微生态视角下短程硝化启动与维持机制

张亮; 贾辰洁; 李家麟

doi:10.13205/j.hjgc.202603001

微生态视角下短程硝化启动与维持机制

doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202603001

1. 北京工业大学环境科学与工程学院城镇污水深度处理与资源化利用技术国家工程实验室，北京 100124

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重点支持项目“热区城镇污水碳氮磷转化的微生物驱动机制解析与低碳处理技术开发”（U23A20675）；国家自然科学基金项目“异质性环境下污水混养共脱氮系统微生物群落涌现特性和相互作用”（42307125）

详细信息

作者简介:
张亮（1986—），男，教授，主要研究方向为污水生物处理新技术和新工艺开发优化及智能控制。zliang@bjut.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2026-03-01

Mechanisms governing the initiation and maintenance of partial nitrification from a microbial ecological perspective

1. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology，College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100124，China

摘要

摘要: 从微生物生态学视角对短程硝化工艺进行系统重构，聚焦氨氧化菌（ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，AOB）与亚硝酸盐氧化菌（nitrite-oxidizing bacteria，NOB）在启动-维持-失稳全过程中的动态竞争机制，将持续选择压力作为解释短程硝化稳定性的核心线索，提出群落-过程耦合的分析框架。综述表明：短程硝化工艺启动阶段的关键在于非稳态扰动放大AOB增殖优势；维持阶段呈现结构动态-功能相对稳定的亚稳态特征，NOB常以低丰度或空间受限形式保留；当扰动累积削弱AOB优势时，NOB可快速回弹并触发由短程硝化（partial nitrification，PN）向完全硝化的临界转变。基于此，提出以“资源供给-生态位约束-群落反馈”为主线的运行策略要点，强调在工程尺度上通过窗口期管理提升系统韧性。进一步讨论将时间序列群落数据与关键运行参数对齐，识别短程硝化工艺的失稳边界，并提取预警信号，以支撑预测性调控与运行风险评估。
- 短程硝化 /
- 微生物生态学 /
- 群落演替 /
- 功能菌竞争 /
- 系统稳定性
Abstract: This study reconceptualized partial nitrification from a microbial ecological perspective by elucidating the dynamic competition between AOB and NOB across the initiation， maintenance， and destabilization phases. Continuous selection pressure was proposed as the core determinant of process stability within a community-process coupled framework. The review indicates that the initiation depends on non-steady-state disturbances that amplify AOB growth advantages， whereas the maintenance phase is characterized by a metastable state with dynamic community structure but relatively stable function， where NOB persist at low abundance or under spatial constraint. When cumulative disturbances weaken AOB competitiveness， NOB can rapidly rebound， inducing a critical shift from partial to complete nitrification. Accordingly， operational strategies centered on resource supply， niche constraint， and community feedback are outlined， emphasizing window-period management to enhance system resilience. The alignment of time-resolved community data with key operational parameters is further discussed as a basis for identifying instability thresholds and early-warning signals to support predictive control and risk management in partial nitrification processes.
- partial nitrification /
- microbial ecology /
- community succession /
- functional guild competition /
- system stability

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