基于超滤技术的污水病毒检测方法及应用研究

门江; 杨少林; 李翰文; 李慧强; 王晓慧

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202602004

基于超滤技术的污水病毒检测方法及应用研究

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202602004

门江^1,2,
杨少林²,
李翰文³,
李慧强⁴,
王晓慧^1, ,

1. 北京化工大学化学工程学院水处理环保材料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100029;
2. 清华大学环境学院区域环境安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100084;
3. 北京市排水管理事务中心, 北京 100195;
4. 北京市海淀区水务局, 北京 100195

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重大项目“疫情集聚区环境污染及次生风险阻控机制”（52091543）

详细信息

作者简介:
门江（2000—），男，硕士，主要研究方向污水流行病学。1458041498@qq.com

通讯作者:
王晓慧（1980—），男，副教授，主要研究方向为废水处理技术。xhwang@mail.buct.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-01

Study on wastewater virus detection method and application based on ultrafiltration technology

1. Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Treatment & Environmental Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Regional Environmental Security, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Beijing Drainage Management Center, Beijing 100195, China;
4. Haidian District Water Authority of Beijing, Beijing 100195, China

摘要

摘要: 新冠大流行暴露了传统公共卫生监测手段在响应速度和空间覆盖方面的显著不足，尤其是在疫情初期，难以及时反映病毒传播趋势。污水流行病学（wastewater-based epidemiology，WBE）凭借其覆盖范围广、成本较低等优势，在全球获得广泛关注。然而，影响WBE检测准确性的关键在于污水病毒监测效率。为提升病毒监测效率，建立了一种基于超滤技术的污水病毒富集方法，系统评估了其在污水病毒检测中的适用性。结果表明，在市政污水中，PEDV、TGEV和Phi6的回收率均超过40%，检测限达10 copies/mL。2023年8月，在北京市海淀区的5个监测点进行了现场监测，采用所建立的超滤浓缩流程结合RT-qPCR定量分析新冠病毒浓度水平，结果表明采集的50份管网污水样品中，49份（98.00%）为新冠病毒阳性，病毒浓度峰值可达1027.81 copies/mL。研究结果为提升污水病毒监测的检测效率与灵敏度提供了技术支撑，具有广泛的应用前景。
- 新冠病毒 /
- 超滤 /
- 污水监测 /
- RT-qPCR /
- 公共卫生
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted critical shortcomings in traditional public health surveillance systems， particularly in terms of delayed response times and insufficient spatial coverage during the early stages of the outbreak. These limitations hindered the accurate tracking of viral spread and emphasized the urgent need for complementary surveillance approaches. In this context， Wastewater-based Epidemiology （WBE） has emerged as a promising strategy for cost-effective， large-scale monitoring of pathogen circulation， gaining global attention due to its potential for broad population coverage. However， the sensitivity and accuracy of WBE in detecting viral pathogens heavily depend on the efficiency of viral concentration and enrichment from wastewater samples， in which viruses typically exist at extremely low concentrations. Therefore， the development of effective viral concentration methods is essential to enhance the reliability， sensitivity， and overall accuracy of wastewater-based surveillance. In this study， a novel ultrafiltration-based viral enrichment method aimed at improving the efficiency of viral monitoring in wastewater was developed. The method was systematically evaluated for its applicability in detecting various viral pathogens in municipal wastewater. The results demonstrated that the ultrafiltration-based concentration method achieved high recovery rates （>40%） for the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus （PEDV）， transmissible gastroenteritis virus （TGEV）， and bacteriophage Phi6， with a lower detection limit of 10 copies/mL. These findings indicated the method’s capability to effectively concentrate and detect viral particles at trace levels， which is critical for early outbreak detection and ongoing monitoring. To further validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed method， a one-month field monitoring campaign was conducted in August 2023 at five sites in Haidian District， Beijing. Wastewater samples （n=50） were collected from the local sewage network， and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations were tracked over time using ultrafiltration combined with RT-qPCR quantification. Among the 50 collected samples， 49 （98.00%） tested positive for SARS-CoV-2， providing robust evidence of the virus’s persistent presence and circulation within the local wastewater system. Notably， the peak viral concentration observed in wastewater reached 1027.81 copies/mL. This study provides important technical support for improving the detection efficiency and sensitivity of wastewater viral monitoring， and has broad potential applications in various sectors， including environmental monitoring and water quality management.
- SARS-CoV-2 /
- ultrafiltration /
- wastewater monitoring /
- RT-qPCR /
- public healthy

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