Sd和Cd在塑料破碎车间中含量高（分别为118，4.09 mg/kg）。形态结果显示，Cd赋存形态以碳酸盐结合态为主，Pb主要为铁锰氧化态，Sb主要为残渣态；三元相图以及形态生物可利用性分析表明，Pb和Cd较活泼且具有潜在风险，Sb比较稳定。胃肠液生物可利用性显示，Pb和Cd的胃期生物可利用性高于肠期，Sb与之相反，肠期高于胃期，相关性分析表明重金属在胃肠期的生物可利用性与其金属形态相关。风险评价结果显示，灰尘主要以经口摄入途径进入人体，Pb是造成拆解车间灰尘非致癌性的主要金属，Sb是破碎车间灰尘和塑料破碎灰尘非致癌性主要金属，Cd的致癌性对于3种灰尘均在可接受范围内。
- 电子废物 /
- 灰尘 /
- 重金属 /
- 赋存形态 /
- 胃肠液 /
- 健康风险
Abstract: To understand the contamination of heavy metals in the recycling process of e-waste and the health risks， dust samples from different workshops of a qualified e-waste treatment enterprise in Shanghai were collected， the content of Pb， Sb and Cd was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）， and human gastrointestinal evaluation of bioaccessibility was simulated by physiological extraction experiments （PBET method）， and the health risks of heavy metals were evaluated. It was found that Pb content was highest in the dismantling workshop （654 mg/kg）， and Sd and Cd content were higher in the plastic crushing workshop （118 mg/kg and 4.09 mg/kg）， respectively. Morphological results showed that Cd was mainly in the carbonate-bound state， Pb in the Fe-Mn oxidation state， and Sb in the residue state. The terpolymer phase diagram and morphological bioaccessibility indicated that Pb and Cd were active and potentially risky， and Sb was stable. The bioaccessibility of gastrointestinal fluid showed that Pb and Cd were higher in the gastric phase than in the intestinal phase. At the same time， Sd was more available in the intestinal phase than in the gastric phase. Correlation analysis revealed that the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in gastrointestinal fluid was associated with their metal morphology. The results of risk assessment showed that dust mainly entered the human body through oral ingestion. Pb was the main metal causing non-carcinogenicity of dust in the dismantling workshop， Sb was the main metal causing non-carcinogenicity of dust in the crushing workshop and plastic crushing dust， and the carcinogenicity of Cd was within the acceptable range for all three kinds of dust. Further research should pay attention to the health risks of other heavy metals in dust.
- electronic waste /
- dust /
- heavy metals /
- occurrence form /
- gastrointestinal fluid /
- health risk

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